2022届北京市朝阳区高三下学期质量检测二英语试题-

这是一份2022届北京市朝阳区高三下学期质量检测二英语试题-，共25页。试卷主要包含了请将答案正确填写在答题卡上等内容，欢迎下载使用。
绝密★启用前2022届北京市朝阳区高三下学期质量检测二英语试题试卷副标题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx题号一二三四五六总分得分       注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）请点击修改第I卷的文字说明评卷人得分  一、完形填空Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their ____1____ chip bags rather than throw them away, so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England____2____ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook. ____3____, she decided to use that video as a blueprint to start the Chip Bag Project.Oleita and her volunteers get chip bags of all brands and sizes. After cleaning them in soapy hot water, they ____4____ them open, lay them flat and iron them together. They use the material from old coats to ____5____ the insides. Each sleeping bag requires 150 chip bags and takes around four hours to complete.Since 2020, the project has ____6____ more than 800, 000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to ____7____ money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s not enough. “We are committed to providing ____8____ for those in need, making an impact not only socially, but environmentally, ” Oleita says.And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would ____9____ land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time to show_____10_____ between all of these issues. ”1．A．clean B．special C．empty D．new2．A．showing B．asking C．sending D．observing3．A．Astonished B．Inspired C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed4．A．push B．slice C．knock D．swing5．A．decorate B．match C．adjust D．cover6．A．purchased B．sold C．collected D．produced7．A．raise B．borrow C．earn D．save8．A．relaxation B．innovation C．instruction D．relief9．A．still B．almost C．hardly D．otherwise10．A．conflicts B．similarities C．connections D．distinctions第II卷（非选择题）请点击修改第II卷的文字说明评卷人得分  二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Years ago, I was in Manhattan to visit my brother. Stopping at a pay phone to call him, I reached into my wallet for a piece of paper with his number on it. Later, when I got to my brother’s place, he told me a woman just called him, saying she ___11___ （find） a wallet. But she didn’t find anything___12___ could show the owner’s identification but the phone number inside. Knowing she ___13___（wait） at a bar near the pay phone, I hurried over and found my hero. “May I buy you a drink?” I asked. “No, thanks, ” she said, handing me my wallet.阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。We know that ___14___（get） some fresh air can be a mood lifter, but now a German study gives us insight into why. When researchers examined participants’ brains, they discovered that those who spent more time outside had a larger volume of gray matter in the right prefrontal cortex-the area involved in planning thoughts and actions. Of course, getting outside could do more good than a mood shift ___15___ earlier studies have found that less prefrontal gray matter is linked to depression. Therefore, make it a goal ___16___（spend） at least one hour outside every day.阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A new study, ___17___ (lead) by Wellesley Centers, found that joining social media before age 11 was significantly related to more “problematic digital behaviors”, compared to those who joined the platforms when they were older. Kids who joined social media before age 11 seemed ___18___(easily) distracted and more unsympathetic. However, they showed greater engagement within the online community. The good news is that parents play an active role and kids showed lessened negative effects ___19___ parental controls. With strong effects of the Internet, we can expect that the need to understand ___20___technology shapes kids in their young ages will become more urgent.