2022高三高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编:专题04从句
展开专题04 从句
一、2022年高考真题
- (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
- 【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在这1100公里的旅程中,这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
- (2022年全国甲卷短文改错)The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.
7.【答案】too→so
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:这分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。故将too改为so。
8.【答案】what→how
【解析】考查副词。句意同上。此处为“疑问副词+不定式”结构来做动词knew的宾语。结合句意,此处表达“如何解决它”,settle it为动宾关系,此处缺少方式状语,用how。故将what改为how。
9.【答案】or→and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:一天,他和我交谈,并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境,“talked with me”与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系,用and连接。故将or改为and。
3. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错) Whether you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
4.【答案】Whether → If 或Whether → When
【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意:当你骑自行车时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知,该句阐述的是一个事实,需用if或when引导;位于句首,注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。
8.【答案】what → which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:它们经常高速行驶,这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的一句话,在从句中做主语,应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
4. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___65___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
65.【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。(语法知识点:当先行词指物,且被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时,只使用that不用which引导。)本句句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。故填that。
二、2022届模拟题
1. (2022·河南新乡·二模语法填空)The first creature ____31____ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika.She was a good dog. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space ____32____(explore) when scientists wondered____33____it was lethal (致命的) for living things.
31.【答案】to orbit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第一个绕地球运行的生物才两岁。动词的修饰名词或代词前面有序数词、形容词最高级时,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to orbit。
32.【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意:1957年,她的飞行为太空探索铺平了道路,当时科学家们想知道它对生物是否致命。分析句子结构,根据空格前space可知,此处要填名词,构成固定短语space exploration(太空探索)。故填exploration。
33.【答案】whether
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:1957年,她的飞行为太空探索铺平了道路,当时科学家们想知道它对生物是否致命。分析句子结构可知,此处宾语句,从句不缺主宾表状等成分;根据句意可知,此处意指“它对生物是否致命”,应用whether引导。故填whether。
2.(2022·山东·模拟预测语法填空)The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020 ___2___ (show) for the first time on the world stage of New York Fashion Week ___3___ tradition met modernity. The ___4___ (inspire)came to fruition when taoray taoray’s design team was introduced to Yi embroidery (刺绣). The Yi ethnic group has thousands of years of history, and its splendid culture is valuable in Chinese society.
【答案】2.was shown 3. where 4.inspiration
【解析】2.考查动词语态。句意:taoray taoray 2020春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装周世界舞台。根据本句中的Spring Summer 2020可知,此处应用一般过去时,因为The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020与show之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was shown。
3.考查定语从句。句意:taoray taoray 2020春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装周世界舞台。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 world stage,并在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,故填where。
4.考查名词。句意:当taoray taoray的设计团队被介绍彝族刺绣时产生了这一灵感。根据设空处前面的The和后面的 came to fruition可知,设空处作主语且表示抽象意义,应用名词,故填inspiration。
3.(2022·广东梅州·一模语法填空)Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see ____7____ would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow I forced my finger ____8____ (press) the button.
【答案】7.who 8.to press
【解析】7.考查名词性从句。句意:时间静止了,熊和我都在等着看谁先行动。分析可知,此处引导宾语从句,根据句意,应用疑问代词who引导从句,表示“谁先行动”。故填who。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:不知怎么的,我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。force sb/sth to do sth“强迫某人或某物干某事”是固定句式,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to press。
4.(2022·山东枣庄·二模语法填空)In the early Western Han Dynasty, a general ____1____ (name) Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has ____2____ that whenever Ji made a promise, he would spare no effort to fulfill it.
...
Li readily agreed and ____9____ (keep) his word. The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers. He later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang, ____10____ later had 35 branches across the country.
