2022年高考英语语法知识梳理-- - 副词学案

2022年高考英语语法知识梳理--副词副词的位置 一、副词的位置一、副词的位置1.作定语修饰名词时要后置The weather tomorrow will be fine.明天会天气晴朗。（tomorrow修饰weather）The people there are very friendly to visitors.那里的人对游客很友好。（there 修饰people）Read the sentences above.读上面的句子。（above修饰 sentences）The temperature today is seventy degrees Fahrenheit.今天气温是华氏70度。（today修饰temperature）2.修饰形容词或副词时要前置Yesterday is an unusually warm day in far winter.就冬天而论，昨天是个异常暖和的日子。（unusually修饰 warm）She looks quite young.她看上去很年轻。（quite 修饰young）He speaks English very fluently.他讲英语非常流利。（very 修饰fluently）【提示】①enough修饰形容词或副词要后置。You’re old enough to go to school.你够上学的年龄了。She sings well enough.她唱歌唱得够好了。②enough作形容词修饰名词时可前置或后置。He has enough time for the journey.他有足够时间去旅行。He has time enough for the journey.3.修饰动词时可置于句首、句中、句末He admitted his error frankly.他率直地承认了自己的错误。He frankly admitted his error.frankly He admitted his error.4.在句中时的位置（1）置于实义动词之前。He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天常去游泳。That boy always comes late.那个男孩总是迟到。It seldom rains in winter here.这里冬天很少下雨。He never tells a lie.他从不说谎。（2）置于连系动词be之后。She is seldom ill.她很少生病。A modern mirror is usually a looking glass.现代的镜子一般是玻璃镜。It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold.天气忽冷忽热。（3）置于情态动词之后That can’t be easily done.那是无法轻易做到的。I can always beat you.我总是能打败你。He can never forget that night.他永远不可能忘记那一晚。（4）置于第一个助动词之后。We have always lived in this house.我们一直都住在这幢房子里。I have seldom seen him scold his children.我很少见他责骂孩子。I was badly injured on both legs.我两只脚都受了重伤。I have often been told not to do that.我被多次告诫别干那事。You should often have gone to see your parents.你本应该经常去看你父母的。【提示】①为了加强语气，副词的位置可在助动词或be之前。You never can tell.你永远无法预测。He always will do so.他一心要如此做。She always was late.她老是迟到！②副词在省略形式中，必须放在助（be）动词之前。— He is late again.他又迟到了。— He always is.他一向如此。— Don’t trust politicians.不要相信政客。— I never have and I never will.我从来没有，也永远不会。5.在“动词+副词”短语动词中的位置（1）宾语是人称代词时，副词置于人称代词之后。I’d like to think it over before deciding.我还是想想再决定吧。After reading the books，he put them away.读完后，他把书收好了。（2）宾语是名词时，副词置于名词前后皆可。After he turned off the light，he left the room.关灯之后，他离开了房间。after He turned the light off,He left the room.（3）宾语是句子时，副词置于宾语从句之前。Put down whatever you don’t use.不用的东西，立刻放下。6.否定副词置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。Seldom have I met him in the street.我很少在街上碰见他。Never have I seen such a thing in my college days.我大学时从未见过那样的东西。副词的位置 二、副词的排列顺序二、副词的排列顺序1.地点副词在前，时间副词在后We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o’clock yesterday.昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了。（地点+时间）What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon？昨天下午你在教室里干什么？（地点+时间）2.时间，地点副词：小单位在前，大单位在后What were you doing this time last night？昨晚这个时候你在干什么？（小时间+大时间）He will arrive at a small village in England on this Monday.他将于星期一到达英格兰的一个小村庄。（小地方+大地方）3.方式副词：短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接He used to write slowly and carefully.他过去写得又慢又仔细。（短+长）Please write slowly and with a good patience.请仔细慢慢写。（短+长）4.多个不同副词排列：“方式+地点+时间”或“地点+方式+时间”The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。（方式+地点+时间）He went there happily yesterday.他昨天高兴地去了那儿。（地点+方式+时间）He has been badly caught by the flu at his hometown this summer.今年夏天，他在家乡感染了严重的流感。（程度+方式+地点+时间）副词的比较级和最高级 一、副词的比较级一、副词的比较级1.副词的“平级”比较（1）肯定形式：as+原级副词+asShe can run as fast as a deer.她能跑得像鹿一样快。They work as hard as you do.他们工作像你一样努力。I hate him as much as you do.我像你一样恨他。I’ll be round as quickly as I can.我将尽快过来。（2）否定形式：not as/so+原级副词+asI don’t go there as much as I used.我现在去那里的次数不像过去那么多了。I didn’t do as（so）well as I should.我做得不如我应做得那么好。I can’t jump so（as）high as Bill.我跳高不如比尔。I don’t like it so （as）much as your other works.我喜欢它不及你的其他作品。【提示】 在“as+原级副词+as”句式中的程度状语要置于第一个as之前。I don’t speak half as （so）well as you.我讲得不及你一半好。She can read twice as fast as he does.她阅读的速度比他快一倍。2.副词的 “超过”比较句式：副词比较级+thanHe swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。Can you do any better than that？ 你能不能做得更好一些呢？He arrived earlier than usual.他到得比平时早。He studied the subject further than I do.这问题他研究得比我深。3.副词比较级的特殊用法（1）“副词比较级+副词比较级”表示“越来越……”Indeed，she liked him more and more.的确她越来越喜欢他了。She went farther and farther away.她越走越远了。It rained more and more heavily.雨下得越来越大了。I learned so many advantages from him，and I changed more and more excellently.我从他那里学到了许多优点，因此也变得越来越优秀了。（2）“the+副词比较级…，the+副词比较级”表示“越来……，越……”The earlier you start，the sooner you’ll be back．你出发得越早，回来得就越早。The more we thought of the lost boy，the more worried we got.我们越想那个丢失的孩子，就越是着急。The more you read，the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more I know him，the more I like him.我越了解他，就越喜欢他。4.副词比较级的修饰语a bit　　a great deal　　a little　　a lot　　by far　　even　　far　　much　　no　　stillYou must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。He walked no further.他没再往前走。She could dance even more gracefully than a dancer.她能比舞蹈演员跳得更美。Helen came late，but her sister came still later.海伦来晚了，而她妹妹来得更晚。Can you come over a bit more quickly？ 你能稍稍快点过来吗？You are working harder by far this time.你现在工作更卖力了。He runs far faster than his brother.他远比他的哥哥跑得快。副词的比较级和最高级 二、副词的最高级二、副词的最高级1.副词最高级+of/in（表示三者或三者以上的范围）Of the four of us，I sang （the）worst.我们四人中我唱得最差。Of these sports，I like rowing most.这些运动中我最喜欢划船。He went （the）farthest of the explorers.这些探险家中他走得最远。He likes painting best in his family.他是他家人里面最喜欢绘画的。She works hardest in her class． 她是她班里工作最努力的。【提示】 副词最高级前可不加定冠词the。2.副词比较级+than any other+单数名词/all the other+复数名词John studies harder than any other student in his class.John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.John studies harder than anyone else in his class.John studies harder than all the other students in his class.约翰是他们班里最用功的学生。3.No other+单数名词+副词比较级+thanNo other driver drives more carefully than he.没有其他的司机开车比他更小心的了。No other employee works harder than he．没有其他雇员像他那样努力地工作的。4.副词最高级的修饰语almost　　by far　　far　　much　　nearlyRose works the best by far in her factory.罗斯是她厂里工作最出色的。He played the piano much the best among the boys of his age.他是同龄的男孩中钢琴弹得最好的。