10完形填空-上海市2021年中考英语真题&模拟卷分题型分类汇编（共16题）

这是一份10完形填空-上海市2021年中考英语真题&模拟卷分题型分类汇编（共16题），共37页。
10完形填空-上海市2021年中考英语真题&模拟卷分题型分类汇编
一．记叙文（共7小题）
1．（2021•嘉定区二模）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词或词语完成 短文）
When my brother and I were young， we always spent a few weeks in summer with our uncle. He was a famous geologist （地质学家）. He loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his（1）　 　 at the university. We liked to follow him.
One morning， we left early and this time our uncle had bought us backpacks （背包）. "You can help me（2）　 　 the stones，" He explained.
The whole day we walked around the countryside， and every now and then， my uncle put stones in our bags. We were a bit（3）　 　 that he also took some stones out from our bags at times. We thought he had just found better stones than the ones we already had.
When we reached the houses in the late afternoon， we were tired. The backpacks were so heavy that we gave a big sigh of relief when we put them on the ground，（4）　 　 our uncle's backpack was half﹣empty.
"Why did you give us so many stones？" We asked. "I didn't， you did." he said， waiting for a while before continuing. "You didn't know it， but I made you go through a little attitude test today. Every time you were complaining（5）　 　， I put a stone in your bag. When you talked about something with positive （积极的） thinking， I took out a stone. And now， look at you bags."
The bags were almost full.
"Your negative （消极的） thoughts are like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in bags."
Our uncle（6）　 　 us one of the most important lessons in the life. The power of attitude. No matter how many difficulties we came across， we considered them as chances for us to improve. And every day seems much better and brighter.

（1）A. invention
B. collection
C. invitation
D. creation
（2）A. fix
B. buy
C. carry
D. kick
（3）A. surprised
B. satisfied
C. excited
D. bored
（4）A. though
B. since
C. while
D. for
（5）A. correctly
B. angrily
C. seriously
D. confidently
（6）A. learned
B. applied
C. brought
D. taught

2．（2021•青浦区二模）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Wonder tells the story of August，a ten﹣year﹣old boy who lives with his parents and sister in New York.August，or Auggie as his family can him，is a（n）（1）　 　 boy in many ways.He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox.But Auggie was born with deformities（畸形）of the face and looks very different from other kids.At the start of the book，he tells us "My name is August.I won't describe what I look like.Whatever you're thinking，it's probably （2）　 　." Auggie's appearance shocks people.People look at him for a long time or some things they look away as soon as they see him.
Auggie had 27 operations on his face and has spent a lot of time in hospital.His mother has taught him at home，but now that he's ten，she thinks he should go to school. （3）　 　，Auggie hates the idea of school and doesn't want to go.He worries that other kids will look at him strangely or call him horrible names，but his parents persuade him to visit a school and meet the headteacher.After the visit，Auggie（4）　 　 that，yes，he will go to school.Like many kids，Auggie is really anxious on the first day.Because of his face，no one wants to sit next to him and he notices other kids looking and talking about him when he's not around.（5）　 　，he later makes friends with Jack，a boy in his class，and Flower，a girl he chats with at lunch.
Wonder tells the story of Auggie's first year at school and（6）　 　 other kids treat him.It's a difficult year with good and bad times.But towards the end，a frightening and dramatic event at a school camp made things completely different.

（1）A.shy
B.clever
C.ordinary
D.naughty
（2）A.right
B.true
C.better
D.worse
（3）A.Since then
B.At first
C.In fact
D.So far
（4）A.advises
B.decides
C.forgets
D.dreams
（5）A.Luckily
B.Clearly
C.Surprisingly
D.Suddenly
（6）A.when
B.where
C.why
D.how
3．（2021•长宁区二模）Two years ago， my brother James and I set up on a hike through Chute Canyon， one of the most difficult routes in the mountains in Utah， in the US. We were hiking lovers and had（1）　 　doing this route for a long time. However， we had no idea of the terrible adventure that was waiting for us.
We（2）　 　the first part without problems. Then it started to snow and the rocks became slippery. All of a sudden， as I was helping my brother down a huge rock， he slipped and fell into a pool. Unfortunately， he had landed on a rock just below the surface and his leg broke. I climbed down and（3）　 　pulled him out of the water. Night was coming and the temperature was falling but my brother couldn't move. Feeling helpless， I decided to head for the（4）　 　camp for help， so I left James with some warm clothing and the rest of the food. It had been raining and to my horror， I discovered that the canyon was flooded. But I had no choice， I had to struggle on， soaked and freezing， unable even to think clearly. At one point I got lost， wasting precious hours.
At two﹣thirty the following afternoon， I finally arrived at the camp. The（5）　 　had taken twenty﹣two hours and I was exhausted and starving. However， I managed to call for help and twelve hours later rescuers reached James. Thankfully， he was still alive and his leg was not seriously damaged. We were hiking again a year later， amazingly，（6）　 　we've never been back to Chute Canyon!

（1）A. competed with
B. dreamed of
C. depended on
D. taken charge of
（2）A. examined
B. accepted
C. complained
D. completed
（3）A. slowly
B. happily
C. clearly
D. hardly
（4）A. largest
B. highest
C. nearest
D. prettiest
（5）A. project
B. technology
C. transport
D. journey
（6）A. because
B. though
C. since
D. whether
4．（2021•徐汇区二模）The bus was filled with excitement.Students were talking and laughing，but there was also a bit of（1）　 　 energy in the air.As the bus pulled into the parking lot at the television studio，Mr.Osaka cleared his throat.
"I want to thank each one of you for your hard work.I know that many of you have had to put other activities on hold for the training.Whether or not our Sunshine Middle School wins today's competition，I'm proud of you all，" Mr.Osaka continued. "It's a great honor just to be on Quiz Power.Just do your best and enjoy yourselves today.No matter what，we're all going home（2）　 　."
The members of the team（3）　 　 as Mr.Osaka finished his speech.As they headed for the
doors of the bus，several students stopped to thank Mr.Osaka for his commitment to the team.The students knew they were ready for almost any question the quizmaster might ask.They couldn't wait to get started.
Inside the studio，the students were met by Anna，the show's executive producer.Anna was a tall，friendly woman.
"I am sure you've already heard this a hundred times today，" she told the room of expectant students， "but the most important thing you can do during the competition is to relax and have fun.Do your best to ignore the cameras and the audience.Once the host has finished asking a question，you will want to ring your buzzer（蜂鸣器） as soon as you think you have the answer. （4）　 　 ，you may not ring in until the entire question has been read.People are likely to speak more quickly when they are nervous，so just try to answer slowly and calmly when it's your turn." Ann paused and smiled at the students who were beginning to look tense. "Do you have any questions before we begin？"
Gabriel，a seventh﹣grader from Sunshine，waved his hand."Will the winning team come back to compete for the championship（冠军赛？" he asked（5）　 　 ，with hope in his eyes.
Ann nodded. "The championships are held in the spring.The winning team in the final will receive ＄1，000.The winning school will also receive two brand new computers."
"Any more questions？" Ann asked.The students were silent，（6）　 　 the task ahead of them.
"Then，let the game begin!"

（1）A.nervous
B.magic
C.happy
D.naughty
（2）A.bosses
B.citizens
C.winners
D.graduates
（3）A.cheered
B.hesitated
C.rested
D.survived
（4）A.In brief
B.However
C.In other words
D.For the time being
（5）A.properly
B.seriously
C.eagerly
D.angrily
（6）A.satisfied with
B.worried about
C.thankful for
D.focusing on


5．（2021•虹口区二模）B.Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
My tae known do（跆拳道）instructor stood in front of me，with the board in his hands. "Just tell me when you are ready，" he said.
I had to break it.That（1）　 　was ringing around inside my head.Break it!
I stepped back for a（2）　 　.I got in a good stance（姿势），and then spun（旋转）around backwards，doing a complete turn，and brought my heel（脚后跟）up on the edge of the board.
The thin brown carpet was hurting my feet.The lights filled the room with heat.Everything was silent.My classmates sat there，looking at me.I had never broken a board before，although I had tried several times.Even a boy who was two years younger than me had broken one，and he always（3）　 　that I knew it.
My white uniform made small noises as I moved，the baggy pants and jacket didn't keep me from sweating.I felt hot.
"OK"，I whispered，and with one last deep breath I kicked my heel（4）　 　the hard wood.I stepped back，the board was still in one piece.
My instructor said，smiling， "You have to go through the board.Try it again."
I was（5）　 　people telling me to go through the board.They sounded as if I wasn't trying!
I tried again.But again，I couldn't break it.I hadn't ever cracked（破开）it!I felt tears filling in my eyes.I wouldn't make everyone disappointed.I wouldn't make myself disappointed.
"Almost，" my instructor told me. "Try it just one more time."
One more chance.That was all I got. "I'll show you，Mr.Board.I'll do it，" I whispered.
I spun around.I kicked the board.I heard a loud cracking sound and then my foot went through the board!My instructor was（6）　 　the two pieces high and smiling.

