2022高三高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编：专题07阅读理解说明文、议论文

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专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文
一、2022年高考真题
1. （2022年全国甲卷）Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
体裁： 说明文 主题：人与自然——自然生态——生物与人的智力对比
【字数】237 + 130
【语篇导读】 通过实验发现，澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力相当于两岁的人类幼儿。
24.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
25.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
2. （2022年全国甲卷）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【语篇导读】文章介绍了不同身份的人们对于悉尼发展过程中现代化与传统文化之间冲突的看法 。
32.【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C项。
33.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. (安德鲁-雷诺兹（Andrew Reynolds）是一个30岁出头的开朗小伙子，以驾驶悉尼渡船为生。)”、第三段“I’ll miss these old boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。
34.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (该市的官方历史学家雪莉-菲茨杰拉德（Shirley Fitzgerald）告诉我，在20世纪70年代急于实现现代化的过程中，悉尼将其大部分的过去扫地出门，包括其许多最好的建筑。)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
35【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时年轻和年老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一个叫安东尼的有思想的年轻商人时，我考虑了这个问题。)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
3.（2022年全国乙卷）
Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性。
【答案及解析】
28. A 【解析】细节理解题。本题询问 What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? 是什么让无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能？ 根据题干中的关键词 the application of drones to rail lines 可还原到第二段Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. 无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其它重要方面，如铁轨的正确位置和换乘点可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线使无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能，故选A。
29. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员，经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。可知画线句子意为：这包括巨大的维护成本节约和更好地保护铁路人员的安全，故选C。
30. A【解析】细节理解题。本题询问What function is expected of the rail drones? 铁路无人机被预想有什么功能？ 根据题干中的关键词 are expeced 可找到第四段 Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前方的轨道上移动，并被编程能够自动运行。带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机，在火车前面行驶，可以像副驾驶一样引导火车.由于他们能够看到前方，他们可以预示出任何问题。可知，故选A。
干扰项分析
本试题误选答案为B。考生会根据段中“They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. ”选择B项，理解句子可知能够自动运行的是无人机二不是火车。
31. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一句Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? 一小群无人机能否保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？点名主旨，可知本文主要介绍无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来，故选D。
4. （2022年全国乙卷）
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children's health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products' sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍糖税的产生，在一些国家生效，以及它所带来的正面影响。
【答案及解析】
32. C【解析】细节理解题。本题询问Why was the sugar tax introduced? 为什么要实行糖税？根据第二段First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）.：该税种于2016年4月首次公布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖症可知，A项为学校募集资金为正确。B项意为 ：为了提高饮料的质量。
C项意为：为了保护儿童的健康。D项意为：为了鼓励教育方面的研究。故选A。
33. D【解析】细节理解题。本题询问 How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? 一些饮料公司是如何应对糖税的？根据第四段It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax.在这之前，商店里销售的软饮料有一半以上被制造商降低了糖分，这样他们就可以避免交税。A项意为：他们转向海外市场。B项意为：他们提高了他们产品的价格。C项意为： 他们削减了生产。D项意为：他们减少了产品的含糖量。可知，A项符合题意。故选A。
34. D【解析】细节理解题。本题询问 From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? 糖税是从以下哪项中征收的？ 根据五段Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. 果汁、奶类饮料和大多数酒精饮料免征糖税，每年生产少于100万升的小公司也是如此。可知，糖税是从大多数酒精饮料中征收的, 故选D。
35. B【解析】推理判断题。本题询问What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? 关于采用糖税政策可以推断出什么？ 根据最后一段Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.据一位政府官员说，今天的数字显示了糖税的积极影响，它为体育设施和学校的健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。帮助下一代拥有一个健康和活跃的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。可推断 它是一个成功的例子，A项意为：这是一个目光短浅的决定。C项意为：它使制造商受益。D项意为：它使顾客不高兴。故选B 。
3. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【语篇导读】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在从世界上一半的语言中出现了新的语音 。
第六段：这项研究推翻了普遍的观点---所有的人类语音在大约30万年前人类进化时就已经存在。
32. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Damian Blasi, 定位到文章第二段最后一句Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的），根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.（30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
33.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“ancient human adults”定位到第三段。根据“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。选项中的“Their jaws were not conveniently structured”是原文的“the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned”以及“Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure”的同义转换。故选C项。
34.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
35. 【答案】C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Steven Moran”定位到文章最后一段。根据““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。选项中的“complex and dynamic system”是原文中的“rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things”的同义转换。故选C项。

二、2022届模拟题
Passage 1（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The US space agency NASA has revealed an astonishing picture revealing new secrets of the Earth’s home galaxy (星系), the Milky Way. The sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars that form the huge shape of our galaxy. Our solar system sits in an outlying region but the new image focuses on the centre of the Milky Way, a “noisy” area because of all the crowded stars. Light from this region takes about 26,000 years to reach Earth. For comparison, light takes just eight minutes to reach us from the sun.