【答案】1. named 2. it 9. kept 10. which
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:西汉初期,有个将军叫季布,他为人勇敢诚实。分析句子可知,句子已有谓语动词was known for being,name应用非谓语动词形式,且与主语之间为被动关系,应用过去分词表被动,此处是“被叫做,被命名”。故填named。
2.考查形式宾语。句意:传说,每当他许下诺言,就会不遗余力地去实现它。分析句子可知,空处为句子的宾语,结合句意可知,宾语为that引导的从句所呈现的这件事,所以此处应用it作形式宾语,代替后移由that引导的从句,即真正宾语,故填it。
9.考查时态。句意:李欣然同意并遵守了他的诺言。分析句子,根据句意和agreed and可知,此处为并列谓语,动词用过去式,与agreed并列。故填kept。
10.考查定语从句。句意:后来,他建立了中国第一家汇票银行——日升昌银行(Rishengchang),该银行后来在全国拥有35家分行。分析句子结合句意可知,空处引导非限定性定语从句,先行词“日升昌银行(Rishengchang)”,且从句缺少主语,应用关系代词代替先行词引导从句,作从句的主语。故填which。
5.(2022·陕西榆林·三模语法填空) In China, chopsticks are called kuaizi,____7____is a word made up of characters meaning quick and “bamboo”. The English word “chopsticks” may come____8____a common phrase that means “quickly chop”.
【答案】 7.which 8.from
7.考查定语从句。句意:在中国,“chopsticks”被叫作“筷子”,它是由“快”和“竹”两个汉字组成的。本句用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是kuaizi (筷子),关系代词which在从句中作主语。故填which。
8.考查介词。句意:英语单词“chopsticks”可能来自于一个常见的短语,意思是“快切”。固定短语come from…(来自于……), 故填from。
6.(2020·江西·上饶市第一中学二模语法填空)New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2019 was 485,000 yuan for a first child,____1____ is far more than ____2____ in the United States and Japan.
【答案】1.which 2. that
1.考查定语从句。句意:一项新的研究表明,2019年中国抚养第一个孩子到18岁的平均费用为48.5万元人民币,远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知, is far more than in the United States and Japan是非限制性定语从句,先行词是485,000 yuan,在从句中做主语,指物,用关系代词which。故填which。
2.考查代词。句意:见第1题详解。此处考查代词that,指代上文特指的同类事物the average cost。表示“那”的意思。故填that。
7.(2022·宁夏石嘴山·一模语法填空) Chen Wenqiaochu set____1____example when he was 14. He performed CPR (心肺复苏术) on a cleaner at his school,____2____(save) the man’s life in 2013. Chen showed that knowing how to perform CPR can be____3____(benefit). According to medical experts, there is a “golden period”, the first four minutes of a heart attack,____4____CPR is most effective in saving the person’s life.
1.考查冠词。句意:陈文桥初14岁时就树立了榜样。此处泛指“一个榜样”,example以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:2013年,他在学校给一名清洁工做了心肺复苏术,挽救了他的生命。分析句子结构可知save在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语He构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填saving。
3.考查形容词。句意:陈文桥初向我们展示了如何进行心肺复苏术是有益的。作表语,表示“有益的”应用形容词beneficial。故填beneficial。
4.考查定语从句。句意:根据医学专家的说法,有一个“黄金时期”,即心脏病发作的前四分钟,在这段时间内,心肺复苏术是挽救生命最有效的方法。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the first four minutes of a heart attack,先行词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。故填when。
8. (2022·内蒙古·集宁二中三模语法填空)Space holidays will develop in the future, but these holidays won't be for everyone because they are ____4____ (expensive) than holidays on the earth. Short space trips will develop first, then the space hotels will go around the earth ____5____it will be possible to have a longer vacation.
【答案】4.more expensive 5.where
【解析】4.考查形容词。句意:太空度假在将来将会发展,但是这些假期不适合于每一个人,因为这些假期要比地球上的贵许多。根据 than holidays on the earth可知此处进行比较,要用比较级。故填more expensive。
5.考查定语从句。句意:短期太空旅游将首先发展,然后太空旅馆将围绕地球,在那里较长的度假是可能的。空格处引导定语从句,先行词是 the earth,在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9.(2022·四川·成都七中二模短文改错语法填空)Dozens tiny needles were inserted across my arm and fingers. I dared not move, because even a small change of position could cause a acute pain. Two weeks went by since I could eat a meal with chopsticks and it took a month for my arm and fingers to return back to their normal functions. I was very amazing at how magic these needles were. That I had always considered old-fashioned and useless turned out to be of great use.
