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    2022年高考英语语法知识梳理-- 副词的用法学案

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    2022年高考英语语法知识梳理-- 副词的用法学案

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    2022年高考英语语法知识梳理--副词副词的形式 一、副词的构成一、副词的构成1.形容词+后缀-ly(1)直接加-ly。anxiously 焦虑地    beautifully 美丽地     briefly 简要地     closely 紧密地     commercially 商业上地    completely 完全地    consequently 结果 carefully 认真地 roughly 大约地differently 困难地   especially 特别地;尤其   frankly 坦白地     globally 全球地 wisely 聪明地 sincerely 真诚地   greatly 非常      honestly 诚实地       obviously 显然地    really 真正地      recently 最近         (2)以le结尾的形容词,先去掉e再加-ly。ably 精明能干地     comfortably 舒适地     gently 温柔地      miserably 悲惨地 terribly 可怕地 suitably 适当地 possibly 可能地     simply 简单地           (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾且读音为[i]的形容词,先变y为i再加-ly。angrily 气愤地     busily 繁忙地        easily 容易地      happily 高兴地 noisily 喧闹地 luckily 幸运地heavily 沉重地     healthily 健康地            【提示】 读音为[aɪ]的形容词,直接加-ly构成副词。dry 干的→dryly 干燥地 sly 狡猾的→slyly 狡猾地 shy 害羞的→shyly 害羞地(4)以ic结尾的形容词,加-ally。automatically 自动地     basically 基本地       comically 滑稽地 dramatically 戏剧性地economically 经济地      energetically 精力充沛地   scientifically 科学地     systematically 有系统地    theoretically 理论上地副词的形式 二、易混副词二、易混副词1.形式相近意义不同的同根副词He threw the ball high into the air.他把球高高地抛向空中。(具体意义“高高地”)They spoke highly of his behaviour.他们高度赞扬了他的行为。(抽象意义“高度地”)The dentist asked me to open wide.牙医要我张大嘴巴。(具体意义“张大地”)He is widely read.他博览群书。(抽象意义“广泛地”)The ship sank deep into the sea.船深深地沉入了海底。(具体意义“深深地”)He cares for her deeply.他深深地爱着她。(抽象意义“深深地”)2.形容词和副词的同形兼类词(1)“时间名词+ly”构成的词(2)形容词和副词的同形兼类词续表They had an early breakfast.他们吃了一顿很早的早饭。(early adj. )They had breakfast early.他们很早就吃了早饭。(early adv. )They went taking a fast train.他们乘快车走的。(fast adj. )Don’t speak so fast.不要讲得那么快。(fast adv. )He wants a straight answer to this question.他要一个直截了当的答案来回答这个问题。(straight adj. )Tell me straight what you think.直截了当地告诉我你的想法。(straight adv. )副词的形式 三、副词的分类三、副词的分类1.时间副词(1)表示发生时间ago 以前        before 以前     early 早         finally 最后immediately 立刻    lately 近来     presently 不久,目前   recently 最近sometime 将来某时    soon 不久      tomorrow 明天       tonight 今晚(2)表示时间顺序after 后来       finally 最后     first 最先        later 后来last 最后        next 其次      second 其次        then 然后2.地点副词above 在上面       across 越过      away 离开         backwards 向后downstairs 在楼下     everywhere 到处    far 远           forward(s)向前here 在这里        home 在家       inside 在里面       near 近nowhere 无处       out 在外面       off 离开          outside 在外面over 在上方        somewhere 某处     there 在那里        upstairs 在楼上3.程度副词absolutely 绝对地     almost 几乎      awfully 相当        completely 完全地enormously 非常地     entirely 全部地    exactly 正确地       extremely 极端地greatly 非常       just 正是       much 非常          nearly 几乎partly 部分地       perfectly 完美地    quite 十分地        rather 相当scarcely 几乎不      slightly 稍微     so 那么           thoroughly 彻底地4.方式副词actively 活跃地      how 如何        anyhow 无论如何      badly 坏地calmly 平静地       carefully 小心地    distinctly 清晰地     easily 容易地fast 快地         gladly 高兴地      hard 困难地        quickly 敏捷地quietly 静悄悄地      simply 只        wisely 聪明地       wrongly 错误地5.否定副词barely 几乎不       hardly 几乎不      never 永不,决不     not 不nowhere 任何地方都不    rarely 很少地      scarcely 几乎不      seldom 很少6.