The researchers use the data collected by two telescopes that see the sky in ways that are very different from the visible light our eyes can see to form the new image. Most of the data comes from 370 different pictures taken over the past 20 years by NASA’s Chandra X Observatory. This satellite telescope detects X-rays out in space. X-rays are a from of radiation that is sent out when violent events heat matter to temperatures of millions of degrees. Other data comes from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa, which can detect radio waves from space. These waves have much less energy than X-rays. They are usually produced by cooler material, such as huge clouds of gas between the stars.
The brightest sources include neutron stars which are the cores of huge stars that ran out of fuel and collapsed to city-sized balls of super hot matter. Many neutron stars and black holes jet out gases that appear in the picture as purple streaks (斑纹). Powerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets to bend as they get further from their source. Astronomer Dr Daniel Wang, who has worked on the image over the past year, said the new picture described “a violent or energetic ecosystem”.
1．What can be learned about the Milky Way?
A．The center of it remains unknown.
B．The sun isn’t located in the center of it.
C．Its center is very peaceful.
D．Its center features fewer stars.
2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The collection of space data.
B．The function of the MeerKAT telescope.
C．The differences of space waves.
D．The formation of the new image.
3．What can we know about the gases jetted out by the black hole?
A．They will absorb surrounding materials.
B．They will form super big matter.
C．They get bent if away from their source.
D．They are likely to explode when superheated.
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Our galaxy’s violent heart B．An attempt to travel in outer space
C．Radio waves from outer space D．Stars’ purple streaks
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于银河系中心不为人知的一些情况。
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“The sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars that form the huge shape of our galaxy. Our solar system sits in an outlying region but the new image focuses on the centre of the Milky Way, a noisy area because of all the crowded stars.(太阳只是构成银河系巨大形状的数千亿颗恒星中的一颗。我们的太阳系位于一个偏远的区域，但新图像聚焦在银河系的中心，一个嘈杂的区域，因为所有的恒星都很拥挤)”可知，整个太阳系都不在银河系中心，即太阳也不在银河系中心。故选B项。
2．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“The researchers use the data collected by two telescopes that see the sky in ways that are very different from the visible light our eyes can see to form the new image. (研究人员使用了两台望远镜收集的数据，它们观察天空的方式与我们肉眼看到的可见光非常不同，从而形成了新的图像)”及过程描述可知，第二段主要讲述了银河系的新照片的形成。故选D项。
3．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Powerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets to bend as they get further from their source.(该区域的强大磁场会导致射流在远离源头时发生弯曲)” 可知，黑洞喷出的气体如果远离其源头就会发生弯曲。故选C项。
4．【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“Astronomer Dr Daniel Wang, who has worked on the image over the past year, said the new picture described a violent or energetic ecosystem.(天文学家丹尼尔·王博士过去一年一直在研究这幅图像，他说，这幅新图像描述了一个激烈或充满活力的生态系统)”可知，整篇文章围绕这幅新图像展开，描述了银河系的中心是激烈或充满活力的。由此可知，Our galaxy’s violent heart(我们星系狂暴的心脏)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
Passage 2（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）
Have a hard time waking up when it’s cold out? Scientists say your brain is to blame. A study conducted by scientists from Northwestern University made it possible to offer some explanations for this phenomenon.
Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. It helps explains why, for both flies and humans, it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter.
“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep,” said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.