（1）A.suggestion
B.thought
C.feeling
D.answer
（2）A.kick
B.change
C.strike
D.hit
（3）A.had no idea
B.made sure
C.heard of
D.showed off
（4）A.through
B.on
C.across
D.against
（5）A.getting ride of
B.getting ready for
C.getting into the habit of
D.getting tired of
（6）A.picking out
B.picking up
C.putting up
D.putting down
6．（2021•杨浦区二模）Choose the best answer and complete the passage.
My name is Evelyn Garrido，and I'm from the Philippines.Next month I'm going to go abroad.I've never been to another country before.I'm going to go to the U.S.as an exchange student.I'm going to live with a host family in a small town in Minnesota，in the north of the U.S.
I started planning and preparing for my trip last year.There was a lot to do!I did some （1）　 　student exchange programs，and then I applied.I also applied for a passport and got a student visa.After that，I attended courses at the weekends about rules，how to survive，etc.My older sister Lucia studied abroad two years ago，so she helped me plan my trip and showed me how to（2）　 　 my flight online.
I feel excited，and a little scared.Sometimes I say，"Lucia，I'll probably be（3）　 　."She says，"You're not alone.We'll have video chats with you every day.And you'll definitely meet new friends soon."
My host family ﹣ the Jenses ﹣ sent me an email with information about the（4）　 　 in Minnesota.Winters are cold!I emailed them and said，"I don't have any warm clothes!"They told me，"We'll give you some of our warm clothes!"
I bought a good guidebook online.The information about cultural differences is really helpful.People will probably be very （5）　 　 me because I'm from a different country.They'll probably ask me， " Do you eat hamburgers in the Philippines？"（"Yes."）"Is it cold in the Philippines？"（"Never."）I'll try to answer cheerfully!
As an exchange student，I'll learn a lot about Americans and their culture.Lucia says I'll also learn about myself.And since I will be away from home for a long time，I'll definitely learn to be more （6）　 　.I hope so and I'm really looking forward to my trip!

（1）A.training for
B.research into
C.projects on
D.surveys about
（2）A.book
B.catch
C.delay
D.board
（3）A.busy
B.sick
C.lonely
D.disappointed
（4）A.weather
B.diet
C.clothes
D.sightseeing
（5）A.afraid of
B.thankful to
C.angry with
D.interested in
（6）A.patient
B.creative
C.independent
D.confident
7．（2021•普陀区二模）Frank makes sure students from poor families in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time，rain or shine.
This 66﹣year﹣old retired teacher has been offering free rides to college students for the past ten years.Since Frank drove the young people for the first time，he has covered over 100，000 miles.The students he transports to and from school enjoy talking with him.They usually have a lot of （1）　 　conversations.What they've got is finding a role model and a friend.（2）　 　，some students even call him "Grandpa".
Vicky received free rides from Frank for all her four years in college.The trips meant much more to her than just free transportations. "It's not just a ride.I'm not just sitting there in silence or with my headphones on，"Vicky said. "He asks us questions.He（3）　 　the answers as well.The next time we ride with him，he'll check if our ideas work."
Frank first worked as a driver through a programme.Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes，Frank often goes beyond to ensure the happiness and safety of the students.
Frank is always there to give these students（4）　 　.If they run out of certain basic things in life，Frank will drive to the nearest store and buy what they need.If a students gets hungry on the long drives to and from school，Frank never（5）　 　to buy them a meal.
For many students，Frank's help is appreciated and it's necessary for them to be able to finish their college education as well.According to Frank，he's got much from the（6）　 　，too. "I just love driving and I love these kids." Frank said. "It's such an interesting thing to be a part of these kids' lives."

（1）A.similar
B.dull
C.pleasant
D.difficult
（2）A.However
B.Actually
C.Instead
D.Unfortunately
（3）A.forgets
B.dislikes
C.offers
D.remembers
（4）A.supports
B.advice
C.freedom
D.knowledge
（5）A.decides
B.promises
C.hesitates
D.likes
（6）A.success
B.experience
C.attention
D.thought
二．说明文（共4小题）
8．（2021•上海二模）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Autism（自闭症）is a disorder of the brain that happens in the first three years of life. It （1）　 　 the brain's normal development. Most autistic patients have difficulty talking with other people or doing things. However， some of the autistic people have surprising abilities. For example， some can memorize many things and some can do calculations really fast.
Raymond Babbitt in the 1988 film Rain Man is an（2）　 　 of autistic people. The character in the film was based on Kim Peek， a man from the USA. Peek couldn't switch on a light or put his clothes on by himself. But his（3）　 　 was so surprising that he could remember almost anything. He could memorize every road， place and distance on maps. He could even remember almost every word in thousands of books. His way of reading was more（4）　 　. Peek could read two pages at the same time in just eight to ten seconds. He read the left page with his left eye and the right page with his right eye.
Scientists still don't know for sure why some autistic people have special talent after they have done a lot of research. There is one possible explanation. When certain parts of the brain are（5）　 　 by autism， other parts of the brain might get stronger. Therefore， special abilities were born.
But not all people with autism have special abilities.（6）　 　， autistic people with special abilities are rare and the abilities cannot be trained. According to research， only ten percent of autistic people show any signs of special talent.

（1）A. helps
B. increases
C. affects
D. records
（2）A. actress
B. inventor
C. owner
D. example
（3）A. memory
B. behavior
C. change
D. smile
（4）A. common
B. amazing
C. frightening
D. traditional
（5）A. rebuilt
B. recognized
C. repaired
D. damaged
（6）A. Above all
B. On average
C. In fact
D. In addition
9．（2021•浦东新区模拟）Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）

Is there anyone around you who is a short sleeper？ A short sleeper is a person who regularly sleeps less than the average member of his age group.His nightly time of sleep is five hours or less. The short sleeper feels good after（1）　 　.
The limited time asleep is（2）　 　 to a short sleeper. It is not a
behavior of reducing the amount of sleep or refusing to sleep. This low
amount of sleep is very stable from night to night. It is also the same on weekends and holidays.
A pattern of short sleep often begins as a child or young adult. Once it begins， the pattern continues through the years. This pattern of short sleep may cause others to be worried. Family members or friends may think that something is（3）　 　.
Someone may tell a short sleeper to use medicine to help him sleep more. This will make him get sleep that he really does not need. It will bring him more（4）　 　. A short sleeper will also have trouble with his family and friends if he expects others to（5）　 　his pattern of sleep. Most people will not be able to do well with only five hours of sleep each night.
Short sleeping can be（6）　 　with insomnia（失眠）. Both conditions can cause a person to get a small amount of sleep at night. a person with insomnia has a hard time falling asleep or staying asleep The overall quality of his sleep may be very poor. This can cause him to be sleepy during the day. The short sleeper does not have any of these problems.
（1）A. staying up
B.waking up
C.growing up
D.giving up
（2）A.available
B.important
C.natural
D.special
（3）A.wrong
B.difficult
C.possible
D.common
（4）A.advice
B.differences
C.pleasure
D. problems
（5）A.change
B.improve
C.follow
D.balance
（6）A.familiar
B.confused
C.pleased
D.connected

10．（2021•浦东新区二模）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词或词语完成 短文）
What comes to mind when you think of archaeologists （考古学家）？ Are they as cool as the characters in Hollywood hit movies？ Do they experience new adventures every day？ Let's discover the world of archaeologists.
Reaching spots
Historical treasures are often buried underground. To locate the proper place for （1）　 　， archaeologists do surveys to search for signs of ancient spots. These signs may be anything just like broken pieces of ancient tools.
It's difficult work. They walk across the areas in all kinds of weather， so it is often done by walking. Besides， it requires much experience and（2）　 　 knowledge to tell an ordinary rock from a stone tool， or tell a natural hill from a grass﹣covered historic site.
Researching
Archaeologists spend a lot of time in the lab studying the discoveries.（3）　 　， they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with modern technology.
The first thing they need to do is to recognize the age of the items discovered. They also（4）　 　 bones of humans or animals to find out the cause of their death and what they ate during their lifetime. After that， archaeologists draw the pictures of them on computers based on collected data.
Restoration （修复）
Ancient objects can be damaged in different ways.（5）　 　， bowls and cups are often broken into pieces， while metal tools usually get rusty （生锈的）. Before repairing， they use X﹣rays to look for damage. If the rust is harmful， they need to remove it and repair the object with special metal powder. In this process， restorers have to be extremely patient and careful so as not to damage the（6）　 　 of the objects.
Since the job can be physically tiring outdoors or need a long time work in the lab， most archaeologists are proud of their work. It's their hard work that has brought the lost treasures back to life.

（1）A. living
B. resting
C. digging
D. sightseeing
（2）A. junior
B. general
C. major
D.professional
（3）A. Carefully
B. Fortunately
C. Beautifully
D. Immediately
（4）A. contact
B. follow
C.examine
D. develop
（5）A. For example
B. In addition
C. At least
D. In return
（6）A. secret
B. temperature
C. weight
D. value

11．（2021•金山区二模）
Habits of Successful Language Learners
As a language learner，you are not alone.About 1.2 billion people worldwide are learning a（1）　 　language.However，not all of them enjoy success.We talked to hundreds of successful Language learners.They shared with us some of their habits.
One key to long﹣term success is working towards the goal（2）　 　.Most successful language learners make sure to spend a few minutes practicing every day.We also studied some"nine﹣to﹣
fivers（朝九晚五）".These language learners practice their language only in class.In the long run，they show much（3）　 　progress than those who practice daily.They are also more likely to"drop out".
The second habit of successful language learners is that they don't "binge study（临时抱佛脚）".Instead，they make progress through a number of short study sessions over a longer period of time.Learners who practice now and then for a marathon to catch up are more likely to give up altogether.
Some language learners always want to learn as much new material as they can.But it has been proved that one gradually forgets what he or she has learned over time.Let's be honest：Do you still remember all the English words and expressions you learned last year？Successful language learners（4）　 　the old material regularly.Regular revision turns your short﹣term memory into long﹣term memory.
Are you having a hard time improving your English？Then you may try to（5）　 　these three habits.Don't worry if it takes time.Mastering a second language is a long（6）　 　﹣﹣it should take time!