【答案】1. 在Dozens后加of 2.a→an 3. since→before
4.删除back 5. amazing→amazed 6. That→What
【解析】1.考查固定短语。句意:几十根细小的针插在我的手臂和手指上。dozens of几十个,固定短语。故在Dozens后加of。
2.考查不定冠词。句意:我不敢动,因为即使是小小的改变姿势也会引起剧烈的疼痛。acute发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。
3.考查时间状语从句引导词。句意:两个星期后我就可以用筷子吃饭了,我的手臂和手指恢复正常功能花了一个月的时间。结合句意可知,此处应用before引导时间状语从句,since意为“自从”,不符合题意。故将since改为before。
4.考查动词意义。句意:两个星期后我就可以用筷子吃饭了,我的手臂和手指恢复正常功能花了一个月的时间。return表示“返回,归还”,back在语义上重复,故删除back。
5.考查形容词。句意:我对这些针的魔力感到非常惊讶。主语是I,指人,应用形容词amazed作表语,amazing表示“令人诧异的”,修饰物,故将amazing改为amazed。
6.考查主语从句引导词。句意:我一直认为过时和无用的东西却变得很有用。分析句子可知,此处引导主语从句,从句中considered缺少宾语,表示“认为过时和无用的东西”,应用what引导,that引导主语从句时在从句中不作任何成分,不符合题意。故将That改为What。
10.(2021·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所一模短文改错)The lake has been shrinking since the 1950s due to multiple reason, such as human activities. It was the combined efforts of conservation and changes to the regional climate which turned things around.
【答案】5.has→had 6.reason→reasons 7.which→that
【解析】5.考查生态。句意:自20世纪50年代以来,由于人类活动等多种原因,该湖泊一直在缩小。根据第一段的“Qinghai Lake has seen it largest water areas since 2004”可知,自2004年以来,随着降雨的增加和生态保护的改善,青海湖的水域面积达到了最大,自20世纪50年代以来到2004年,该湖泊一直在缩小,因此时态应用过去完成进行时,即had been doing,故将has改为had。
6.考查名词复数。句意:自20世纪50年代以来,由于人类活动等多种原因,该湖泊一直在缩小。multiple后应用复数reasons,故将reason改为reasons。
7.考查强调句。句意:正是保护和改变区域气候的共同努力,才扭转了局面。根据It was和句意可知,句子是强调句,结构是“it is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其他部分”,句中被强调的是“the combined efforts of conservation and changes to the regional climate”,因此用that,故将which改为that。
11. (2022·陕西·长安一中模拟预测短文改错)This was just WeChat’s first move invite more global celebrities, said Zhu Liqun, which leads the marketing department.
【答案】1. invite 前加 to 2. which→who
【解析】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意:市场部负责人朱立群表示,这只是微信邀请更多全球名人的第一步。名词move前有序数词first进行修饰,所以invite应用其不定式形式作后置定语。故在invite前加上to。
2. 考查定语从句。句意:市场部负责人朱立群表示,这只是微信邀请更多全球名人的第一步。分析句子,非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Zhu Liqun,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将which改为who。
12.(2022·河南·鹤壁高中模拟预测短文改错)The lady was 91-year-old Pamela Youde whose husband was the late Sir Edward Youde, which served as the governor of Hong Kong between 1982 and in 1986.
【答案】5.which→who 6.去掉and后的in
【解析】 5.考查定语从句。句意:这位女士是91岁的尤德夫人,她的丈夫是已故的尤德爵士,他在1982年至1986年期间担任香港总督。分析句子可知,“which served as the governor of Hong Kong between 1982 and in 1986”是定语从句,修饰 the late Sir Edward Youde,指人,从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词who,故将which改为who。
6.考查介词。句意:这位女士是91岁的尤德夫人,她的丈夫是已故的尤德爵士,他在1982年至1986年期间担任香港总督。between…and…“在……之间”,是固定短语,故去掉and后的in。
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