The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C．Having recognized those neurons, the researchers followed them all the way to their targets within the brain. They found their targets are a small group of brain neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the neurons they discovered are active, the target cells, which normally are made active by morning light, are shut down.
“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental abilities,” said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few in the world that are systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the fly brain, the logic and organization, may be the same all the way to humans. And future studies on human brain will surely find some reference information in this study.”
5．Why is it hard for flies to wake up in cold mornings?
A．Cold conditions disable the antennas of flies.
B．Flics have fewer neurons in the brain than humans.
C．Coldness stops flies’ neurons from functioning well.
D．Flies’ neurons controlling wakefulness are damaged.
6．What do we know about the study?
A．It focuses mainly on how fly brains work.
B．It helps explain how temperature affects sleep.
C．It aims at solving humans’ sleeping problems.
D．It shows the similarities between fly brains and human brains.
7．Which part of a fruit fly will be made active when it is cold?
A．Its antenna. B．Its target cells.
C．Its “absolute cold” receptors. D．Its network controlling sleep.
8．What’s Gallio’s attitude towards the practical value of the findings?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Disappointed.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关温度影响睡眠的研究。
5．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. (他们对果蝇的研究表明，季节性寒冷和黑暗的环境会阻止果蝇大脑中促进活动和清醒的神经元发出信号，尤其是在早上)”可知，果蝇在寒冷的早晨很难醒来因为寒冷阻止果蝇神经元正常工作。故选C。
6．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep(通过研究果蝇的行为，我们可以更好地理解温度如何以及为什么对调节睡眠如此重要)”可知，这项研究有助于解释温度如何影响睡眠。故选B。
7．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C.(该研究首次描述了果蝇触角上的“绝对低温”接收器，这种受体只对低于果蝇“舒适区”（约25°C）的温度做出反应)”可知，果蝇的“绝对低温”接收器在寒冷时会活跃起来。故选C。
8．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And future studies on human brain will surely find some reference information in this study.(未来对人脑的研究一定会在本研究中找到一些参考信息)”可推知，Gallio对这项研究的实用价值持积极态度。故选A。
Passage 3（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）
New York-based Ecovative has been creating environmentally friendly packaging made from mushrooms and agricultural waste since 2009. Now, the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes and offices with a new line of compostable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grown using just three materials: mycelium (the vegetative part of mushrooms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.
While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical, the company’s CEO Eben Bayer says it is a relatively low-tech process and compares it to “making bread”. The company begins by adding a few mycelium cells to damp hemp or other agricultural waste.
The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste until everything is ”glued“ together. The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold (模具) where it continues to grow and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the oven. In addition to making it as strong as wood, the heat also kills the mycelium, thus giving the compostable material a similar shelf life to wood.
Also, though the table tops of the stylish Tafl and King’s tables released at the recently held Biofabricate 2016 conference in New York City resemble marble, they are far from it. The perfectly carved blocks are made of a material grown by a North Carolina-based company named bioMASON using grains of sands and bacteria.
As you have probably guessed, this waste-free furniture does not come cheap. Customers can expect to pay anywhere from $249 USD for the Tafl to $699 USD for the King’s table, both of which are only available in limited quantities. Those that cannot afford those prices can choose cheaper GIY (grow it yourself) ones made of various products ranging from Christmas tree decorations to lamp shades.
9．Why did Eben compare making hard materials to making bread?
A．Their raw materials are the same. B．Their product appearances are alike.
C．Their production processes are simple. D．Their production costs are relatively low.
10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The method of making mushrooms hard. B．How to make mushroom furniture materials.
C．What are needed to make mushroom furniture. D．The difficulties of making mushroom furniture.
11．What can we learn about Tafl and King’s tables?
A．They are in limited supply. B．They are offered in GIY forms.