（1）A.ancient
B.modern
C.official
D.foreign
（2）A.sooner or later
B.all the time
C.over and over
D.in a hurry
（3）A.slower
B.faster
C.further
D.better
（4）A.go over
B.take away
C.collect
D.produce
（5）A.break
B.change
C.develop
D.kick
（6）A.program
B.process
C.history
D.life
三．议论文（共5小题）
12．（2021•上海）What do you need for an invention to be a success？
To begin with，good timing is very（1）　 　.You can have a good idea which the public doesn't want yet.Take Giovanni Caselli as an example.He invented the first fax machine in the 1860s.Though the quality was excellent，his invention quickly （2）　 　.The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.
Money also helps.The Frenchman Denis Papin had the idea for a steam engine almost a hundred years before James Watt was born.Denis never had enough money to （3）　 　one.
You also need to be patient.It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb. （4）　 　，you shouldn't be too slow.In the 1870s，Elisha Gray developed plans for a telephone.Gray saw it only as "a beautiful toy".When he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office（专利局）on February 14th，1876，it was too （5）　 　.Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier.The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell.He is remembered as the inventor of the telephone.
Of course what you really need is a wonderful idea.If you haven't got one，a walk in the countryside and a careful look at （6）　 　can help.The Swiss scientist，George de Mestral，had the idea for Velcro （粘扣） when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.

（1）A.interesting
B.important
C.personal
D.satisfying
（2）A.died
B.improved
C.spread
D.appeared
（3）A.deliver
B.repair
C.use
D.build
（4）A.However
B.Instead
C.So far
D.At last
（5）A.modern
B.difficult
C.late
D.old
（6）A.society
B.nature
C.pictures
D.advertisements


13．（2021•宝山区二模）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Students in China have one less things to put in their backpacks these days.The government recently banned（禁止）smartphones in public schools for all students through nine grades.Many schools around the world like Germany，Japan，the United States have similar bans.
Some educators say kids pay better attention in class when they aren't looking at their phones all the time.They say banning phones（1）　 　 students to talk to each other more.
Most teachers would agree that they don't want a classroom full of kids texting（发短信）.But many say a total ban on phones isn't（2）　 　.Some people argue that it's better to teach kids to use technology responsibly than take it away.Also，many parents point out that they need to be able to reach their kids during the day.
Yes!Smartphones make it（3）　 　 for students to concentrate in class.Kids might play games，watch videos，or check out apps instead of paying attention to the teacher.They can easily miss important information.Besides，a ringing or buzzing phone distracts（使……分心）other students.Also，some kids might use their phones to cheat.They could go online and look up（4）　 　 to a test，or they could turn to their friends for help.
No!Students should be able to have their phones with them in case of an （5）　 　.Kids need a way to get in touch with their parents if they get sick，if the school bus breaks down，or even if they forget their lunch at home.Smartphones can actually help kids do better in school.We can use them to go online and do research for a class project or for help with writing essays.（6）　 　，there are great educational apps we can use.They can help us study better.It's not a good idea to ban phones in school.

（1）A.begs
B.invites
C.teaches
D.encourages
（2）A.important
B.necessary
C.enough
D.effective
（3）A.difficult
B.right
C.interesting
D.disappointing
（4）A.ideas
B.answers
C.news
D.dictionaries
（5）A.event
B.interview
C.argument
D.emergency
（6）A.For example
B.In brief
C.In addition
D.As a result
14．（2021•黄浦区二模）It can be an awful feeling when you realize you've said or done something wrong.Maybe you told a friend something that turned out to be totally false.Whatever the reason for being wrong，admitting it can make you upset.
No one enjoys putting up his hand to say： "I was wrong." You become responsible for your mistake，and that can make you feel （1）　 　.Admitting a mistake challenges your pride and can damage your confidence.Saying you were wrong means having to（2）　 　that you're not always right or perfect.
Of course，having a sense of pride in yourself isn't a bad thing.When you are proud of your good abilities，appearance and achievements，it's good and encourages healthy feelings.But it will become a（3）　 　when you are too proud to admit.Some people will try to avoid admitting being wrong.They will deny，make（4）　 　attack someone or something else because it's easier than finding their own problems.
Imagine switching off your pride for a moment and focus only on the facts of a situation that has caused you to make a mistake.When you consider the matter based on facts，it's usually easy to see the （5）　 　way to go.When you can say you were wrong and offer a sincere apology，it will help to clear up a situation.
So，don't be afraid to make mistakes and don't be too proud to say you are wrong.You are human and on a beautiful （6）　 　that will often test you.Take control of your pride，do what feels right and learn from experience.

（1）A.surprised
B.angry
C.strange
D.embarrassed
（2）A.accept
B.complain
C.pretend
D.believe
（3）A.change
B.secret
C.problem
D.difference
（4）A.choices
B.excuses
C.decisions
D.noises
（5）A.right
B.same
C.simple
D.convenient
（6）A.future
B.direction
C.journey
D.exchange
15．（2021•奉贤区二模）Smart phones and e﹣readers have become more common in recent years.Some people worry that the days of paper books will be gone.But surveys have shown that traditional books are still（1）　 　 among readers.
Research company Nielsen found that in the UK，sales of e﹣books are（2）　 　 while sales of paper books are rising.More surprisingly，it's young people who are buying the most physical books.Another survey of university students from the United States.Slovakia（斯洛伐克），Japan and Germany also showed that 92 percent of them（3）　 　paper books.
The most popular reason given was："I like to hold the products." It's is true that paper books bring a very different reading（4）　 　.Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books.Other students said that they get a sense of accomplishment（成就）when they finish reading a paper book and they enjoy seeing it on the bookshelf.
Paper books can also be very（5）　 　 objects （物品） to lovers of reading.Many people like to sign their names on the inside cover.It's as if readers of paper books make friends with them.
This "friendship" people develop with books isn't 'just sentimental （情感上的）.Research has shown that readers remember more information reading from paper books than e﹣books.People also more easily（6）　 　headaches or sore eyes while reading e﹣books.
It seems that paper books，which have been in production since the 15th century，still have an attraction.

（1）A.familiar
B popular
C.interesting
D.comfortable
（2）A.falling
B.climbing
C.happening
D.beginning
（3）A.predicted
B.preferred
C.protected
D.prevented
（4）A.excuse
B.experiment
C.exercise
D.experience
（5）A.creative
B.personal
C.common
D.relaxing
（6）A.come up with
B.keep up with
C.end up with
D.get along with

16．（2021•闵行区二模）Choose the best answer and complete the passage. （选择最恰当的选项完成短文）
Many people think of sharks as dangerous monsters.But human beings pose a far greater danger to these creatures than they do to us.Although shark attacks do occur，they are quite（1）　 　.On the other hand，according to one research，humans kill 100 million sharks every year.This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out.
●（2）　 　should we save the sharks？
The killing of sharks is a problem for the whole planet.Sharks eat other species （物种），but few creatures eat them.As sharks die off，the populations of the animals that sharks eat will（3）　 　.This，in turn，means that the populations of the creatures that those animals eat will shrink.That includes some sea creatures that humans consume，such as shrimps.It also includes fish that eat algae （藻类），which can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs.
Shrinking shark populations affects more than just the ocean.Ocean plants produce much of the oxygen on the planet.These plants can be harmed when changes in the shark population upset the ecosystem.
● Don't use shark products.
Shark liver oil is used in many popular cosmetics （化妆品） .Pet foods，vitamins，energy drinks and leather goods can（4）　 　 be made from shark parts.And shark meat is sold around the world，sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish.
Most sharks killed worldwide are hunted for their fins，which are used to make shark fin soup.The（5）　 　is cruel：Fishermen cut the shark's fins off and then throw the shark back into the water.Then the shark dies slowly，sometimes over several days.Sharks breathe by swimming，so a shark that can't swim will die.
● Eat only sustainably （可持续地） caught seafood.
Sharks often die because they are caught in nets.If you eat seafood，make sure it comes from fish farms that（6）　 　 the oceans.

（1）A.rare
B.strange
C.natural
D.general
（2）A.How
B.When
C.Why
D.Where
（3）A.match
B.depend
C.limit
D.increase
（4）A.even
B.also
C.ever
D.always
（5）A.process
B.situation
C.progress
D.attitude
（6）A.cut down
B.care for
C.keep off
D.consist of

参考答案与试题解析
一．记叙文（共7小题）
1．（2021•嘉定区二模）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词或词语完成 短文）
When my brother and I were young， we always spent a few weeks in summer with our uncle. He was a famous geologist （地质学家）. He loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his（1）　B　 at the university. We liked to follow him.
One morning， we left early and this time our uncle had bought us backpacks （背包）. "You can help me（2）　C　 the stones，" He explained.
The whole day we walked around the countryside， and every now and then， my uncle put stones in our bags. We were a bit（3）　A　 that he also took some stones out from our bags at times. We thought he had just found better stones than the ones we already had.
When we reached the houses in the late afternoon， we were tired. The backpacks were so heavy that we gave a big sigh of relief when we put them on the ground，（4）　C　 our uncle's backpack was half﹣empty.
"Why did you give us so many stones？" We asked. "I didn't， you did." he said， waiting for a while before continuing. "You didn't know it， but I made you go through a little attitude test today. Every time you were complaining（5）　B　， I put a stone in your bag. When you talked about something with positive （积极的） thinking， I took out a stone. And now， look at you bags."
The bags were almost full.
"Your negative （消极的） thoughts are like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in bags."
Our uncle（6）　D　 us one of the most important lessons in the life. The power of attitude. No matter how many difficulties we came across， we considered them as chances for us to improve. And every day seems much better and brighter.