评卷人得分  三、阅读理解Summer of KidsPost 2022 continues with our readers sharing their summer vacation adventures. This week’s edition features national parks and an old railroad tunnel（隧道）.Moubon Kurukumbi, 13, and Masoom Kurukumbi, 10, of Fairfax visited Washington state. They hiked in three national parks: North Cascades, Mount Rainier and Olympic National Park. While on Hurricane Ridge Mountain in Olympic National Park, Moubon and Masoom were approached by several black-tailed deer.Nathan Howard, 8, of Ashburn visited the Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. Nathan hiked, played in streams and saw two bears. He is a junior ranger and wants to be a ranger to look after the Smoky Mountains National Park when he grows up.Bella Lamb, 13, Ari Lamb, 8, of Virginia Beach, and Violet Lamb, 9, of Centreville visited the Claudius Crozet Blue Ridge Tunnel in Rockfish Gap, Virginia. The historic railroad tunnel was built in the 1850s. They walked through the tunnel with flashlights while enjoying the cooler temperatures.We expect more of our readers to include us in their summer vacations, so take a page of KidsPost and share the fun. We’ll feature a selection of readers’ photos in the print KidsPost and on kidspost.com this summer. In September, three randomly selected participants will receive books and KidsPost presents. Here are the rules:·Get a recent copy of the printed KidsPost or print out a page online (wapo.st/kidspost2022PDF). Take it on your vacation.·Get someone to take a photo of you-and brothers, sisters or other family members- holding KidsPost. Make sure at least one person in the photo is between the ages of 5 and 13.·Have a parent fill out the entry form at wapo.st/summerofkidspost2022 and attach your photo. List the full name, age and hometown of everyone in the photo and explain where you are and what’s going on.·Families can submit only one photo, and it must have been taken after May 23, 2022. Entries are due by September 1.For more information, please visit kidspost@washpost.com.21．From the passage we know that ________.A．Bella and Ari hiked in three national parksB．Violet saw black-tailed deer in Olympic National ParkC．Moubon and Masoom walked through an old railroad tunnelD．Nathan spotted bears at the Smoky Mountains National Park22．If kids want to get a chance of receiving books and presents, they need to ________.A．fill out the paper entry formB．take e-KidsPost on their vacationC．submit the entries before May 23, 2022D．send a photo of themselves holding KidsPost23．Why does KidsPost hold the summer adventure sharing activity?A．To fuel kids’ passion for photography.B．To inspire a sense of adventure in kids.C．To attract more kids’ attention to the newspaper.D．To recommend tourist destinations for kids’ vacation.HarvestTabby walked on her way to school. She felt a sense of anticipation because this year she would be one of the graduates being honored at the town festival.These days, she was waiting to hear back about an admission application she sent to her top- choice college. It had the program that she was most excited about. Today she stayed late at school to get feedback on another college essay from Ms. Mueller, her high school teacher. Ms. Mueller told Tabby that her essay was very moving and that she knew Tabby would miss her hometown, but her degree would be worth it. Tabby responded gratefully.On the way home, the sight of the festival decorations made her feel guilty. She knew that most of her classmates could happily enjoy the festival knowing that they would be going on to do exactly what was expected of them-carrying on the town’s traditions by staying close to family and farm. Spending many years at a large university in a city somewhere far from home wasn’t supposed to be part of their plan.When Tabby got home, her family was preparing packages with homemade cookies to sell at the festival.“Let’s make an assembly line(流水线), ”said Tabby.“Always trying to improve the process, aren’t you?” her brother laughed. Tabby knew what he was referring to. Last summer, Tabby discovered a technique for improving grain storage without costly equipment, which was adopted by local farmers.After completing packing, Tabby went to her room. On her bed, she saw a large envelope from the college she was waiting to hear from. She had been accepted into the famous college-the one with the world-renowned agricultural science program!The first person Tabby shared the news with was her grandfather. He gave her a big hug. “I guess my scientist girl still has farming in the blood, ” he said. “Yes! And I will come back and do some research right here in a few years, ” she said. “Well, this old farm could certainly use some improvements! I’m proud of you, Tabby!” he said.24．