C．They consist mainly of marble. D．They are designed by bioMASON.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Invention of New Kinds of Furniture
B．The First Sale of Furniture Made of Mushrooms
C．Scientists Found New Material to Make Furniture
D．Future Furniture May Be Grown from Mushrooms
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Ecovative公司用蘑菇研发制造了一种未来新型环保家具。
9．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical, the company’s CEO Eben Bayer says it is a relatively low-tech process and compares it to “making bread”.(虽然用蘑菇制造硬材料听起来很神奇，但该公司首席执行官Eben Bayer表示，这是一种技术含量相对较低的过程，并将其比作“制作面包”)”可知，Eben将制作硬质材料比作制作面包因为他们的生产过程很简单。故选C。
10．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste until everything is ”glued“ together. The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold (模具) where it continues to grow and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the oven. In addition to making it as strong as wood, the heat also kills the mycelium, thus giving the compostable material a similar shelf life to wood. (菌丝体长得像小茸毛，可以和废料一起扭动，直到所有东西都“粘”在一起。然后将混合物再次混合，放入想要的模具中，继续生长和硬化。然后将得到的材料放入烤箱烘烤。除了使其像木材一样坚固外，高温还会杀死菌丝，从而使这种可降解材料的保质期与木材相似)”可知，第三段主要讲的是如何制作蘑菇家具材料。故选B。
11．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Customers can expect to pay anywhere from $249 USD for the Tafl to $699 USD for the King’s table, both of which are only available in limited quantities.(顾客可以支付249美元的Tafl到699美元的King’s tables，这两种都是限量供应的)”可知，Tafl和King’s tables供应有限。故选A。
12．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now, the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes and offices with a new line of compostable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grown using just three materials: mycelium (the vegetative part of mushrooms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.(现在，该公司希望将他们的神奇材料带入家庭和办公室，他们推出了一种新的可堆肥家具系列，这种家具只使用三种材料生长：菌丝（蘑菇的营养部分）、麻类植物和盐)”结合文章主要介绍了Ecovative公司用蘑菇研发制造了一种未来新型环保家具。可知，D选项“未来的家具可能是从蘑菇中生长出来的”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 4 （2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）
Instead of a human deliveryman, Beijing resident Xiao Wei received his online order for daily necessities in less than 30 minutes from an unmanned delivery vehicle.
The four-wheeled vehicle named “magic bag” is 1.56 meters high, 2.77 meters long, and 1.19 meters wide. Weighing 500 kg, it can carry about 100 kg of goods at a time and run a distance of 100 km on a single charge with a maximum traveling speed of 20 kph.
After customers place orders on the Meituan app, an intelligent distribution system will assign orders to those autonomous vehicles, which will pick up and deliver goods to pick-up stations at the final destinations. Customers can collect the delivery from the stations without any human contact during the whole process, said Meituan Dianping, China’s major online food delivery platform.
“I can check the real-time route of the driverless vehicle. It is fast, convenient and safe as well,” said Xiao. “This is also the first time that Meituan has used unmanned vehicles to complete delivery orders on open roads.” Meanwhile, according to Meituan, daily sales on its retail grocery service app have increased by 200 to 300 percent in Beijing compared to figures from before the epidemic.
The catering（餐饮）chain brand Xiaoheng Dumplings has cooperated with an unmanned vehicle enterprise to pilot unmanned vehicle delivery services in Beijing. Li Heng, the founder of Xiaoheng Dumplings, believes unmanned delivery is the future of the industry as it is cleaner, safer and more efficient. “An unmanned vehicle can deliver 300 to 400 meals a day, while a deliveryman can only deliver dozens of meals,” Li said. Xiaoheng’s unmanned vehicles have a heat preservation function. A new type of vehicle with a freezing function will be introduced in the future to deliver frozen food.
Meituan and Xiaoheng will continue the unmanned delivery service in the future. More varieties of goods, including food, medicine, and daily necessities, will be added to such delivery services.
13．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The origin of driverless delivery vehicles.
B．The introduction of driverless delivery vehicles.
C．The reason for using driverless delivery vehicles.
D．The background of creating driverless delivery vehicles.
14．What are customers required to do to place orders?
A．Contact the food delivery platform.
B．Collect groceries at the pick-up station.
C．Download a Meituan app.
D．Track the real-time route of the vehicle.
15．What is Li Heng’s attitude towards unmanned delivery vehicles?
A．Favorable. B．Suspicious. C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.
16．What can we learn from the text?
A．Driverless vehicles have been in operation in many cities.
B．More types of goods will be delivered by driverless vehicles.
C．Driverless vehicles can hand goods to the customers directly.