（1）A. invention
B. collection
C. invitation
D. creation
（2）A. fix
B. buy
C. carry
D. kick
（3）A. surprised
B. satisfied
C. excited
D. bored
（4）A. though
B. since
C. while
D. for
（5）A. correctly
B. angrily
C. seriously
D. confidently
（6）A. learned
B. applied
C. brought
D. taught

【解答】（1）B 名词辨析。A发明，B收集，C邀请，D创造，根据上句He was a geologist 地质学家，应该是loved to go on walks to collect stones喜欢散步收集石头添加到他的收藏，故答案是B。
（2）C 动词辨析。A修理，B买，C携带，D踢，根据上句One morning， we left early and this time our uncle had bought us backpacks一天早上，我们走得很早，这次叔叔给我们买了背包，应该是你们能帮助我拿石头了，故答案是C。
（3）A 形容词辨析。A惊奇的，B满意的，C兴奋的，D无聊的，根据上句then he added stones in our bags放一些石头在我们包，这里后面he also took some stones out from our bags at times. 从我们包里又拿出一些石头，可知我们应该是很惊奇的，故答案是A。
（4）C 连词辨析。A虽然，B自从，C然而，D由于，结合语境：背包太重了，当我们把它们放在地上时，我们松了一口气。（4）叔叔的背包有一半是空的。表转折，故选C。
（5）B 副词辨析。A正确地，B生气地，C严肃地，D自信地，根据下句When you talked about something with positive （积极的） thinking， I took out a stone. 谈论积极的，拿出一些石头，这里应该是生气地抱怨时，放一些石头，故答案是B。
（6）D 动词辨析。A学习，B回复，C带来，D教，结合上文描述，可知叔叔给我们上了一课，故答案是D。
2．（2021•青浦区二模）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Wonder tells the story of August，a ten﹣year﹣old boy who lives with his parents and sister in New York.August，or Auggie as his family can him，is a（n）（1）　C　 boy in many ways.He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox.But Auggie was born with deformities（畸形）of the face and looks very different from other kids.At the start of the book，he tells us "My name is August.I won't describe what I look like.Whatever you're thinking，it's probably （2）　D　." Auggie's appearance shocks people.People look at him for a long time or some things they look away as soon as they see him.
Auggie had 27 operations on his face and has spent a lot of time in hospital.His mother has taught him at home，but now that he's ten，she thinks he should go to school. （3）　B　，Auggie hates the idea of school and doesn't want to go.He worries that other kids will look at him strangely or call him horrible names，but his parents persuade him to visit a school and meet the headteacher.After the visit，Auggie（4）　B　 that，yes，he will go to school.Like many kids，Auggie is really anxious on the first day.Because of his face，no one wants to sit next to him and he notices other kids looking and talking about him when he's not around.（5）　A　，he later makes friends with Jack，a boy in his class，and Flower，a girl he chats with at lunch.
Wonder tells the story of Auggie's first year at school and（6）　D　 other kids treat him.It's a difficult year with good and bad times.But towards the end，a frightening and dramatic event at a school camp made things completely different.

（1）A.shy
B.clever
C.ordinary
D.naughty
（2）A.right
B.true
C.better
D.worse
（3）A.Since then
B.At first
C.In fact
D.So far
（4）A.advises
B.decides
C.forgets
D.dreams
（5）A.Luckily
B.Clearly
C.Surprisingly
D.Suddenly
（6）A.when
B.where
C.why
D.how
【解答】（1）C 形容词辨析。A害羞的，B聪明的，C普通的，D淘气的，根据全文可知，Auggie只是脸部畸形，其他地方看起来就是个普通的孩子，在很多方面in many ways，ordinary普通的，故答案是C。
（2）D 形容词辨析。A正确的，B真的，C更好的，D更差的，根据Whatever you're thinking，it's probably该句大意是，不论你想到的是什么，都要更糟糕 ，故答案是D。
（3）B 短语辨析。A从那时起，B最开始，C实际上，D到目前为止，根据上下文，父母认为他该去学校，最开始他不想去，故答案是B。
（4）B 动词辨析。A建议，B决定，C忘记，D梦想，根据上文，父母认为他该去学校，最开始他不想去，这里在参观学校之后，他决定去上学，故答案是B。
（5）A 副词辨析。A幸运地，B清楚地，C惊奇地，D突然地，根据上下文，同学们不想挨着他坐，到后来他交了两个朋友，这是幸运的，luckily幸运的，故答案是A。
（6）D 疑问副词辨析。A何时，B哪儿，C为什么，D怎样，根据句意可知，Wonder讲述孩子们如何对待他的故事，故答案是D。
3．（2021•长宁区二模）Two years ago， my brother James and I set up on a hike through Chute Canyon， one of the most difficult routes in the mountains in Utah， in the US. We were hiking lovers and had（1）　B　doing this route for a long time. However， we had no idea of the terrible adventure that was waiting for us.
We（2）　D　the first part without problems. Then it started to snow and the rocks became slippery. All of a sudden， as I was helping my brother down a huge rock， he slipped and fell into a pool. Unfortunately， he had landed on a rock just below the surface and his leg broke. I climbed down and（3）　A　pulled him out of the water. Night was coming and the temperature was falling but my brother couldn't move. Feeling helpless， I decided to head for the（4）　C　camp for help， so I left James with some warm clothing and the rest of the food. It had been raining and to my horror， I discovered that the canyon was flooded. But I had no choice， I had to struggle on， soaked and freezing， unable even to think clearly. At one point I got lost， wasting precious hours.
At two﹣thirty the following afternoon， I finally arrived at the camp. The（5）　D　had taken twenty﹣two hours and I was exhausted and starving. However， I managed to call for help and twelve hours later rescuers reached James. Thankfully， he was still alive and his leg was not seriously damaged. We were hiking again a year later， amazingly，（6）　B　we've never been back to Chute Canyon!


（1）A. competed with
B. dreamed of
C. depended on
D. taken charge of
（2）A. examined
B. accepted
C. complained
D. completed
（3）A. slowly
B. happily
C. clearly
D. hardly
（4）A. largest
B. highest
C. nearest
D. prettiest
（5）A. project
B. technology
C. transport
D. journey
（6）A. because
B. though
C. since
D. whether
【解答】（1）B.动词短语辨析。A. competed with 与…竞争；B. dreamed of 梦想；C. depended on 取决于，依靠；D. taken charge of 接管，负责。句意：我们是徒步旅行爱好者，已经梦想着走这条路线很久了。故选：B。
（2）D.动词辨析。A. examined 检查，调查；B. accepted 接受；C. complained 抱怨；D. completed 完成。句意：我们顺利完成了第一部分。故选：D。
（3）A.副词辨析。A. slowly 慢慢地；B. happily 开心地；C. clearly 清楚地；D. hardly 几乎不。根据前一句哥哥伤到了腿，可知应该慢慢拉他。句意：我爬了下来，慢慢地把他从水里拉了出来。故选：A。
（4）C.形容词辨析。A. largest 最大的；B. highest 最高的；C. nearest 最近的；D. prettiest 最美丽的。作者要救哥哥，应该是到最近的营地找人帮忙。句意：感到无助，我决定前往最近的营地寻求帮助。故选：C。
（5）D.名词辨析。A. project 工程，计划；B. technology 技术；C. transport 运输；D. journey 旅行，行程。句意：这次行程已经花了22个小时，我又累又饿。故选：D。
（6）B.连词辨析。A. because 因为；B. though尽管，然而；C. since 自…以来，因为；D. whether 是否。前一句说又开始远足了，后一句说没回过Chute Canyon，存在转折关系。句意：一年后我们又开始远足，然而我们再也没有回过Chute Canyon。故选：B。
4．（2021•徐汇区二模）The bus was filled with excitement.Students were talking and laughing，but there was also a bit of（1）　A　 energy in the air.As the bus pulled into the parking lot at the television studio，Mr.Osaka cleared his throat.
"I want to thank each one of you for your hard work.I know that many of you have had to put other activities on hold for the training.Whether or not our Sunshine Middle School wins today's competition，I'm proud of you all，" Mr.Osaka continued. "It's a great honor just to be on Quiz Power.Just do your best and enjoy yourselves today.No matter what，we're all going home（2）　C　."
The members of the team（3）　A　 as Mr.Osaka finished his speech.As they headed for the
doors of the bus，several students stopped to thank Mr.Osaka for his commitment to the team.The students knew they were ready for almost any question the quizmaster might ask.They couldn't wait to get started.
Inside the studio，the students were met by Anna，the show's executive producer.Anna was a tall，friendly woman.
"I am sure you've already heard this a hundred times today，" she told the room of expectant students， "but the most important thing you can do during the competition is to relax and have fun.Do your best to ignore the cameras and the audience.Once the host has finished asking a question，you will want to ring your buzzer（蜂鸣器） as soon as you think you have the answer. （4）　B　 ，you may not ring in until the entire question has been read.People are likely to speak more quickly when they are nervous，so just try to answer slowly and calmly when it's your turn." Ann paused and smiled at the students who were beginning to look tense. "Do you have any questions before we begin？"
Gabriel，a seventh﹣grader from Sunshine，waved his hand."Will the winning team come back to compete for the championship（冠军赛？" he asked（5）　C　 ，with hope in his eyes.
Ann nodded. "The championships are held in the spring.The winning team in the final will receive ＄1，000.The winning school will also receive two brand new computers."
"Any more questions？" Ann asked.The students were silent，（6）　D　 the task ahead of them.
"Then，let the game begin!"