Why did Tabby stay late at school?A．To get advice on her college essay.B．To say goodbye to her teacher.C．To express her thanks to her high school.D．To wait for her admission letter.25．Tabby felt guilty because she ________ .A．failed to live up to her teacher’s expectationsB．skipped out on helping set up the decorationsC．planned on leaving to pursue a higher educationD．could not assist her classmates to get into college26．According to the passage, Tabby will probably ________.A．contribute to the farming in her hometownB．choose a famous college close to her homeC．adopt her grandfather’s advice to be a scientistD．apply her knowledge to college agriculture projectsMillions of migratory(迁徙的)birds occupy seasonally favorable breeding(繁殖)grounds in the Arctic, but scientists know little about the formation, maintenance and future of the migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distance. In a new study, a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state-of-the-art techniques-satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing(基因排序)-and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons in Eurasian Arctic.The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcons from six Eurasian Arctic breeding populations and sequenced 35 genomes from four of these populations to study the migration of this species. They found that the birds used five migration routes across Eurasia, probably established between the last Ice Age 22, 000 years ago and the middle-Holocene 6, 000 years ago. “Peregrine falcons initiated their autumn migration mainly in September, and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in October, " said Professor Mike Bruford, an ecologist at Cardiff University. “Peregrine falcons that depart from different breeding grounds use different routes, and winter at widely distributed sites across four distinct regions. Individual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration, complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal(扩散). ”The researchers quantified the migration strategies and found that migration distance is the most significant differentiation. They used whole genome sequencing and found a gene-ADCY8, which is known to be involved in long-term memory in other animals in previous research- associated with differences in migratory distance. They found ADCY8 had a variant at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance migration.“Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration-but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified, ”Professor Bruford said. The researchers further looked at models of likely future migration behavior to predict the impact of global warming. If the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades, they predict peregrine populations in western Eurasia have the highest probability of population decline and may stop migrating altogether.“Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds, ” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world. ”27．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A．Five birds’ historical migration routes were rebuilt.B．Peregrine falcons stick to the areas where they winter.C．Two novel research methods of migration were invented.D．Peregrine falcons leave for Arctic regions in September.28．What can we infer about ADCY8?A．It is a newly-discovered gene in the new study.B．It serves as a fundamental part of long-distance migration.C．It could be strengthened by the power of long-term memory.D．It turned out to be more favored by birds than the other animals.29．What is special about the new study?A．It has discovered a new genomic region of birds.B．It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms.C．It analyses the reasons for the decrease of peregrine falcons.D．It encourages attention to environmental effects on migratory birds.30．Which would be the best title for this passage?A．Researchers Help Conserve Migratory SpeciesB．Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in BirdsC．How Long-term Memory Helps Long-distance MigrationD．