频度副词always 总是        constantly 经常地    continually 不断地     forever 永远frequently 频繁地     often 经常        occasionally 偶尔      rarely 很少地regularly 定期地      repeatedly 重复地    sometimes 有时       usually 通常7.疑问副词how 如何      however 究竟如何     when 在什么时候    whenever 究竟什么时候where 在哪里    wherever 究竟在哪里   why为什么8.关系副词where ……的地方   when ……的时候   why ……的原因【比较】①The year when I was born is 1948.我出生那年是1948。(when关系副词)②He asks me when I was born.他问我何时出生。(when疑问副词)9.连接副词(1)引导句子anyhow/anyway 不管怎样   besides 况且    however 不管怎样   meanwhile 同时moreover 再者        otherwise 否则   still 尽管如此    then 然后therefore 因此       though 然而     thus 因此(2)引导名词性从句when why where how10.句子副词frankly 坦率地     honestly 诚实地     clearly 清楚地    obviously 明显地evidently 显然地    generally 一般地     briefly 简略地    fortunately 幸运地luckily 侥幸地     unexpectedly 意外地   naturally 自然地   hopefully 有希望地副词的作用 一、副词的句法作用一、副词的句法作用1.作状语(1)修饰动词(包括不定式、动名词、分词等)Mary recovered slowly.玛丽复原得很慢。(slowly修饰动词recovered)He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。(upstairs修饰不定式to go)He was praised for having done the work wonderfully.他因工作出色而受表扬.(wonderfully修饰动名词having done)(2)修饰形容词The food is very delicious.食物很可口。(very修饰delicious)His grades are not good enough for a scholarship.他的成绩远未好到得奖学金。(enough 修饰good)(3)修饰副词He speaks English quite fluently.他讲英文十分流利。(quite修饰fluently)He spoke too quickly for me to understand.他说得太快,我听不懂。(too修饰quickly)(4)修饰介词短语Our company is badly in need of new blood.我们公司急需新人。(badly修饰 in need of new blood)We are all against the plan.我们全部反对这个计划。(all 修饰against the plan)(5)修饰状语从句He left there soon after I arrived.我到后不久他就离开那里。(soon修饰状语从句)Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道发生了什么。(only修饰状语从句)(6)修饰全句actually    apparently   certainly   clearly   definitely   evidentlyfortunately   frankly     honestly    luckily   obviously    perhapspossibly    probably    surely     undoubtedly unexpectedlyHappily,he didn’t die.幸亏他没死。Certainly,I will stand by you forever.当然,我会支持你到底。【比较】①Clearly he didn’t say so.显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)He didn’t say so clearly.他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)②Frankly,you are wrong.说实在的,你错了。(句子副词)He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)2.作后置定语here   there   abroad   home   above    below   in     outoutdoors up     down    upstairs downstairs  today   tomorrow  yesterdayI had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad.我真幸运,被选中出国旅行。(abroad修饰trip)Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed.她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。(yesterday 修饰speech)He turned the radio down so that he shouldn’t disturb the old lady downstairs.为了不打扰楼下的老太太,他把收音机音量调低了。(downstairs 修饰lady)3.作表语here   there    up     down   away   nearby   back   in   homeahead   upstairs   downstairs off    through  on     overShe is out.她出去了。He seems abroad.他好像出国了。Beauty is everywhere.美无处不在。【提示】 英语中用可作表语的副词主要是地点副词。4.作补足语Ask the children in.让孩子们都进来。(in作宾语补足语)Keep the fire on for a few minutes.让火持续几分钟。(on作宾语补足语)I’m pleased to see you back.你回来我很高兴。(back作宾语补足语)The boy was seen upstairs.有人看见这个男孩在楼上。(upstairs作主语补足语)5.作介词宾语I haven’t seen him since then.从那时起我就没再见到他了。(then作since的宾语)The museum is very far from here.博物馆离这儿很远。