D．Meituan is experiencing a huge labor shortage of delivering.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶配送车辆帮助顾客快速配送网上订购的商品。
13．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“The four-wheeled vehicle named “magic bag” is 1.56 meters high, 2.77 meters long, and 1.19 meters wide. Weighing 500 kg, it can carry about 100 kg of goods at a time and run a distance of 100 km on a single charge with a maximum traveling speed of 20 kph. (这款名为“魔法袋”的四轮汽车高1.56米，长2.77米，宽1.19米。它重500公斤，一次可携带约100公斤货物，单次充电可跑100公里，最大行驶速度20公里/小时。)”可知，本段主要是无人驾驶运载工具的介绍。故选B。
14．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“After customers place orders on the Meituan app, an intelligent distribution system will assign orders to those autonomous vehicles, which will pick up and deliver goods to pick-up stations at the final destinations. Customers can collect the delivery from the stations without any human contact during the whole process, said Meituan Dianping, China’s major online food delivery platform. (客户在美团app上下单后，智能配送系统会将订单分配给这些自动驾驶车辆，这些车辆会将货物提取并送到最终目的地的取货站。中国主要的在线外卖平台美团点评表示，顾客可以在整个过程中不需要任何人际接触就可以从外卖站取货。)”可知，客户下单后只需要在取货站取货。故选B。
15．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Li Heng, the founder of Xiaoheng Dumplings, believes unmanned delivery is the future of the industry as it is cleaner, safer and more efficient. “An unmanned vehicle can deliver 300 to 400 meals a day, while a deliveryman can only deliver dozens of meals,” Li said. Xiaoheng’s unmanned vehicles have a heat preservation function. A new type of vehicle with a freezing function will be introduced in the future to deliver frozen food. (小恒饺子的创始人李恒认为，无人配送更清洁、更安全、更高效，是该行业的未来。“一辆无人驾驶汽车每天可以送300到400顿饭，而快递员只能送几十顿饭，”李说。“小恒”的无人驾驶汽车具有保温功能。未来将推出一种具有冷冻功能的新型车辆，用于运送冷冻食品。)”可推断，李恒对无人运载工具的态度是赞成的。故选A。
16．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meituan and Xiaoheng will continue the unmanned delivery service in the future. More varieties of goods, including food, medicine, and daily necessities, will be added to such delivery services. (美团和小恒未来将继续提供无人送货服务。增加食品、药品、生活必需品等商品的配送品种。)”可知，更多种类的商品将由无人驾驶车辆配送。故选B。
Passage （2022·福建厦门·模拟预测）
Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in its hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.
The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth. And of course, radiation is key to cancer treatment.
The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. It might also barn workers if something accidentally goes wrong during a normal nine-to-five day. In 2017 alone, according to a report from the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, there were 171 “incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials outside of regulatory control” based on open source reports, 104 of which happened in the U.S.
An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities. “Where is the most high-risk material located around the most people?” says Emily Adams, deputy director of a domestic program in the Office of Radiological Security. “And that’s how we got our 100.”
17．What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 1?
A．Radioactive substances can warm our planet.
B．Food processing does harm to workers in plants.
C．The radioactive material is basically everywhere.
D．It’s hard to remove scary-sounding elements in buildings.
18．Why does the author mention “well logging” in paragraph 2?
A．To make a summary. B．To raise a question.
C．To provide a contrast. D．To support an idea.
19．What is RadSecure 100 intended for?
A．Making use of energetic substances. B．Ensuring safety of the radioactive material.
C．Warning people of the most high-risk material D．Protecting the Office of Radiological Security.
20．What is the writer’s attitude towards the radioactive material?