How Ecological Factors Affect Birds’ Migratory DistancesOne of the great things about pictures is that they make no demands on you. You can look as long as you like and walk away at any time. There's a freedom in the arrangement that's different from going to the movies, concerts or the theater. Occasionally, people always say they feel intimidated by art. On the one hand, I get it. Some in the art world, wanting to establish their authority, fall back on abstractions to create a zone of exclusion. It can be insufferable. But on the other hand, what field doesn't see a version of this phenomenon? Have you tried understanding cellular biology? Contract law? In my experience, there is less of this complex talk around art than around most other fields.Art is a wide field. It's deep. It's diverse. You can come at the subject from countless angles. People seem to have been making art since the beginning, so the subject is an inseparable part of the whole history of humanity. So yes, things can get complicated. But, in the end, we're talking about pictures and sculptures. How hard is it to look at a painting? How difficult is it to walk around a sculpture? Children get it immediately. They know there's no right or wrong when it comes to looking at art. There are just things to notice, to test against our imperfect sense of the truth, and to fold into our various conceptions of beauty. Things we notice may cause feelings. They may lead to ideas. They might equally provide a release from ideas-a release into wonder, and into new kinds of awareness connected to your body, your senses, and your general state of existential confusion. What I notice will be different from what you notice. That's how it goes with art.More than the political or economic conditions of any given era, it is art that later generations most want to remember. We remember Picasso and Matisse with more love than General Francisco Franco or Marshall Petain. And we remember the Beatles and Francis Bacon over the chief ministers of Britain in the 1960s. That's because the arts-and I define the term as broadly as possible-reveal the best of us. It's because they combine the most intelligent and the most feeling of us. They testify, most fundamentally, to the fact that we're alive, that people lived before us, that as a species we're capable of making the most extraordinary things, and that human consciousness and the world beyond it are nothing short of astonishing.Again and again, art expresses that astonishment-that mixture of wonder and disappointment, knowing and unknowing, pleasure and pain, joy and fear.31．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Misled. B．Inspired. C．Frightened. D．Attracted.32．What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?A．Art is complicated but easy.B．Art is as complex as other fields.C．Art is insufferable due to its abstraction.D．Art is an inseparable part of human history.33．Why does the author mention several famous people in Paragraph 3?A．To emphasize artists are more adorable.B．To illustrate the superior position of art.C．To show art can spread in a broader area.D．To compare political and artistic figures.34．According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.A．abstract concepts can block humans' insightsB．art is a combination of unsettled contradictionsC．humans should try to perfect their thoughts of beautyD．the appeal of art lies in its reflection of the best of man评卷人得分  四、七选五In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties-even at a distance-is essential for both mental and physical health.____35____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance.____36____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions(such as phone calls)can produce stronger connections, text- based media(such as e-mails)are often preferred.We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____37____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating.____38____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection.Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard.____39____A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life.E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing.F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance?G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.