2022高三高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编:专题03非谓语动词
展开专题03 非谓语动词&交际用语
一、2022年高考真题
- (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
...
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
61.【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
69.【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
70.【答案】planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。
- (2022年全国甲卷短文改错)I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late.
【详解】
5.【答案】talk前面加to
【解析】考查短语。句意:我不愿意和他交谈,经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定。be willing to do意思为:愿意做,为固定短语。故在talk前面加to。
6.【答案】stay→staying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词,后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故将stay改为staying。
- (2022年全国乙卷语法填空)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address)the opening ceremony. "... It can help to build a community with a 66 (share)future for mankind," he said.
68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
- addressed 【解析】考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
66. shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
68. To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69. inviting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
3. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)Whether you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution.
4.【答案】Whether → If 或Whether → When
【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意:当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知,该句阐述的是一个事实,需用if或when引导;位于句首,注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。
5.【答案】they → you
【解析】考查代词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知,这里假设“你”骑自行车,前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。
6.【答案】cause → causing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时,连词and连接两个并列的现在分词,构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。
- (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). __56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
56.【答案】Covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中以及有一谓语动词作非谓语“will be”,且无连词,动词cover需要用非谓语的形式。cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。本句句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。故填Covering。
57.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。本句的结构为:倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length ...)+of B,表示“是B(大小/重量/长度...)的多少倍。本句句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。故填the。
58.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护,所以要用一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。
59.【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中已经有一个谓语动词“will extend”,剩下的这个“increase”作非谓语,由句意可知,increase在此处表示目的,应用动词的不定式的形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。故填to increase。
二、2022届模拟题
1.(2022·河南新乡·二模语法填空)The first creature ____31____ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika.She was a good dog. ...
Our first steps into space began. Laika ____37____(follow) into orbit four years later by the first human,Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin. ...That hasn’t stopped people from signing up and blasting off. NASA’s Apollo program had ended____39____private companies are readying their own space programs. A company______40______(name) SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars. Maybe you’ll be a member of them. Don’t forget to bring your dog.
31.【答案】to orbit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第一个绕地球运行的生物才两岁。动词的修饰名词或代词前面有序数词、形容词最高级时,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to orbit。
37.【答案】was followed
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:莱卡进入太空四年后,第一个人类尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·加加林(Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin)也被送入轨道。分析句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词;根据文意,此处要用一般过去时;句子主语Laika与所填动词follow之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was followed。
39.【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意:美国宇航局的阿波罗计划已经结束,但是私人公司正在为他们自己的太空计划做准备。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填连词;根据句意,空格前后句有转折关系。故填but。
40.【答案】named
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一家名为SpaceX的公司希望将平民宇航员送上火星。分析句子结构可知,空格处要填非谓语动词,在句中作定语,修饰前面的名词SpaceX;所填词name与该名词之间是被动的关系,应用过去分词,意为“被称作”。故填named。
2.(2022·山东·模拟预测语法填空) ___7___(aim) to recall tradition, the design team applied the ___8___ (pattern), colors, and techniques of Yi's culture ___9___ their contemporary fashion design, including T-shirts, jackets, shirts and other essentials.
【答案】7.aiming 8.patterns 9.to
【解析】7.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了唤起传统,设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中,包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。the design team与aim之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,作状语,表主动,故填Aiming。
8.考查名词复数。句意:为了唤起传统,设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中,包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。pattern在此为可数名词,且与colors和techniques并列,应用名词复数形式,故填patterns。
9.考查介词。句意:为了唤起传统,设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中,包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。apply… to…是固定搭配,表示“将……应用于……”。故填to。
3.(2022·广东梅州·一模语法填空)While I was concentrated on photographing this ____4____ (amaze) thing, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched....
My legs started shaking. Somehow I forced my finger ____8____ (press) the button.
【答案】4.amazing 8.to press
【解析】4.考查形容词。句意:当我集中精力拍摄这一惊人的事情时,我突然有一种被监视的感觉。根据后文名词thing可知,此处应用amaze以ing结尾的形容词,作定语,修饰事物。故填amazing。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:不知怎么的,我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。force sb/sth to do sth“强迫某人或某物干某事”是固定句式,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to press。
4.(2022·福建省福州第一中学三模)It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales ___2___ (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan.
___3___ (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume. But others said clothing with fancy and modern decorations can’t be seen as hanfu at all.
【答案】2.expected
3.To satisfy
【解析】2.考查非谓语动词。句意:据估计,到今年年底,全国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万人,总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。名词total sales与动词expect是被动关系,所以用动词过去分词作宾语补足语。故填expected。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了满足当今年轻人多样化的口味,卖家们在这身古装上添加了花哨的装饰。分析句意可知,这里是表目的用,所以不定式结构,表示“为了”。故填To satisfy。
5.(2022·湖南·二模语法填空)In this city, there is the Pu'er Monument to the National Unity Oath, known as "the No. 1 Monument of New China for National Unity", Menglian Xuanfusi Department ___14___(reflect) the history and culture of the Dai nationality, and a batch of national dances and songs enjoying great ___15___(popular) including "Troth Plighting" and "Awa People Sing New Songs".