（1）A.nervous
B.magic
C.happy
D.naughty
（2）A.bosses
B.citizens
C.winners
D.graduates
（3）A.cheered
B.hesitated
C.rested
D.survived
（4）A.In brief
B.However
C.In other words
D.For the time being
（5）A.properly
B.seriously
C.eagerly
D.angrily
（6）A.satisfied with
B.worried about
C.thankful for
D.focusing on


【解答】（1）A.形容词辨析。A.nervous 紧张的；B.magic 神奇的；C.happy 开心的；D.naughty顽皮的。前一句讲学生很兴奋，后一句用but表示转折，并且下文说他们去参加比赛，可推测气氛中除了兴奋，还有一丝紧张的情绪。句意：生们有说有笑，但也有一些紧张的情绪。故选：A。
（2）C.名词辨析。A.bosses 老板；B.citizens 公民，市民；C.winners 胜利者；D.graduates 毕业生。句意：无论怎样，我们都是赢家。故选：C。
（3）A.动词辨析。A.cheered 欢呼，振奋；B.hesitated 犹豫；C.rested 休息；D.survived 幸存。句意：Mr.Osaka 结束演讲时，团队成员欢呼起来。故选：A。
（4）B.副词辨析。A.In brief 简言之；B.However 然而，但是；C.In other words 换句话说；D.For the time being 暂时。前一句讲知道答案就按响蜂鸣器，后面说要等到问题全部读完，存在转折关系。句意：然而，在整个问题被读完之前，你不能按响它。故选：B。
（5）C.副词辨析。A.properly 恰当地；B.seriously 严肃地；C.eagerly 急切地，渴望地；D.angrily 生气地。根据后面 with hope in his eyes眼里充满希望，可知.Gabriel很急切。句意：获胜队将回来争夺冠军吗？"他急切地问道，眼里充满希望。故选：C。
（6）D.动词词组辨析。A.satisfied with 对…感到满意；B.worried about 为…担心；C.thankful for 对…表示感谢；D.focusing on 集中于。句意：学生们沉默着，专注于他们面前的任务。故选：D。
5．（2021•虹口区二模）B.Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
My tae known do（跆拳道）instructor stood in front of me，with the board in his hands. "Just tell me when you are ready，" he said.
I had to break it.That（1）　B　was ringing around inside my head.Break it!
I stepped back for a（2）　A　.I got in a good stance（姿势），and then spun（旋转）around backwards，doing a complete turn，and brought my heel（脚后跟）up on the edge of the board.
The thin brown carpet was hurting my feet.The lights filled the room with heat.Everything was silent.My classmates sat there，looking at me.I had never broken a board before，although I had tried several times.Even a boy who was two years younger than me had broken one，and he always（3）　B　that I knew it.
My white uniform made small noises as I moved，the baggy pants and jacket didn't keep me from sweating.I felt hot.
"OK"，I whispered，and with one last deep breath I kicked my heel（4）　D　the hard wood.I stepped back，the board was still in one piece.
My instructor said，smiling， "You have to go through the board.Try it again."
I was（5）　D　people telling me to go through the board.They sounded as if I wasn't trying!
I tried again.But again，I couldn't break it.I hadn't ever cracked（破开）it!I felt tears filling in my eyes.I wouldn't make everyone disappointed.I wouldn't make myself disappointed.
"Almost，" my instructor told me. "Try it just one more time."
One more chance.That was all I got. "I'll show you，Mr.Board.I'll do it，" I whispered.
I spun around.I kicked the board.I heard a loud cracking sound and then my foot went through the board!My instructor was（6）　C　the two pieces high and smiling.

（1）A.suggestion
B.thought
C.feeling
D.answer
（2）A.kick
B.change
C.strike
D.hit
（3）A.had no idea
B.made sure
C.heard of
D.showed off
（4）A.through
B.on
C.across
D.against
（5）A.getting ride of
B.getting ready for
C.getting into the habit of
D.getting tired of
（6）A.picking out
B.picking up
C.putting up
D.putting down
【解答】（1）B 名词辨析。A建议，B想法，C感觉，D答案，根据上句 I had to break it.我必须得踢它，应该是这个想法在我脑海里回荡，故答案是B。
（2）A 动词辨析。A踢，B改变，C撞；碰；撞击，D撞，根据上句 I had to break it.我必须得踢它，可知是踢，故答案是A。
（3）B 短语辨析。A不知道，B确保，C听说，D炫耀，根据上句Even a boy who was two years younger than me had broken one，甚至一个比我小两岁的男孩也踢坏了一个，应该是他总是确信我知道（甚至一个比我小两岁的男孩也踢坏了一个，但作者没能踢坏一个），故答案是B。
（4）D 介词辨析。A穿过，B在…上，C穿过，D反对，撞，根据后面 I stepped back，The board was still in one piece.我退了一步，木板仍然是完整的，可知是用脚后跟踢，故答案是D。
（5）D 短语辨析。A搭便车，B准备好，C有/养成…的习惯；习惯于，D对……感到厌倦；厌烦；对……厌烦，根据上文My instructor said，smiling， "You have to go through the board.Try it again."我的指导老师笑着说："你必踢穿板子。再试一次。"但作者没能做到，应该是厌烦了人们告诉他这么做，故答案是D。
（6）C 短语辨析。A挑选，B捡起，C举起，D放下，根据上句I heard a loud cracking sound and then my foot went through the board!我听到一声巨大的劈啪声，然后我的脚穿过了木板！教练应该是举起两块板子（让大家看到），故答案是C。
6．（2021•杨浦区二模）Choose the best answer and complete the passage.
My name is Evelyn Garrido，and I'm from the Philippines.Next month I'm going to go abroad.I've never been to another country before.I'm going to go to the U.S.as an exchange student.I'm going to live with a host family in a small town in Minnesota，in the north of the U.S.
I started planning and preparing for my trip last year.There was a lot to do!I did some （1）　A　student exchange programs，and then I applied.I also applied for a passport and got a student visa.After that，I attended courses at the weekends about rules，how to survive，etc.My older sister Lucia studied abroad two years ago，so she helped me plan my trip and showed me how to（2）　A　 my flight online.
I feel excited，and a little scared.Sometimes I say，"Lucia，I'll probably be（3）　C　."She says，"You're not alone.We'll have video chats with you every day.And you'll definitely meet new friends soon."
My host family ﹣ the Jenses ﹣ sent me an email with information about the（4）　A　 in Minnesota.Winters are cold!I emailed them and said，"I don't have any warm clothes!"They told me，"We'll give you some of our warm clothes!"
I bought a good guidebook online.The information about cultural differences is really helpful.People will probably be very （5）　D　 me because I'm from a different country.They'll probably ask me， " Do you eat hamburgers in the Philippines？"（"Yes."）"Is it cold in the Philippines？"（"Never."）I'll try to answer cheerfully!
As an exchange student，I'll learn a lot about Americans and their culture.Lucia says I'll also learn about myself.And since I will be away from home for a long time，I'll definitely learn to be more （6）　C　.I hope so and I'm really looking forward to my trip!

（1）A.training for
B.research into
C.projects on
D.surveys about
（2）A.book
B.catch
C.delay
D.board
（3）A.busy
B.sick
C.lonely
D.disappointed
（4）A.weather
B.diet
C.clothes
D.sightseeing
（5）A.afraid of
B.thankful to
C.angry with
D.interested in
（6）A.patient
B.creative
C.independent
D.confident
【解答】（1）A.考查调查短语。train for为…接受培训；research into调查、探究；project on投射到…上；survey about做调查；根据上一句"我从去年开始计划和准备我的旅行。有很多事情要做!"可知作者要进行进行出国前的一些培训，故用training for，句意为：我参加过一些交换生的项目培训。故选A。
（2）A.考查动词。book订票；catch赶上；delay耽误；board上（车、船、飞机等）；根据句意：她帮助我计划我的旅行，并教我如何在网上预定机票。可知选book，意为"预定"。故选A。
（3）C.考查形容词。busy忙碌的；sick生病的；lonely孤单的；disappointed失望的；根据"You're not alone. "可知，此处作者害怕自己会感到孤独。lonely"孤独的"符合题意。故选C。
（4）A.考查名词。weather天气；diet饮食；clothes衣服；sightseeing观光；根据"Winters are cold!"可知，他的寄宿家庭寄给他一封关于当地天气信息的电子邮件。故选A。
（5）D.考查短语。afraid of害怕；thankful to感激的；angry with生…的气；interested in对…感兴趣；根据句意：人们可能会我非常____，因为我来自一个不同的国家。再结合后面问的问题可知，应该选interested in"感兴趣的"。故选D。
（6）C.考查形容词。patient耐心；creative有创意的；independent独立的；confident自信的；根据上文提到"会感到孤单"，结合此处"我将要离开很长一段时间"，所以"我要学习变得更加独立"符合题意。故选C。
7．（2021•普陀区二模）Frank makes sure students from poor families in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time，rain or shine.
This 66﹣year﹣old retired teacher has been offering free rides to college students for the past ten years.Since Frank drove the young people for the first time，he has covered over 100，000 miles.The students he transports to and from school enjoy talking with him.They usually have a lot of （1）　C　conversations.What they've got is finding a role model and a friend.（2）　B　，some students even call him "Grandpa".
Vicky received free rides from Frank for all her four years in college.The trips meant much more to her than just free transportations. "It's not just a ride.I'm not just sitting there in silence or with my headphones on，"Vicky said. "He asks us questions.He（3）　D　the answers as well.The next time we ride with him，he'll check if our ideas work."
Frank first worked as a driver through a programme.Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes，Frank often goes beyond to ensure the happiness and safety of the students.
Frank is always there to give these students（4）　A　.If they run out of certain basic things in life，Frank will drive to the nearest store and buy what they need.If a students gets hungry on the long drives to and from school，Frank never（5）　C　to buy them a meal.
For many students，Frank's help is appreciated and it's necessary for them to be able to finish their college education as well.According to Frank，he's got much from the（6）　B　，too. "I just love driving and I love these kids." Frank said. "It's such an interesting thing to be a part of these kids' lives."