评卷人得分  五、阅读表达阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Don’t put your elbows(肘) on the table. The soup spoon should never be put into the mouth. These are some of the examples of table manners. They show the way people behave while eating a meal. Actually, every family follows table manners in its own way. Even in families where no one mentions elbows, there are always behaviours taking effect when sharing meals.Interestingly, different cultures have different thoughts on table manners-elbows on the table, for example, is very British. Some countries think burping(打嗝) after a meal is a sign that it was delicious. While it is important to keep silent while eating, in some areas it is actually as important to keep up the tradition of eating at the table as a family, with conversations and no mobile phones.Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot. Few will want an ill-mannered person in their workplace, or social circle, and this is as relevant today as it was hundreds of years ago.While globalization has led to the intermixing of cultures, the essence of table manners remains. “I was brought up to have table manners,” says celebrated chef Tony Tan, who grew up in Malaysia, eating Indian, Chinese and Malay cuisines with chopsticks, hands, spoon and fork. Tan, who went on to train as a chef in Paris and London, is an expert in Asian cuisines from Cantonese to Malaysian, which he teaches at his school in country Victoria-but the etiquette(礼节), particularly of his Chinese tradition, has remained. He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. When people don’t do that anymore, they lack manners and they lack good upbringing. ”40．What are table manners?41．Why are table manners important?42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after they get permission from the elders.43．Apart from the rules mentioned in the passage, what other table manners do you have in your home? （In about 40 words）评卷人得分  六、申请信44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你在学校网站上看到国际部将举办“低碳生活方式”推广活动，正在招募活动宣传大使，请你用英语给相关负责人写一封自荐信，内容包括：1. 说明对低碳生活的认识；2. 介绍个人优势。提示词：宣传大使 ambassador注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。Dear Sir/Madam,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua
参考答案：1．C2．A3．B4．B5．D6．C7．A8．D9．D10．C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个美国女孩开展“薯片袋项目”，收集空的薯片袋做成睡袋，同时帮助解决垃圾和贫困的问题。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她鼓励零食爱好者捐赠他们的空薯片袋，而不是把它们扔掉，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。A. clean干净的；B. special特别的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根据下文“rather than throw them away”和常识可知，捐赠的是空薯片袋。故选C。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，奥莱塔在Facebook上遇到了一位向观众展示如何将薯片袋组合成睡袋的英国女士，于是她产生了这个想法。A. showing展示；B. asking问；C. sending派送；D. observing观察。根据下文“how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook.”可知，一位英国女士在Facebook上展示如何将薯片袋组合成睡袋。故选A。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到启发，她决定以这段视频为蓝本，启动薯片袋项目。A. Astonished惊讶的；B. Inspired受到启发的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“The idea came to Oleita two years ago when she came across a woman in England____2____ viewers how to put chip bags together to make sleeping bags on Facebook.”可知，奥莱塔受到英国女士将薯片袋组合成睡袋的启发。故选B。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在含肥皂的热水中清洗后，他们把它们切开，平放，然后熨烫在一起。A. push推；B. slice切开；C. knock敲；D. swing摇摆。根据下文“them open, lay them flat”可知，奥莱塔将各种薯片袋切开，再熨平。故选B。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们使用旧外套的材料来覆盖内部。A. decorate装饰；B. match相配；C. adjust调整；D. cover覆盖。根据上文“They use the material from old coats”可知，使用旧外套的材料来覆盖薯片袋内部。故选D。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年以来，该项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。A. purchased购买；B. sold卖；C. collected收集；D. produced生产。根据上文“She is encouraging snack lovers to donate their ____1____ chip bags rather than throw them away,”可知，该项目收集薯片袋制作睡袋。故选C。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，筹集资金购买新的睡袋会更简单。A. raise筹集；B. borrow借；C. earn赚得；D. save保存。根据下文“buy new sleeping bags”可知，这里指筹集资金购买新的睡袋。故选A。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥莱塔说：“我们致力于为有需要的人提供救济，不仅在社会上产生影响，而且在环境上产生影响。”