A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Disapproval. D．Carefree.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们的星球有许多放射性物质，这些物质可以发挥好的作用，但是也存在一定的隐患。
17．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in is hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.(我们的星球是许多放射性物质的家园——不仅存在于地质内部，而且存在于医院、工业场所和食品加工厂。例如，在科罗拉多州，27栋建筑里存放着听起来可怕的化学元素，比如铯137和钴60。不过，这些材料并不是用于危险目的。它们在癌症治疗、血液辐照、医疗和食品灭菌、结构和设备测试、地质勘探等方面发挥作用)”可推知，作者在第一段中似乎想传达的信息是放射性物质基本上到处都是。故选C。
18．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth.(放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具。铯和钴释放出的射线可以杀死肉中繁殖的细菌，让苹果的寿命更长。比如说，放射设备可以探测到城市管道的裂缝，就像X光检查出膝盖的细微骨折一样。一种被称为“测井”的方法使用密封的放射源来绘制石油勘探者在地球上钻的洞的地质图)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“well-logging”是为了支持放射性物质可以是一种有用的工具这样一个观点，故选D。
19．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities.(一项名为RadSecure 100的倡议发起了，目的是在100个美国城市移除并更好地保护含能材料)”可知，RadSecure 100的用途是确保放射性物质的安全。故选B。
20．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. (放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具)”以及倒数第二段中“The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. (风险之所以会增加，是因为同样有益的放射性物质也可能被偷或放错地方，进入贩运团伙或脏弹)”可知，作者说明了放射性物质的好处和坏处，即可推知，作者对放射性物质的态度是客观的。故选B。
Passage 6（2022·陕西·宝鸡中学模拟预测）
For thousands of years, mankind has bred plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals. For instance, modern corn has been bred to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk; and if they are not often drained of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Furthermore, most domesticated dogs can not survive in the wild even with special training. Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective breeding programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a backseat to mankind’s breeding programs.
Additionally, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For instance, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths probably became extinct because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently eradicated (根除) from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon follow. Again, natural evolution did not cause most extinction during humanity’s reign.
Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be artificially created and destroyed, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only haphazardly (偶然地). Scientists are even able to replace flawed (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes in an attempt to cure genetic defects. This is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.
Eventually scientists will be able to enhance even people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene therapy, but also ensuring that all of your descendants do not inherit your old genes of poor eyesight to. Scientists will one day be able to enhance the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize babies before they are born just like picking options at a car dealership.
In the near future, natural evolution in the genetic code of any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a result, natural evolution is doomed.
21．From Paragraph 1 we learn that ______ .
A．selective breeding has improved all species
B．only selective breeding can make up for natural losses
C．modern corn can’t able to reproduce itself due to selective breeding
D．natural evolution can’t do without man’s assistance
22．The underlined word “backseat ” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ______ ” .
A．powerful assistance B．important part
C．bad fortune D．secondary position
23．What do we know from the passage?
A．Selective breeding is partly beneficial to humans.
B．Genetic defects won’t be inherited due to natural evolution.
C．Natural evolution can’t create new species.
D．Selective breeding can determine the sex of babies.
24．The author mainly wants to tell us that ______ .
A．selective breeding will cause the extinction of many species
B．natural evolution is almost dead with the development of selective breeding
C．selective breeding has aroused attention from all over the world
D．natural evolution survives strongly although it is in danger
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了人为进化的好处，如奶牛可以专门产奶，玉米的产量比以前也高很多，但是离开人类的照料那些动植物都不会很好的生存。在不久的将来，任何物种的遗传密码中的自然进化都可以在需要的情况下迅速得到修复。因此，自然进化是注定的。
21．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“For instance, modern corn has been bred to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance.(例如，现代玉米已经被培育到如此大的尺寸，以至于没有人类的帮助它无法自己繁殖)”可知，由于选择性育种，现代玉米无法自己繁殖。故选C项。
22．【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective breeding programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species(由于自然进化极其缓慢，而人类的选择性繁殖程序只需要几代人就能产生一个全新的物种)”可知，人类的选择性繁殖速度比自然进化快得多，由此可推知，“natural evolution has already taken a backseat to mankind’s breeding programs”意为：自然进化已经让位于人类的繁殖计划，backseat意为“次要位置”。故选D项。
23．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“For thousands of years, mankind has bred plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals.(几千年来，人类一直在培育植物和动物，以创造出更理想、更有用的植物和动物)”及第二段中“Additionally, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together.(此外，人类还成功地消灭了几个物种)”和“and dozens of other diseases will soon follow(其他几十种疾病也将接踵而至)”可知，选择性繁殖可以为人类带来财富，但也会导致物种灭绝，产生新的疾病，所以选择性繁殖只在一定程度上对人类有益。故选A项。
24．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段“In the near future, natural evolution in the genetic code of any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a result, natural evolution is doomed.(在不久的将来，任何物种的遗传密码中的自然进化都可以在需要的情况下迅速得到修复。因此，自然进化是注定的)”可知，文章讲述了人为进化相比自然进化的好处及随之而来的问题，最后作者指出，自然进化可以在需要的情况下迅速得到修复，因而自然进化是注定的，所以文章想告诉我们，自然进化虽然处于危险之中，但仍会顽强地幸存下来，故选D项。
Passage 7（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）
We are a culture drowning in our possessions. We take in more and more ( holiday, birthdays, sales, needs ),but rarely find an opportunity to get rid of it. As a result, our homes fill up with so much stuff. And because we believe the best solution is to find organizational tools to manage all of it, we seek out bigger containers or more efficient organizational tips and tricks. But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.