（1）A.similar
B.dull
C.pleasant
D.difficult
（2）A.However
B.Actually
C.Instead
D.Unfortunately
（3）A.forgets
B.dislikes
C.offers
D.remembers
（4）A.supports
B.advice
C.freedom
D.knowledge
（5）A.decides
B.promises
C.hesitates
D.likes
（6）A.success
B.experience
C.attention
D.thought
【解答】（1）C.形容词辨析。A.similar 相似的；B.dull 迟钝的，呆滞的；C.pleasant 令人愉快的；D.difficult 困难的。根据前一句他接送的学生都喜欢跟他聊天，可知他们的对话是很愉快的。句意：他们通常会有很多愉快的对话。故选：C。
（2）B.副词辨析。A.However 然而，表转折；B.Actually 事实上，实际上，用于强调事实，表示惊讶或者礼貌地纠正别人；C.Instead 反而，相反；D.Unfortunately 不幸地。句意：事实上，有些学生甚至叫他爷爷。故选：B。
（3）D.动词辨析。A.forgets 忘记；B.dislikes 不喜欢；C.offers 提供；D.remembers 记得，牢记。根据前一句他问我们问题，后一句他会检验这个方法是否可行，可知他能记住答案。句意：他问我们问题，他也会记住答案。故选：D。
（4）A.名词辨析。A.supports 支持；B.advice 建议；C.freedom 自由；D.knowledge 知识。根据后一句学生缺乏生活用品时，弗兰克会开车去给他们买所需物品，可知弗兰克会随时给学生提供支持。句意：弗兰克总是会给学生支持。故选：A。
（5）C.动词辨析。A.decides 决定；B.promises 承诺，许诺；C.hesitates 踌躇，犹豫；D.likes 喜欢。句意：如果一个学生在往返学校的长途中感到饥饿，弗兰克会毫不犹豫地请他们吃顿饭。故选：C。
（6）B.名词辨析。A.success成就，成功；B.experience经历，体验；C.attention 注意力，关心；D.thought 想法。弗兰克为学生所作的一切是都是他的经历，experience符合题意。句意：据弗兰克说的说法，他也从次次经历中学到了很多。故选：B。
二．说明文（共4小题）
8．（2021•上海二模）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Autism（自闭症）is a disorder of the brain that happens in the first three years of life. It （1）　C　 the brain's normal development. Most autistic patients have difficulty talking with other people or doing things. However， some of the autistic people have surprising abilities. For example， some can memorize many things and some can do calculations really fast.
Raymond Babbitt in the 1988 film Rain Man is an（2）　D　 of autistic people. The character in the film was based on Kim Peek， a man from the USA. Peek couldn't switch on a light or put his clothes on by himself. But his（3）　A　 was so surprising that he could remember almost anything. He could memorize every road， place and distance on maps. He could even remember almost every word in thousands of books. His way of reading was more（4）　B　. Peek could read two pages at the same time in just eight to ten seconds. He read the left page with his left eye and the right page with his right eye.
Scientists still don't know for sure why some autistic people have special talent after they have done a lot of research. There is one possible explanation. When certain parts of the brain are（5）　D　 by autism， other parts of the brain might get stronger. Therefore， special abilities were born.
But not all people with autism have special abilities.（6）　C　， autistic people with special abilities are rare and the abilities cannot be trained. According to research， only ten percent of autistic people show any signs of special talent.

（1）A. helps
B. increases
C. affects
D. records
（2）A. actress
B. inventor
C. owner
D. example
（3）A. memory
B. behavior
C. change
D. smile
（4）A. common
B. amazing
C. frightening
D. traditional
（5）A. rebuilt
B. recognized
C. repaired
D. damaged
（6）A. Above all
B. On average
C. In fact
D. In addition
【解答】（1）C 动词辨析。A帮助，B增加，C影响，D记录，根据下句 Most autistic patients have difficulty talking with other people or doing things大多数自闭症患者难以与他人交谈或做事，可知它影响大脑的正常发育，故答案是C。
（2）D 名词辨析。A演员，B发明家，C拥有者，D例子，根据下文可知这个电影是个例子，故答案是D。
（3）A 名词辨析。A记忆力，B行为，C改变，D微笑，根据后面so surprising that he could remember almost anything.他几乎什么都记得。可知记忆力很惊人，故答案是A。
（4）B 形容词辨析。A普通的，B另人称奇的，C害怕的，D传统的，根据下文Peek could read two pages at the same time in just eight to ten seconds. He read the left page with his left eye and the right page with his right eye.Peek可以在8到10秒内同时阅读两页。他用左眼看左页，用右眼看右页。可知阅读的方式也惊人，故答案是B。
（5）D 动词辨析。A重建，B组织，C修理，D破坏，根据下句other parts of the brain might get stronger. 大脑的其他部分可能会变得更强壮。可知应该是当大脑的某些部分被自闭症破坏时，大脑的其他部分可能会变得更强壮，故答案是D。
（6）C 短语辨析。A首先，B平均，C事实上，D另外，根据上句But not all people with autism have special abilities但并非所有自闭症患者都有特殊能力，下句说 autistic people with special abilities are rare and the abilities cannot be trained有特殊能力的孤独症患者很少见，这些能力是无法训练的，应该是事实上，有特殊能力的孤独症患者很少见，这些能力是无法训练的，故答案是C。
9．（2021•浦东新区模拟）Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）

Is there anyone around you who is a short sleeper？ A short sleeper is a person who regularly sleeps less than the average member of his age group.His nightly time of sleep is five hours or less. The short sleeper feels good after（1）　B　.
The limited time asleep is（2）　C　 to a short sleeper. It is not a
behavior of reducing the amount of sleep or refusing to sleep. This low
amount of sleep is very stable from night to night. It is also the same on weekends and holidays.
A pattern of short sleep often begins as a child or young adult. Once it begins， the pattern continues through the years. This pattern of short sleep may cause others to be worried. Family members or friends may think that something is（3）　A　.
Someone may tell a short sleeper to use medicine to help him sleep more. This will make him get sleep that he really does not need. It will bring him more（4）　D　. A short sleeper will also have trouble with his family and friends if he expects others to（5）　C　his pattern of sleep. Most people will not be able to do well with only five hours of sleep each night.
Short sleeping can be（6）　B　with insomnia（失眠）. Both conditions can cause a person to get a small amount of sleep at night. a person with insomnia has a hard time falling asleep or staying asleep The overall quality of his sleep may be very poor. This can cause him to be sleepy during the day. The short sleeper does not have any of these problems.
（1）A. staying up
B.waking up
C.growing up
D.giving up
（2）A.available
B.important
C.natural
D.special
（3）A.wrong
B.difficult
C.possible
D.common
（4）A.advice
B.differences
C.pleasure
D. problems
（5）A.change
B.improve
C.follow
D.balance
（6）A.familiar
B.confused
C.pleased
D.connected

【解答】（1）B 短语辨析。A熬夜，B醒来，C生长，D放弃，根据 The short sleeper feels good after及下文描述，应该是短睡眠者，醒后感觉很好，故应选B。
（2）C 形容词辨析。A可获得的，B重要的，C本能的，D特殊的。根据下文It is not a behaviour of reducing the amount of sleep or refusing to sleep可知，这不是一种有意为之的行为，而是一种本能，句意：对于一个短睡眠者来说，有限的睡眠时间是本能的，故应选A。
（3）A 形容词辨析。A错的，B困难的，C可能的，D普通的，根据上句This pattern of short sleep may cause others to be worried. 这种短暂的睡眠模式可能让其他人担忧。可知，别人可能会担心是不是出了什么问题，故应选A。
（4）D 名词辨析。A建议，B不同，C愉快，D问题，根据上文Someone may tell a short sleeper to use medicine to help him sleep more. This will make him get sleep that he really does not need. 有人可能会告诉睡眠不足的人用药物来帮助他睡得更多。这会使他得到真正不需要的睡眠。可知会给他带来麻烦，故选D。
（5）C 动词辨析。A改变，B提高，C跟随，D平衡。根据下文Most people will not be able to do well with only five hours of sleep each night可知，要家人和朋友和这些短睡眠者一样少睡是不可取的，C选项符合句意，句意：如果一个短睡眠者希望家人和朋友也追随他这种睡眠模式，他会在与他们相处中有麻烦的。故应选C。
（6）B 形容词辨析。A相似的，B困惑的，C高兴的，D有联系的，根据Short sleeping can be（6）with insomnia应该是短暂的睡眠会与失眠混淆，故应选B。
10．（2021•浦东新区二模）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词或词语完成 短文）
What comes to mind when you think of archaeologists （考古学家）？ Are they as cool as the characters in Hollywood hit movies？ Do they experience new adventures every day？ Let's discover the world of archaeologists.
Reaching spots
Historical treasures are often buried underground. To locate the proper place for （1）　C　， archaeologists do surveys to search for signs of ancient spots. These signs may be anything just like broken pieces of ancient tools.
It's difficult work. They walk across the areas in all kinds of weather， so it is often done by walking. Besides， it requires much experience and（2）　D　 knowledge to tell an ordinary rock from a stone tool， or tell a natural hill from a grass﹣covered historic site.
Researching
Archaeologists spend a lot of time in the lab studying the discoveries.（3）　B　， they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with modern technology.
The first thing they need to do is to recognize the age of the items discovered. They also（4）　C　 bones of humans or animals to find out the cause of their death and what they ate during their lifetime. After that， archaeologists draw the pictures of them on computers based on collected data.
Restoration （修复）
Ancient objects can be damaged in different ways.（5）　A　， bowls and cups are often broken into pieces， while metal tools usually get rusty （生锈的）. Before repairing， they use X﹣rays to look for damage. If the rust is harmful， they need to remove it and repair the object with special metal powder. In this process， restorers have to be extremely patient and careful so as not to damage the（6）　D　 of the objects.
Since the job can be physically tiring outdoors or need a long time work in the lab， most archaeologists are proud of their work. It's their hard work that has brought the lost treasures back to life.