A. relaxation消遣；B. innovation创新；C. instruction指令；D. relief救济。根据文章首句“Oleita, a 26-year-old environmentalist from Detroit, thinks she may have a partial solution for two problems: garbage and poverty.”可知，该项目为贫困的人提供救济。故选D。9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，还有回收袋的象征意义，否则它们会被扔进垃圾桶，用它们来帮助无家可归的人。A. still仍然；B. almost几乎；C. hardly几乎不；D. otherwise否则。根据上文“there’s the symbolism of recycling bags”和常识可知，薯片袋不回收，否则就会被扔进垃圾桶。故选D。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如奥莱塔所说：“我认为是时候展示所有这些问题之间的联系了。”A. conflicts冲突；B. similarities相似；C. connections联系；D. distinctions区分。根据上文“It’s a powerful reminder that pollution and poverty often go hand in hand.”可知，污染和贫困之间是相联系的。故选C。11．had found12．that13．was waiting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去曼哈顿看望哥哥，不慎将钱包丢失。幸亏一位女士发现钱包并设法找到作者，作者想表示感谢，但女士拒绝了。11．考查时态。句意：后来，当我到我哥哥家时，他告诉我刚刚有个女人打电话给他，说她发现了一个钱包。从句的时态发生在主句动作told之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填had found。12．考查时态。句意：但除了里面的电话号码，她没有找到任何能显示失主身份的东西。句中先行词为不定代词anything，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填that。13．考查时态。句意：我知道她正在公用电话旁的酒吧等着我，就赶紧过去，找到了我心目中的英雄。结合句意可知，表示过去正在做某事，所以用过去进行时。故填was waiting。14．getting15．because16．to spend【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现呼吸新鲜空气能让人心情舒畅的原因。14．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都知道呼吸新鲜空气能让人心情舒畅，但现在德国的一项研究让我们了解了其中的原因。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填getting。15．考查连词。句意：当然，外出可能比情绪转变更有益，因为早些时候的研究发现，前额叶灰质较少与抑郁有关。根据“getting outside could do more good than a mood shift”可知，后句解释“外出可能比情绪转变更有益”的原因，所以用连词because。故填because。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，把每天至少花一个小时在户外作为一个目标。句子it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式。故填to spend。17．led18．more easily19．on20．how【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。一项新研究发现，与年龄较大时加入社交媒体的人相比，11岁前加入社交媒体的人与更多“有问题的数字行为”有显著关联。父母发挥积极的作用帮助了解技术如何在孩子的年轻时期塑造他们的需求将变得更加迫切。17． 考查非谓语动词。句意：韦尔斯利中心(Wellesley Centers)领导的一项新研究发现，与年龄较大时加入社交媒体的人相比，11岁前加入社交媒体的人与更多“有问题的数字行为”有显著关联。分析句子可知，found是谓语动词，领导是非谓语动词。研究和领导是被动关系，用过去分词，故填led。18． 考查副词比较级。句意：11岁之前加入社交媒体的孩子似乎更容易分心，也更缺乏同情心。根据and后面的more unsympathetic可知，前面也用比较级，副词修饰形容词，用副词比较级。故填more easily。19．考查介词。句意：好消息是，父母发挥了积极的作用，孩子对父母控制的负面影响减少了。“对……的影响”使用固定结构effects on。故填 on。20．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：随着互联网的强大影响，我们可以预期，了解技术如何在孩子的年轻时期塑造他们的需求将变得更加迫切。动词后是宾语从句，宾语从句中用how表示“如何”，理解技术怎样塑造孩子。故填how。21．D22．B23．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述Summer of KidsPost 2022报纸的本周期刊的内容以及邀请更多的读者加入到报纸的活动中。21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nathan Howard, 8, of Ashburn visited the Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. Nathan hiked, played in streams and saw two bears.”（来自阿什伯恩的8岁男孩内森·霍华德参观了位于北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州的斯莫基山国家公园。内森徒步旅行，在小溪中玩耍，还看到了两只熊。）可知，内森在斯莫基山国家公园发现了熊。故选D项。22．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Get a recent copy of the printed KidsPost or print out a page online （wapo.st/kidspost2022PDF）. Take it on your vacation.”（获取一份最新打印的kidspost2022PDF或在线打印一页(wapo.st/kidspost2022PDF)。 带着它去度假。）可知，如果想要获得奖品，孩子们必须带着报纸去旅行。故选B项。23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Summer of KidsPost 2022 continues with our readers sharing their summer vacation adventures.”（KidsPost 2022之夏刊继续与我们的读者分享他们的暑假冒险。）以及“We expect more of our readers to include us in their summer vacations, so take a page of KidsPost and share the fun.”（我们希望有更多的读者在他们的暑假里阅读我们。所以请在kidpost上找一个页面，分享乐趣。），同时，该报纸又通过赠送刊物的方式激励读者们带着报纸去旅行。因此，可以判断KidsPost 2022举办该活动的目的是吸引更多的小读者阅读该报纸。故选C项。24．A25．C26．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tabby学业成绩很优秀，但她感到很内疚，因为她将不得不离开家庭和农场。不过所幸是，她被一所世界著名大学的农业科学专业所录取，将继续为家乡的农业做出了贡献。24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today she stayed late at school to get feedback on another college essay from Ms. Mueller, her high school teacher.(今天，她在学校待到很晚，以便从高中老师Mueller那里得到另一篇大学论文的反馈。)”可知，Tabby在学校呆得很晚，为她的大学论文征求意见。故选A。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“Spending many years at a large university in a city somewhere far from home wasn’t supposed to be part of their plan. (在离家很远的城市里的一所大学里呆上多年，这本来不应该是他们计划的一部分。)”可推断，Tabby感到很内疚，是因为她打算离开去追求更高的教育。故选C。26．