2022年高考英语语法知识梳理 - 助动词学案

2022年高考英语知识梳理--助动词助动词 一、助动词的作用一、助动词的作用1.构成时态He is singing.他在唱歌。He has arrived.他已经到了。Tomorrow will be the first day of autumn.明天是秋天的第一天。2.构成语态He was sent to England.他被派往英国。The children have been having a lot of run.孩子们一直玩得很开心。3.构成疑问句Do you like college life？ 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study French？ 你们学过法语吗？Are the small animals kept in the cages？ 小动物都关在笼子里吗？4.与not一起构成否定I don’t like him.我不喜欢他。If it should not snow tomorrow，we would not leave.明天不下雪，我们就不走。5.强调谓语I do love you.我真的喜欢你。Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there.我确实去那儿了。6.构成倒装句Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会借钱给他。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。7.替代实义动词He made a mistake the other day and he did the same mistake again yesterday.几天前他犯了一个错误，昨天他又犯了相同的错误。（did代替made）— She loves roses most.她最爱玫瑰花了。— So she does.她确实最爱玫瑰花。（does代替loves）助动词 二、助动词的用法二、助动词的用法1.be（1）构成进行时态Some boys are playing on the grass.一些男孩正在草地上玩。（现在进行时）Yesterday we were discussing a new teaching plan.昨天我们在讨论新教学计划。（过去进行时）（2）构成被动语态The door was broken by Tom.门是汤姆打破的。English is taught in our school.我校教英语。（3）be+动词不定式The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries.这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。（表示目的）The president is to visit China next year.总统将于明年访问中国。（表示按计划安排要发生的事情）You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。（表示命令，指令）This letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信必须要面交他本人。（表示必须，必要）2.have（1）构成各种完成时态He has left for Japan.他已去了日本。（现在完成时）I have been reading a novel since this morning.从今早起，我就一直在看一本小说。（现在完成进行时）He had finished it when I arrived.我到达的时候他已完成了。（过去完成时）He will have finished it when we arrive.当我们到达时他将完成了。（将来完成时）（2）构成被动语态The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。How long has the machine been used？ 这机器使用有多久了？Every means has been used to get him to change his mind.为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。（3）口语中，常用have got代替haveI only like films that have got plenty of action.我只喜欢有很多惊险动作的电影。We have simply got to see him.我们非见他不可。3.do（1）构成疑问句Do you go to school on Saturday？ 你星期六上学吗？Does he like swimming in summer？ 他夏天喜欢游泳吗？Did you take breakfast yesterday？ 你昨天吃早饭了吗？（2）构成否定句You don’t study hard.你不用功。She doesn’t enjoy reading.她不喜欢阅读。I didn’t sleep well last night.我昨夜睡得不好。（3）构成否定的祈使句Don’t be so careless.不要那么粗心大意。Don’t hesitate to come when you need help.有困难只管来找我。（4）强调谓语I do wish you will come.我实在希望你会来。They did go there.他们的确去了那里。Do tell me the truth.一定要告诉我事实。（5）代替实义动词— Does he also study geography？ 他也学地理吗？— Yes，he does.是的，他学地理。（does代替studies）He works even harder than you do.他比你还要用功。（do代替work）4.shall，will（1）shall和will构成一般将来时。I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我就不来。My brother will leave for the United States next week.我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。（2）shall只用于第一人称，will可用于第一、第二、第三人称。I will help him if he asks me.只要他愿意，我会帮助他。You will report me afterwards.事后你必须向我报告。They say that it will rain tomorrow.他们说明天下雨。