【答案】 14.reflecting 15.popularity
【解析】14.考查非谓语动词。句意:在这座城市里,有被称为“新中国民族团结第一纪念碑”的普洱民族团结誓词纪念碑,反映傣族历史文化的孟连宣福寺,以及一批深受欢迎的民族歌舞,包括《长跑》和《阿华人唱新歌》。Menglian Xuanfusi Department与reflect在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词,作状语。 故填reflecting。
15.考查名词。enjoy后接名词popularity作宾语。故填popularity。
6.(2022·广东梅州·二模语法填空)In recent years, “Made in China” has ____22____ (increasing) been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture ____23____ (offer) by homegrown Chinese brands, or simply “China -Chic.”
...
The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly ____28____(turn) the collections into best sellers.
【答案】22.increasingly 23.offered 28. turning
【解析】22.考查副词。句意:近年来,“中国制造”越来越被认为是中国本土品牌提供的中国文化的代表,或简称为“中国风”。空格处用副词修饰动词recognized,increasing的副词是increasingly,意为“越来越多地”,故填increasingly。
23.考查过去分词。句中谓语是“has_____ (increasing) been recognized”,空格处用非谓语动词,由by可知,空格处用过去分词offered表被动,故填offered。
28.考查现在分词。句意:引人注目的色彩和风格创造了许多人从未见过的视觉盛宴,迅速将这些系列变成畅销书。句中谓语是created,空格处用非谓语动词,前面描述的事情和turn之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词turning表主动,故填turning。
7.(2022·甘肃兰州·一模语法填空)China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability___31___ (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said.
According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the___34___(high) number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks___35___(relate) to COVID-19.
【答案】31. to reduce 34. highest 35. related
【解析】31.考查动词不定式。句意:这一知识能帮助很多国家来提升他们减少食物损失的能力,并且能确保食物安全。此处做the ability的定语,“做某事的能力”表达为the ability to do sth.,应用动词不定式做定语,故填to reduce。
34.考查形容词最高级。句意:根据FAO,超过15亿5000万人在2020年经历了严重的食物不安全问题,是过去五年内最高值。根据此空前定冠词the可知,此处表示“近五年来最高值”,故应用形容词最高级,故填highest。
35.考查过去分词作后置定语。句意:这是由冲突、极端气候和与新冠相关的经济冲击引起的。此处做economic shocks的定语,economic shocks与relate之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词作后置定语,故填related。
8.(2022·陕西·宝鸡市渭滨区教研室模拟预测语法填空)You are in the car on the way to work. You’re a little nervous, ___41___(fear ) that you might be late.
...
In the early 20th century, Henry Ford, the founder of the Henry Ford Motor Company, probably never imagined ___46___ his production system would mean to the world. While he hoped to make automobiles___47___(access) to the average Americans, he likely never dreamed the world ___48___ (reach) the point it has today. There are over one billion automobiles in our world now.
【答案】41. fearing 47. accessible 48. to reach
【解析】41.考查非谓语动词。句意:你有点紧张,害怕迟到。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语,You与fear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词表主动,故填fearing。
46.考查宾语从句。句意:20世纪初,亨利·福特汽车公司的创始人亨利·福特可能从未想过他的生产系统对世界意味着什么。此处为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指物,故填what。
47.考查形容词。句意:虽然他希望让普通美国人可以使用汽车,但他可能从未想到世界能达到今天的程度。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,用形容词accessible作宾语补足语,故填accessible。
48.考查不定式。句意同上,dream sb to do梦想到某人会做某事,不定式作宾语补足语,故填to reach。
9.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模语法填空)Nina Mistry has turned 30 and her life is not where she wants it to be. She is not happy with her job as ____1____ journalist and has grown apart from her friends and colleagues. She has no choice ____2____ to live with her parents. Suddenly it seems to ____3____ ( they) that Nina has become an ____4____ (extreme) unhappy teenager who lacks direction rather than an adult living her own life. ____5____ (see) their aimless daughter every day, they are very disappointed.
Then Nina runs across a self help book, 30 Things I Love About Myself, ____6____ (write) by Radhika Sanghani. The book has inspired Nina ____7____ ( spend) the next year trying to become her own biggest fan and writing about the ____8____ (thirtieth) things that she is truly proud about herself.