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I guess my scientist girl still has farming in the blood, ” he said. “Yes! And I will come back and do some research right here in a few years, ” she said. “Well, this old farm could certainly use some improvements! I’m proud of you, Tabby!” he said. (他说：“我想，我那位科学家女孩的血液里仍然流淌着农业的血液。”“是啊!几年后我还会回来，在这里做一些研究。”“嗯，这个老农场确实需要一些改进!”我为你骄傲，Tabby!”他说。)”可推断，Tabby很可能会为家乡的农业做出贡献。故选A。27．B28．B29．D30．B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学发现，研究表明，全球变暖对于长途迁徙的鸟类有很大的影响。27．细节理解题。根据第二段“Individual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration, complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal(扩散).(追踪超过一年的单个鸟类在迁徙过程中表现出很强的路径重复性，对越冬地点完全忠诚，并限制繁殖扩散。”)”可知，它们对自己的越冬地点非常专一。故选B。28．推理判断题。根据第三段“They found ADCY8 had a variant at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance migration.(他们发现ADCY8在长途迁徙的游隼种群中有一种高频率的变异，这表明这种变异被有利地选择了，因为它可能增加长期记忆的能力，这被认为是长途迁徙的必要条件。)”可推断，ADCY8是长途迁徙中必不可少的要素。故选B。29．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds, ” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world. ”(詹湘江博士说:“我们的工作是第一次开始了解生态因素可能在候鸟中相互作用的方式。”“我们希望它能成为保护世界迁徙物种的基石。”)”可推断，该研究的特别之处是了解了生态因素对候鸟的影响，希望更多的人关注这一点。故选D。30．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration-but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified(以前的研究已经确定了几个可能调控迁移的候选基因组区域，但我们的工作是迄今为止与迁移行为相关的特定基因的最有力的证明。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现证实了鸟类身上存在的迁徙基因。所以“Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds(生物学家在鸟类身上发现迁徙基因的证据)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。31．C32．A33．B34．D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章探讨了艺术的优越地位，它揭示了我们最好的一面。这是因为他们结合了我们最聪明和最感性的一面。它们最根本地证明了我们有能力做出最非凡的事情。31．词义猜测题。根据第一段“On the one hand, I get it. Some in the art world, wanting to establish their authority, fall back on abstractions to create a zone of exclusion. It can be insufferable.”（一方面，我理解。艺术界的一些人，想要建立他们的权威，就求助于抽象来创造一个排斥区。这是难以忍受的。）可知，有时候，人们总是说他们对艺术感到害怕。不像图片那么自由。故选C。32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Art is a wide field. It's deep. It's diverse. You can come at the subject from countless angles. People seem to have been making art since the beginning, so the subject is an inseparable part of the whole history of humanity. So yes, things can get complicated. But, in the end, we're talking about pictures and sculptures. How hard is it to look at a painting? How difficult is it to walk around a sculpture? Children get it immediately. They know there's no right or wrong when it comes to looking at art.”（艺术是一个广阔的领域。它是深奥的。它是多样性的。你可以从无数个角度来探讨这个问题。人们似乎从一开始就在创造艺术，所以艺术是整个人类历史不可分割的一部分。是的，事情会变得复杂。但是，最后，我们谈论的是图画和雕塑。看一幅画有多难?在雕塑周围走动有多难?孩子们马上就会明白。他们知道看待艺术没有对错之分。）可知，前两段主要讲述讲述的是艺术是复杂但容易的。故选A。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“More than the political or economic conditions of any given era, it is art that later generations most want to remember. We remember Picasso and Matisse with more love than General Francisco Franco or Marshall Petain. And we remember the Beatles and Francis Bacon over the chief ministers of Britain in the 1960s. That's because the arts-and I define the term as broadly as possible-reveal the best of us. It's because they combine the most intelligent and the most feeling of us. They testify, most fundamentally, to the fact that we're alive, that people lived before us, that as a species we're capable of making the most extraordinary things, and that human consciousness and the world beyond it are nothing short of astonishing.”（后人最想记住的是艺术，而不是任何特定时代的政治或经济状况。比起弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥将军和贝当元帅，我们更爱毕加索和马蒂斯。我们记得披头士乐队和弗朗西斯·培根，而不是20世纪60年代英国的首席大臣们。这是因为艺术——我尽可能宽泛地定义这个词——揭示了我们最好的一面。这是因为他们结合了我们最聪明和最感性的一面。它们最根本地证明了，我们还活着，在我们之前有人生活过，作为一个物种，我们有能力做出最非凡的事情，人类的意识和它以外的世界是令人震惊的。）可知，作者在第三段提到了几个著名的人物以说明艺术的优越地位。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据第三段“That's because the arts-and I define the term as broadly as possible-reveal the best of us. It's because they combine the most intelligent and the most feeling of us. ”（这是因为艺术——我尽可能宽泛地定义这个词——揭示了我们最好的一面。这是因为他们结合了我们最聪明和最感性的一面。）可知，艺术的魅力在于它反映了人类最好的一面。故选D。35．F36．G37．C38．B39．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系 。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。35．