北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?教学ppt课件

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1. Hw many f yu use scial media?2. Which scial media d yu have a persnal accunt?
Activate and share
Wrk in grups and discuss the questin. Hw many cntacts d yu have n scial media? Hw many peple d yu regularly cmmunicate with?
Have yu heard f the thery “Six Degrees Separatin”?D yu knw hw many pepe yu can cnnect with any ther persn n the planet?
Read the article and find the main idea.
This article intrduces what the thery f “Six Degrees Separatin” is and hw it develps.
Read the first tw paragraphs f the article. What des the thery “Six Degrees f Separatin” mean and wh invented this thery?
It states that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple. The thery was first intrduced by Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy in the early 20th century.
Read the rest f the article. Find ut abut the develpment f the thery. Take nwts in the table belw.
Stanley Milgram
He chse a randm sample f peple in the middle f America and asked them t send package t a stranger in the state f Massachusettes.
It nly tk between five and seven peple t get the parcels delivered.
Tw cllege students in the United States
They invented a game. The idea f the game was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn, a famus American actr and musician, thrugh n mre than six links.
The game was being played in universities acrss the United States.
Clumbia University
“Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”: Clumbia University tried t recreate Milgram’s experiment n the Internet. The experiment invlved 24,163 email chains with 18 target peple in 13 different cuntries.
The results cnfirmed that the average number f links in the chain was six.
the University f Milan
The experiment analysed the relatinship between 721 millin scial media users.
92% were cnnected by nly fur stages.
Cmplete the sentences with the crrect frm f the wrds.
1. In 1967, a __________ Stanley Milgram did an experiment t find ut hw many degrees f separatin there were between strangers in different parts f American.2. All f the _________ in Milgram’s experiment were delivered t the right peple after passing thrugh the hands f between five and seven peple.
randm scilgist netwrk publish package chain
3. The results f Milgram’s experiment ______________ in the magazine Psychlgy Tday.4. The result f the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject” cnfirmed that the average number f links in the ______ was six.5. Peple ding experiments int “Six Degrees f Separatin”usually chse a _______ sample f peple t take part t make the results mre reliable. 6. Recently, creating and grwing yur scial _______ has becme mre imprtant than ever befre due t the grwth f scial media.
were published
Read the article again. Answer the questins.
1. When did the term “Six Degrees f Separatin”first appeared?2. What happened in the 1950s?
It first appeared in the 1920s.
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by tw scientists t prve the thery mathematically.
3. What did Stanley Milgram d?4. What infrmatin f the stranger did the peple get befre they sent the packages in the Stanley Milgram’s test?
He tried using a new methd t test the thery, which he called “small-wrld prblem”.
They nly knew the name, jb and general lcatin f the stranger.
5. Hw many peple did it take fr the parcel t reach the right persn in Milgram’s experiment?6. Hw did the thery influence the entertainment industry?
It nly tk between five and seven peple fr the parcel t reach the right persn in the experiment.
First, its name was used as the title f a play and a film. Then, mre films and TV prgrammes were prduced and bradcast n the basis f the cncept.
7. What is the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”? 8. What was the result f Clumbia University’s experiment?
Clumbia University recreated Milgram’s experiment n the Internet in 2003, which was knwn as the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”.
The average number f links in the email chain was six.
9. What was the result f the University f Milan’s research?
Of the 721 millin scial media users, 92% need nly g thrugh fur stages (i.e. five degrees f separatin) t establish a cnnectin.
1 Why did Milgram and Clumbia University bth label their experiments “Small wrld”?
Because they believed that any persn n Earth culd be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther persn. In this sense the wrld is small.
Think and share
2 Why d yu think peple study hw peple are cnnected?
Prbably peple want t study the structures f human sciety, the rules f human scial activities, and hw peple are cnnected with each ther.
Discuss and decide what experiment yu can carry ut t find ut hw many degrees f separatin there are between peple wh dn’t knw each ther. Cnsider:hw many peple will participate in the experiment?what will the participants d?hw will yu find ut the results f the experiment?
Search nline and find details abut the “small-wrld prblem”, “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject” r ther experiments related t the thery. Write a shrt reprt n yur findings.