(here作from的宾语)副词的作用 二、疑问副词、连接副词与关系副词的区别二、疑问副词、连接副词与关系副词的区别1.疑问副词引导特殊问句How is your grandmother’s rheumatism? 你奶奶的风湿病怎么样了?Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?When can you come? 你什么时候能来?Why was he so late? 他为什么来得那么晚?2.连接副词(1)引导名词性从句When we arrive doesn’t matter.我们什么时候到没有关系。(主语从句)He asks me when I was born.他问我何时出生。(宾语从句)That’s how I look at it.这是我的看法。(表语从句)That’s why I came round.这就是我来的原因。(表语从句)We have no idea at all where he has gone.我们根本不知道他去哪里了。(同位语从句)(2)构成不定式短语Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?I can’t decide where to go for my holidays.我定不下来去哪度假。Tell me when to use this construction.告诉我什么时候用这种结构。【提示】 why不能构成不定式短语。3.关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句We then moved to Paris,where we lived for 6 years.此后我们搬到巴黎,在那里住了6年。There came a day when the rain fell in torrents.有一天下起了倾盆大雨。The reason why he came is not very convincing.他来的理由不太有说服力。副词的作用 三、特殊副词的用法三、特殊副词的用法1.quite(1)quite修饰形容词What she said was quite true.她说的话完全属实。She is quite right.她完全正确。This is quite impossible.这是完全不可能的。(2)quite修饰介词短语Our meeting in London was quite by chance.我们在伦敦的会面颇为偶然。This saying is quite out of date.这种说法已经完全过时。(3)quite 修饰“数量”短语quite a lot 许多      quite a time 很长一段时间quite an effort 很大努力  quite a while 一段相当长的时间quite a few 相当多     quite a little 相当多He has quite a bit of courage.他有相当大的勇气。There are quite a few illustrations in the book.书中有相当数量的插图。His show made quite a deep impression on the audience.他的表演给观众留下了深刻的印象。(4)quite修饰动词We quite understand what you mean.我们完全理解你的意思。I quite enjoy practicing shadow boxing.我非常喜欢练习太极拳。(5)quite的位置You are going quite the wrong way.你完全走错路了。(定冠词之前)He is quite a clever boy.他是一个相当聪明的孩子。(不定冠词之前)He is a quite clever boy.(不定冠词之后)2.ever(1)用于一般疑问句,意为“曾经”。Does she ever go out at night? 她通常晚上外出吗?Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾去过北京吗?(2)用于否定句,意为“无论何时都不……,至今不曾……”。Nothing ever happens in the lonely village.在这个偏僻的小村子里,从未出过什么大事。We hardly ever go shopping there.我们几乎不去那里买东西。(3)用于条件句,意为“曾经、有机会”。If you ever come to Beijing,please let me know.如果有机会来北京,请告诉我。If you ever have any problems,please call me.你若有问题,请给我打电话。(4)与比较级连用,意为“以前、以往、任何时候”。It is raining hard than ever.雨下得比之前更大了。When she got the letter,she became angrier than ever.拿到信后,她比之前更生气了。(5)与最高级连用,意为“空前、有史以来、从来没有”。I think she is the best actress ever.我认为她是迄今为止最优秀的女演员。This is the biggest harvest ever.这是前所未有的大丰收。【辨析】我从来没有读过这么好的书。【误】This is the best book that I have never read.【正】This is the best book that I have ever read.(6)与疑问词连用,加强语气,意为“到底、究竟”。How ever did I forget it? 我怎么竟然把它忘了呢?Which ever do you want? 你到底要哪一个?Who ever can it be? 到底是谁呀?When ever did you lose it? 你到底何时将它遗失的?Where ever did you see the panda? 你到底在哪里看见那只熊猫的?(7)构成短语。as ...as ever 和以前一样……     ever since 自从ever more 越发,越来越       for ever (and ever)永远if ever 很少,难得         than ever 比以前更Although she is old,she is as beautiful as ever.她虽年纪大了,但风韵依旧。She has known me ever since she was a girl.她从孩提时候起,就认识我。3.after all(1)表示结果与预想的不同,常用于句尾,意为“结果,终究”。I’m so sorry,I can’t come,after all.对不起,结果我还是不能来。He turned up after all.他终究露面了。(2)导出原因,常用于句首,意为“毕竟,究竟”。After all,she’s a big girl now.毕竟,她现在是大姑娘了。It’s not surprising you’re tired.After all,you were up until three last night!你累了不稀奇。毕竟,你昨晚三点才睡觉。

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