根据下文“Modern technology has provided us with many tools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? (那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢?)”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。36．根据下文“When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。37．根据上文“We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”呈前联系他人，又和下文保持一致。故选C。38．根据下文“Then we followed up with them after they had done so.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。39．空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致 。故选A。40．Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.41．Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.42．Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.43．In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了餐桌礼仪及其重要性。40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“They show the way people behave while eating a meal.(它们展示了人们吃饭时的行为方式。)”可知，餐桌礼仪是人们吃饭时的行为方式。故答案为Table manners are the way people behave while eating a meal.41．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Table manners matter much. They are a reflection of your character. It’s about respect for others. When you are with others in a social setting, you want to be considerate to those around you. Table manners also mean your “ticket” to social success. (餐桌礼仪很重要。它们是你性格的反映。这是对他人的尊重。当你和别人在一个社会环境中，你想要体谅你周围的人。餐桌礼仪也意味着你获得社交成功的“门票”。)”可知，餐桌礼仪很重要，因为餐桌礼仪可以反映出人的性格，比如尊重和体贴他人，他们也可以导致人们的社会成功。故答案为Because table manners can reflect people’s character, such as being respectful and considerate to others, and they can also lead people to social success.42．考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“He says, “You’ve got to invite your elders to start eating, or say, ‘We are now eating’, so the elders can say, ‘Go ahead’. It’s a sign of respect to the elderly. (他说：“你必须邀请你的长辈开始吃饭，或者说，‘我们正在吃饭’，这样长辈就会说，‘开始吧’。”这是对老人的尊重。)”可知，如果他们的长辈说“开始吧”，年轻一代可以在长辈之前开始吃东西。所以他们在得到老人的允许后开始吃东西是可以接受的。故答案为>Tony Tan says that it is impolite for younger generations to start eating before the elders do even after the get permission from the elders.According to the passage, if their elders say “Go ahead”, younger generations can start eating before the elders do. So it is acceptable for them to start eating with the permission from the elderly.43．开放题。要求考生陈述自己家中的餐桌礼仪，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为In my home, when you want something at dinner, don’t point at it with your chopsticks, and don’t speak noisily either. Please use a spoon for soup. When you finish the dinner, and someone is still eating, don’t leave the table.44．Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing to apply to be a school ambassador for the “Low Carbon Life” activity.In my opinion, the low carbon lifestyle, aiming to achieve carbon neutrality, can contribute to the sustainable development of our earth. I think every individual should raise the awareness of environmental protection and live a green life by saving water, electricity and sorting waste.I think I am qualified for this position. As president of the Students’ Union, I am thought highly of by my teachers and classmates for communication skills and work efficiency. Besides, I practice what I advocate, like refusing to use disposable chopsticks, which shows my better understanding of the low carbon life.I would appreciate it if you could give me an opportunity. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语给相关负责人写一封自荐信，申请“低碳生活方式”推广活动宣传大使。【详解】1.词汇积累观点：opinion →view为……做贡献：contribute to →make a contribution to此外：besides → what’s more我会感激：I would appreciate it →I would be grateful2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：In my opinion, the low carbon lifestyle, aiming to achieve carbon neutrality, can contribute to the sustainable development of our earth.拓展句：In my opinion, the low carbon lifestyle, which aims to achieve carbon neutrality, can contribute to the sustainable development of our earth.【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, I practice what I advocate, like refusing to use disposable chopsticks, which shows my better understanding of the low carbon life. (运用了what引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】I would appreciate it if you could give me an opportunity. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)