（1）A. living
B. resting
C. digging
D. sightseeing
（2）A. junior
B. general
C. major
D.professional
（3）A. Carefully
B. Fortunately
C. Beautifully
D. Immediately
（4）A. contact
B. follow
C.examine
D. develop
（5）A. For example
B. In addition
C. At least
D. In return
（6）A. secret
B. temperature
C. weight
D. value

【解答】（1）C 动词辨析。A生活，B休息，C挖，D观光，根据后面 archaeologists do surveys to search for signs of ancient spots. 考古学家进行调查以寻找古代遗址的迹象。可知找到合适的挖掘地点，故答案是C。
（2）D 形容词辨析。A年少者，B一般的，C主要的，D专业的，根据语境： Besides， it requires much experience 此外，这需要很多经验和，应该是还需要专业知识，故答案是D。
（3）B 副词辨析。A小心地，B幸运的是，C漂亮地，D立即，根据后面they are now closer to answering those mysteries than ever with modern technology.他们现在比以往任何时候都更接近于用现代技术来解答这些谜团。可知是幸运地，故答案是B。
（4）C 动词辨析。A联络，B跟随，C检查，D发展，根据后面bones of humans or animals to find out the cause of their death and what they ate during their lifetime人类或动物的骨头，以找出他们的死亡原因和他们一生中吃了什么，应该是做检查，故答案是C。
（5）A 短语辨析。A例如，B此外，C至少，D作为回报，根据上句Ancient objects can be damaged in different ways.古代物品可能会以不同的方式被损坏。后面应该是举例说明，故答案是A。
（6）D 名词辨析。A秘密，B温度，C体重，D价值，根据本段谈的是修复文物，应该是在这个过程中，修复者必须非常耐心和小心，以免损坏物品的价值，故答案是D。
11．（2021•金山区二模）
Habits of Successful Language Learners
As a language learner，you are not alone.About 1.2 billion people worldwide are learning a（1）　D　language.However，not all of them enjoy success.We talked to hundreds of successful Language learners.They shared with us some of their habits.
One key to long﹣term success is working towards the goal（2）　B　.Most successful language learners make sure to spend a few minutes practicing every day.We also studied some"nine﹣to﹣
fivers（朝九晚五）".These language learners practice their language only in class.In the long run，they show much（3）　A　progress than those who practice daily.They are also more likely to"drop out".
The second habit of successful language learners is that they don't "binge study（临时抱佛脚）".Instead，they make progress through a number of short study sessions over a longer period of time.Learners who practice now and then for a marathon to catch up are more likely to give up altogether.
Some language learners always want to learn as much new material as they can.But it has been proved that one gradually forgets what he or she has learned over time.Let's be honest：Do you still remember all the English words and expressions you learned last year？Successful language learners（4）　A　the old material regularly.Regular revision turns your short﹣term memory into long﹣term memory.
Are you having a hard time improving your English？Then you may try to（5）　C　these three habits.Don't worry if it takes time.Mastering a second language is a long（6）　B　﹣﹣it should take time!

（1）A.ancient
B.modern
C.official
D.foreign
（2）A.sooner or later
B.all the time
C.over and over
D.in a hurry
（3）A.slower
B.faster
C.further
D.better
（4）A.go over
B.take away
C.collect
D.produce
（5）A.break
B.change
C.develop
D.kick
（6）A.program
B.process
C.history
D.life
【解答】（1）D 形容词辨析。A古老的，B现代的，C官方的，D外国的，根据上句As a language learner，you are not alone.作为一个语言学习者，你并不孤单。可知全世界大约有12亿人在学习一门外语，故答案是D。
（2）B 短语辨析。A迟早，B一直，C一遍又一遍的，D匆忙的，根据下句Most successful language learners make sure to spend a few minutes practicing every day.大多数成功的语言学习者每天都要花上几分钟来练习。可知长期成功的一个关键是一直朝着目标努力，故答案是B。
（3）A 形容词辨析。A更慢的，B更快的，C更远的，D更好的，根据后面They are also more likely to"drop out".他们也更有可能"退学"。可知取得的进步较慢，故答案是A。
（4）A 短语辨析。A复习，B带走，C收集，D生产，根据后面Regular revision turns your short﹣term memory into long﹣term memory.定期复习会把你的短期记忆变成长期记忆。应该是成功的学习者要定期复习旧材料，故答案是A。
（5）C 动词辨析。A打破，B改变，C发展，D踢，根据上文描述，可知然后你可以试着养成这三个习惯。故答案是C。
（6）B 名 词辨析。A节目，B过程，C历史，D生活，根据上文描述，可知掌握第二语言是一个漫长的过程﹣﹣它需要时间！故答案是B。
三．议论文（共5小题）
12．（2021•上海）What do you need for an invention to be a success？
To begin with，good timing is very（1）　B　.You can have a good idea which the public doesn't want yet.Take Giovanni Caselli as an example.He invented the first fax machine in the 1860s.Though the quality was excellent，his invention quickly （2）　A　.The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.
Money also helps.The Frenchman Denis Papin had the idea for a steam engine almost a hundred years before James Watt was born.Denis never had enough money to （3）　D　one.
You also need to be patient.It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb. （4）　A　，you shouldn't be too slow.In the 1870s，Elisha Gray developed plans for a telephone.Gray saw it only as "a beautiful toy".When he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office（专利局）on February 14th，1876，it was too （5）　C　.Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier.The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell.He is remembered as the inventor of the telephone.
Of course what you really need is a wonderful idea.If you haven't got one，a walk in the countryside and a careful look at （6）　B　can help.The Swiss scientist，George de Mestral，had the idea for Velcro （粘扣） when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.

（1）A.interesting
B.important
C.personal
D.satisfying
（2）A.died
B.improved
C.spread
D.appeared
（3）A.deliver
B.repair
C.use
D.build
（4）A.However
B.Instead
C.So far
D.At last
（5）A.modern
B.difficult
C.late
D.old
（6）A.society
B.nature
C.pictures
D.advertisements


【解答】（1）B 形容词辨析。A有趣的，B重要的，C私人的，D满意的，根据下句You can have a good idea which the public doesn't want yet.你能有一个公众还不想要的好主意。可知好的开始很重要，故答案是B。
（2）A 动词辨析。A死，B提高，C扩散，D出现，前面tough很重要意味尽管品质很好，他的发明还是迅速的停止传播（死掉），直到1980年电报才在每个公司成为了必须的装备，故答案是A。
（3）D 动词辨析。A传送，B修理，C使用，D建造，根据上句The Frenchman Denis Papin had the idea for a steam engine almost a hundred years before James Watt was born.法国人丹尼斯•帕宾（Denis Papin）在詹姆斯•瓦特（James Watt）出生前将近一百年就有了蒸汽机的想法，这里应该是他没有钱建造一个，故答案是D。
（4）A 连词辨析。A然而，B代替，C到目前为止，D最后，根据上句You also need to be patient.It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb.你还需要耐心。科学家们花了将近80年的时间发明了一个灯泡。及后面例子it was too late.Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier.太晚了，几乎相同的设计在两个小时前到达。可知表转折，然而也不能太慢了，故答案是A。
（5）C 形容词辨析。A现代的，B困难的，C晚的，D老的，根据后面Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier.几乎相同的设计在两个小时前到达。可知已经晚了，故答案是C。
（6）B 名词辨析。A社会，B自然，C图片，D广告，根据a walk in the countryside 在乡下，应该是看自然风景，故答案是B。
13．（2021•宝山区二模）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Students in China have one less things to put in their backpacks these days.The government recently banned（禁止）smartphones in public schools for all students through nine grades.Many schools around the world like Germany，Japan，the United States have similar bans.
Some educators say kids pay better attention in class when they aren't looking at their phones all the time.They say banning phones（1）　D　 students to talk to each other more.
Most teachers would agree that they don't want a classroom full of kids texting（发短信）.But many say a total ban on phones isn't（2）　B　.Some people argue that it's better to teach kids to use technology responsibly than take it away.Also，many parents point out that they need to be able to reach their kids during the day.
Yes!Smartphones make it（3）　A　 for students to concentrate in class.Kids might play games，watch videos，or check out apps instead of paying attention to the teacher.They can easily miss important information.Besides，a ringing or buzzing phone distracts（使……分心）other students.Also，some kids might use their phones to cheat.They could go online and look up（4）　B　 to a test，or they could turn to their friends for help.
No!Students should be able to have their phones with them in case of an （5）　D　.Kids need a way to get in touch with their parents if they get sick，if the school bus breaks down，or even if they forget their lunch at home.Smartphones can actually help kids do better in school.We can use them to go online and do research for a class project or for help with writing essays.（6）　C　，there are great educational apps we can use.They can help us study better.It's not a good idea to ban phones in school.