At its heart, organizing is simply rearranging. And though we may find storage solutions today, we are quickly forced to find new ones as early as tomorrow. Additionally, organizing has some other major shortcomings that are rarely considered. For example, it doesn’t benefit anyone else. The possessions we rarely use sit on shelves in our basements or garages, even while some of our closest friends desperately need them.
On the other hand, the act of getting rid of stuff from our home accomplishes many purposes. It is not a temporary solution. It is an action of permanence — once an item has been removed, it is removed completely. Whether we re-sell our possessions, donate them to charity, or give them to a friend, they are immediately put to use by those who need them.
Removing possessions begins to turn back our desire for more as we find freedom and happiness in owning less. And removing ourselves from the all-consuming desire to own more creates opportunities for significant life changes to take place.
If you’re struggling with how to get rid of stuff, you can first challenge yourself to remove the unneeded things in your home, carry a trash bag from room-to-room, see how big of a donation pile you can make, and even eliminate debt by selling what you no longer need.
It doesn’t matter how you remove them, for it is far better to remove than to always organize.
25．What is the problem with simply organizing stuff?
A．Few tools and tricks are available. B．It needs to be repeated very often.
C．People cannot save money by organizing. D．Desire to buy more disappears by organizing.
26．How can we remove unnecessary possessions?
A．By reselling them to others. B．By keeping them in trash bags.
C．By storing them in the garage. D．By piling them on the shelves.
27．What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．get rid of B．get over C．add to D．take charge of
28．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the advantages and disadvantages of organizing things.
B．To inform readers of the ways to get rid of unnecessary possessions.
C．To call for people to remove stuff instead of just organizing.
D．To appeal to people to make donations to people in need.
【导语】本文为议论文，阐述了仅仅整理家里的物品并不能真的改善生活方式和自己的行为和理念，应当是彻底的舍弃，才能让物品既能物有所用，也能更好地整理自己的生活。
25．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.(但是，简单地组织我们的东西必须一遍又一遍地重复。)”可知，简单地整理东西的问题在于这需要经常重复。故选B。
26．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Whether we resell our possessions, donate them to charity, or give them to a friend, they are immediately put to use by those who need them.(无论我们转售我们的物品，捐赠给慈善机构，或给他们的朋友，他们立即被需要它们的人使用。)”可知，通过转卖物品，捐赠给慈善机构，赠送给朋友等方式，都可以让自己彻底摆脱不必要的物品，而且不浪费物品本身的价值。故选A。
27．【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据“selling what you no longer need(出售你不再需要的东西)”可知，卖掉不需要的东西后就可以得到钱，以此来摆脱债务，因此划线词的意思是“摆脱”，和get rid of意思相近，故选A。
28．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“And because we believe the best solution is to find organizational tools to manage all of it, we seek out bigger containers or more efficient organizational tips and tricks. But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.(因为我们相信最好的解决方案是找到有组织的工具来管理所有这些，我们寻求更大的容器或更有效的组织技巧和技巧。但是，简单地组织我们的东西必须一遍又一遍地重复。)”和第二、三段的描述可知，本文主要分析仅仅整理物品的缺点和彻底清理物品的优点，以达到劝说人们“断舍离”的目的，因此本文的目的是号召人们清除杂物，而不仅仅是整理。故选C。