1.考查冠词。句意:作为一名记者,她对自己的工作不满意,与朋友和同事之间的距离也越来越远。根据句型分析可知,journalist前需要加冠词,且表泛指概念。故填a。
2.考查连词。句意:她别无选择,只能和父母住在一起。此句考查have no choice but to do 表“别无选择除了做……”,为固定句型。故填but。
3.考查代词。句意:在他们看来,Nina突然变成了一个极度不快乐的青少年,她缺乏方向,而不是一个过着自己生活的成年人。此处考查it seems to sb. that表“在某人看来”,为固定句型,其中sb应用宾格人称代词形式。故填them。
4.考查副词。句意见上题解析。由空后的“unhappy”可知,此空应填副词修饰后面形容词。故填extremely。
5.考查非谓语。句意:每天看到漫无目的的女儿,他们都很失望。根据句型分析可知,此空应填非谓语结构形式,且they和see为主动关系,故应填现在分词作状语。故填Seeing。
6.考查非谓语。句意:然后Nina偶然发现了一本由拉迪卡·桑哈尼(Radhika Sanghani)写的自助书《我爱自己的30件事》。根据句型分析可知,此空应填非谓语结构形式,且 book和write为被动关系,故应填过去分词作状语。故填written。
7.考查非谓语。句意:这本书激励Nina在接下来的一年里努力成为自己最大的粉丝,并写下她真正为自己感到自豪的30件事。此处考查inspire sb. to do sth.表“鼓舞某人做某事”,为固定短语搭配。故填to spend。
8.考查数词。句意见上题解析。根据此空后面的名词复数结构形式things可知,前面应用基数词。故填thirty。
9.考查名词。句意:写作计划并不容易,但她的读者跟随她踏上了自我接纳和自信的征程。根据句型分析可知,此空应和and前 self- acceptance为并列关系,故应填名词结构形式,且confidence为不可数名词。故填confidence。
10.考查连词。句意:当Nina发现自己真正想要的生活时,她的成长也引发了父母和周围其他人的变化。根据句型分析可知,这句是宾语从句,且从句中缺宾语,指代物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
10.(2021·四川·成都外国语学校模拟预测短文改错)She shouted that two children in the deeper water appeared to being in danger. ... After rescuing them, my father was very tiring, but when interviewed, he said what he did was real normal.
【答案】1.being → be。 2.tiring → tired。 3.real → really。
【解析】1.考查非谓语动词。句意:她大喊着两个深水区的孩子好像有危险。这里appear后跟不定式,appear to do/be意为“好像……”,being应改为原形be。故把being 改为 be。
2.考查形容词化的分词。句意:救下他们后,我父亲累得不行。此处形容词作表语,描述主语my father的感受,应该用-ed形式的形容词。故把tiring 改为 tired。
3.考查副词。句意:但在接受采访时,他说自己做的事情没什么。此处修饰形容词normal,应使用副词really。故把real 改为 really。
11.(2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所二模短文改错)I like surfing the Internet and do sports.
【答案】 do→doing
【解析】 考查动名词。句意:我喜欢上网冲浪和做运动。短语like doing sth.,表示“喜欢做某事”。and连接的并列成分的词形词性需一致,故此处应填动名词doing作宾语,故将do改为doing
12.(2022·安徽马鞍山·一模短文改错)It offered us a chance to get close to nature,and made us know the importance of protect the environment.
【答案】1.protect→protecting
【解析】考查动名词。句意:它为我们提供了一个接近自然的机会,让我们知道了保护环境的重要性。of为介词后接动名词作宾语。故将protect改为protecting。
13.(2022·新疆师范大学附属中学一模短文改错)One summer day, my father and I was walking our dog through our neighborhood. Half an hour later on, our dog became thirsty. We have to cut our walk short to go home and get it a drink. That's when we got the idea to build the water station in our front yard for the neighborhood dogs to using. 【答案】1. was→were 2. 删掉on 3. have→had 4. the→a 5. using→use
【解析】1.考查主谓一致。句意:一个夏天的一天,我和父亲在小区里遛狗。my father and I作主语,谓语动词用复数。故将was改为were。
2.考查介词。句意:半小时后,我们的狗渴了。我们得赶紧回家去拿杯喝的。later on是副词,意思是“较晚地”“后来”,常用于书面语中。later常与一个表示具体时间的名词连用,指从过去或将来某一时间算起的“......后”“......之后”“过了......”。故删掉on。
3.考查时态。句意:我们得赶紧回家去拿杯喝的。由上文前两句可知,这是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故将have改为had。
4.考查冠词。句意:就在那时,我们萌生了在自家前院建水站的想法,供邻居的狗使用。名词短语“water station”是第一次出现在文中,station是可数名词,“water station”在此处表示泛指,且water是辅音音素开头的单词,用a来修饰。故将the 改为a。
5.考查不定式。句意:就在那时,我们萌生了在自家前院建水站的想法,供邻居的狗使用。to do在此处作目的状语,故将using改为use。
14.(2022·四川·绵阳中学模拟预测短文改错)Before the holiday, I thought about doing something meaningfully. Suddenly, I remembered that there was a lot of primary school students putting up small shops and sell red bags on the street last Spring Festival.
【答案】1.meaningfully → meaningful 2.was → were 3.sell → selling
【解析】1.考查形容词。句意:在放假之前,我就打算做一些有意义的事情。形容词修饰不定代词something 时要置于其后,作后置定语。故将meaningfully 改为 meaningful。
2.考查主谓一致。句意:突然我想起去年春节时在街边有许多小学生建起了小商店卖红色的书包。宾语从句是there be句式,主语是 a lot of primary school students,再联系主句的谓语remembered 可知此处用were。故将was 改为 were。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:突然我想起去年春节时在街边有许多小学生建起了小商店卖红色的书包。动词sell 与students 是逻辑上的主谓关系,与putting并列作后置定语,修饰 students。故将sell 改为 selling。
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