（1）A.begs
B.invites
C.teaches
D.encourages
（2）A.important
B.necessary
C.enough
D.effective
（3）A.difficult
B.right
C.interesting
D.disappointing
（4）A.ideas
B.answers
C.news
D.dictionaries
（5）A.event
B.interview
C.argument
D.emergency
（6）A.For example
B.In brief
C.In addition
D.As a result
【解答】（1）D 动词辨析。A乞求，B邀请，C教，D鼓励，根据上句They say banning phones他们说禁止打电话，应该是鼓励学生多交谈，故答案是D。
（2）B 形容词辨析。A重要的，B必要的，C足够的，D有效的，根据下句Some people argue that it's better to teach kids to use technology responsibly than take it away.有些人认为，教孩子负责任地使用科技比把科技拿走要好。可知但许多人说，完全禁止手机是没有必要的，故答案是B。
（3）A 形容词辨析。A困难的，B正确的，C有趣的，D失望的，根据下句 Kids might play games，watch videos，or check out apps instead of paying attention to the teacher.孩子们可能会玩游戏、看视频或查看应用程序，而不是关注老师。可知智能手机使学生在课堂上很难集中注意力，故答案是A。
（4）B 名词辨析。A主意，想法，B答案，C消息，D词典，根据上句Also，some kids might use their phones to cheat.另外，有些孩子可能会用手机作弊。可知应该是用手机上网找答案，故答案是B。
（5）D 名词辨析。A事件，B采访，C争论，D紧急情况，根据下句Kids need a way to get in touch with their parents if they get sick，if the school bus breaks down，or even if they forget their lunch at home.如果孩子们生病了，校车坏了，甚至忘了在家吃午饭，他们都需要一种与父母联系的方式。可知学生们应该能够在紧急情况下随身携带手机，故答案是D。
（6）C 短语辨析。A例如，B简而言之，B此外，C因此，根据上句We can use them to go online and do research for a class project or for help with writing essays.我们可以利用它们上网，为班级项目做研究，或者帮助写论文，后面there are great educational apps we can use我们可以使用一些很好的教育应用程序，此外符合语境，故答案是C。
14．（2021•黄浦区二模）It can be an awful feeling when you realize you've said or done something wrong.Maybe you told a friend something that turned out to be totally false.Whatever the reason for being wrong，admitting it can make you upset.
No one enjoys putting up his hand to say： "I was wrong." You become responsible for your mistake，and that can make you feel （1）　D　.Admitting a mistake challenges your pride and can damage your confidence.Saying you were wrong means having to（2）　A　that you're not always right or perfect.
Of course，having a sense of pride in yourself isn't a bad thing.When you are proud of your good abilities，appearance and achievements，it's good and encourages healthy feelings.But it will become a（3）　C　when you are too proud to admit.Some people will try to avoid admitting being wrong.They will deny，make（4）　B　attack someone or something else because it's easier than finding their own problems.
Imagine switching off your pride for a moment and focus only on the facts of a situation that has caused you to make a mistake.When you consider the matter based on facts，it's usually easy to see the （5）　A　way to go.When you can say you were wrong and offer a sincere apology，it will help to clear up a situation.
So，don't be afraid to make mistakes and don't be too proud to say you are wrong.You are human and on a beautiful （6）　C　that will often test you.Take control of your pride，do what feels right and learn from experience.

（1）A.surprised
B.angry
C.strange
D.embarrassed
（2）A.accept
B.complain
C.pretend
D.believe
（3）A.change
B.secret
C.problem
D.difference
（4）A.choices
B.excuses
C.decisions
D.noises
（5）A.right
B.same
C.simple
D.convenient
（6）A.future
B.direction
C.journey
D.exchange
【解答】（1）D．形容词辨析．A惊讶的，B生气的，C陌生的，D尴尬的，根据You become responsible for your mistake，and that can make you feel 你要为你的错误负责，这会让你感到﹣﹣，应该是尴尬，故答案是D．
（2）A．动词辨析．A接受，B抱怨，C假装，D相信，根据前面Saying you were wrong 说你错了意味着你不得不接受你并不总是对的或完美的，故答案是A．
（3）C．名词辨析．A改变，B秘密，C问题，D不同，根据下文 finding their own problems.可知但当你骄傲得不敢承认的时候，它就会成为一个问题，故答案是C．
（4）B．名词辨析．A选择，B理由，C决定，D声音，根据前面They will deny他们会否认，应该是找借口攻击别人或其他东西，因为这比发现自己的问题容易，故答案是B．
（5）A．形容词辨析．A正确的，B相同的，C简单的，D方便的，根据When you consider the matter based on facts当你根据事实来考虑这件事的时候（承认错误），通常很容易看出正确的方向。故答案是A．
（6）C．名词辨析．A未来，B方向，C旅程，D交换，根据语境，应该是你是人，在一个美丽的人生旅程中，往往会考验你，故答案是C．
15．（2021•奉贤区二模）Smart phones and e﹣readers have become more common in recent years.Some people worry that the days of paper books will be gone.But surveys have shown that traditional books are still（1）　B　 among readers.
Research company Nielsen found that in the UK，sales of e﹣books are（2）　A　 while sales of paper books are rising.More surprisingly，it's young people who are buying the most physical books.Another survey of university students from the United States.Slovakia（斯洛伐克），Japan and Germany also showed that 92 percent of them（3）　B　paper books.
The most popular reason given was："I like to hold the products." It's is true that paper books bring a very different reading（4）　D　.Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books.Other students said that they get a sense of accomplishment（成就）when they finish reading a paper book and they enjoy seeing it on the bookshelf.
Paper books can also be very（5）　B　 objects （物品） to lovers of reading.Many people like to sign their names on the inside cover.It's as if readers of paper books make friends with them.
This "friendship" people develop with books isn't 'just sentimental （情感上的）.Research has shown that readers remember more information reading from paper books than e﹣books.People also more easily（6）　C　headaches or sore eyes while reading e﹣books.
It seems that paper books，which have been in production since the 15th century，still have an attraction.

（1）A.familiar
B popular
C.interesting
D.comfortable
（2）A.falling
B.climbing
C.happening
D.beginning
（3）A.predicted
B.preferred
C.protected
D.prevented
（4）A.excuse
B.experiment
C.exercise
D.experience
（5）A.creative
B.personal
C.common
D.relaxing
（6）A.come up with
B.keep up with
C.end up with
D.get along with

【解答】（1）．B 考查介词．根据语境"Some people worry that the days of paper books will be gone.But surveys have shown that traditional books are still 一些人担忧纸质书的时代会过去，但最近的调查显示，传统书籍仍…"，考虑到转折连词but，意为"但是"，故答案为 B；
（2）．A 考查动词．根据语境"尼尔森研究公司发现，在英国，电子书的销量在下降，而纸质书的销量在上升"，考虑用动词fall，意为"下降"，由下文are rising推断此处填﹣ing形式，故答案为 A；
（3）．B 考查前后语境的联系．根据语境"斯洛伐克和日本也显示出92%的人更喜欢平装本"，also表达也的意思，和上面的情况一致。故答案为 B；
（4）．D 考查前后语境的联系．根据语境"Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books.Other students said that they get a sense of accomplishment（成就）when they finish reading a paper book and they enjoy seeing it on the bookshelf.，可推知为一种经历，故答案为 D；
（5）．B 考查前后语境的联系．根据语境"Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books."，人们把自己的名字写到里面的封面上，可推知是比较私人化的，故答案为 B；
（6）．C 考查前后语境的联系．根据语境"headaches or sore eyes while reading e﹣books."，这为看电子书造成的后果。故答案为C。
16．（2021•闵行区二模）Choose the best answer and complete the passage. （选择最恰当的选项完成短文）
Many people think of sharks as dangerous monsters.But human beings pose a far greater danger to these creatures than they do to us.Although shark attacks do occur，they are quite（1）　A　.On the other hand，according to one research，humans kill 100 million sharks every year.This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out.
●（2）　C　should we save the sharks？
The killing of sharks is a problem for the whole planet.Sharks eat other species （物种），but few creatures eat them.As sharks die off，the populations of the animals that sharks eat will（3）　D　.This，in turn，means that the populations of the creatures that those animals eat will shrink.That includes some sea creatures that humans consume，such as shrimps.It also includes fish that eat algae （藻类），which can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs.
Shrinking shark populations affects more than just the ocean.Ocean plants produce much of the oxygen on the planet.These plants can be harmed when changes in the shark population upset the ecosystem.
● Don't use shark products.
Shark liver oil is used in many popular cosmetics （化妆品） .Pet foods，vitamins，energy drinks and leather goods can（4）　B　 be made from shark parts.And shark meat is sold around the world，sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish.
Most sharks killed worldwide are hunted for their fins，which are used to make shark fin soup.The（5）　A　is cruel：Fishermen cut the shark's fins off and then throw the shark back into the water.Then the shark dies slowly，sometimes over several days.Sharks breathe by swimming，so a shark that can't swim will die.
● Eat only sustainably （可持续地） caught seafood.
Sharks often die because they are caught in nets.If you eat seafood，make sure it comes from fish farms that（6）　C　 the oceans.

（1）A.rare
B.strange
C.natural
D.general
（2）A.How
B.When
C.Why
D.Where
（3）A.match
B.depend
C.limit
D.increase
（4）A.even
B.also
C.ever
D.always
（5）A.process
B.situation
C.progress
D.attitude
（6）A.cut down
B.care for
C.keep off
D.consist of
【解答】（1）A 形容词辨析。A罕见的，B陌生的，C自然的，D一般的，根据上句 Although shark attacks do occur虽然鲨鱼确实袭击，后面应该是但是另一方面他们相当的稀少，故答案是A。
（2）C 疑问词辨析。A怎样，B何时，C为什么，D哪儿，根据语境，应该是我们为什么应该挽救鲨鱼呢？故答案是C。
（3）D 动词辨析。A匹配，B依靠，C限制，D增加，根据前面 As sharks die off随着鲨鱼的死亡，鲨鱼吃的动物的数量将会增加，故答案是D。
（4）B 副词辨析。A甚至，B也，C曾经，D总是，根据句意：宠物食物，维生素，功能饮料和皮革制品可能也可以用鲨鱼的身体部位来做成，故答案是B。
（5）A 名词辨析。A过程，B情况，C进步，D态度，根据下文Fishermen cut the shark's fins off and then throw the shark back into the water.Then the shark dies slowly，sometimes over several days.Sharks breathe by swimming，so a shark that can't swim will die.渔夫把鲨鱼的鳍割下来，然后把鲨鱼扔回水中。然后鲨鱼慢慢地死去，有时几天。鲨鱼靠游泳呼吸，所以不会游泳的鲨鱼会死。可知这个过程是残酷的，故答案是A。
（6）C 短语辨析。A砍伐，B关心，C远离，D包括，根据上句Sharks often die because they are caught in nets.鲨鱼常因被网捕而死亡。这里应该是：如果你吃海鲜的话，确保它来自于与大海隔开的渔场，故答案是C。