译林版2019选修四UNIT 3 突破 语法大冲关学案

这是一份译林版2019选修四UNIT 3 突破 语法大冲关学案，共6页。

[观察例句]
1．Whether it will d us harm remains t be seen．
2．The prblem is hw we can find him．
3．He asked when the train wuld get in．
4．There is sme dubt whether he will cme．
[归纳用法]
名词性从句是指具有名词作用的从句。因为名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以名词性从句又分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。
一、主语从句
1．主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句。主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如what，wh，which，when，where，hw，why等。如：
That we shall be late is certain．
我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
What he says is nt imprtant．
他说的话并不重要。
Hw this happened is nt clear t anyne．
这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Which side wins makes n difference t him．
哪边赢他都无所谓。
2．有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语放在句首，而把主语从句这一真正的主语后置。如：
It's a pity that he didn't cme．
很遗憾他没来。
It's nt yet knwn what she did．
她做了什么还不得而知。
It was uncertain whether he culd cme r nt．
他是否会来还不确定。
二、表语从句
1．表语从句就是在复合句中用作表语的从句。一般说来，主语从句的引导词that，what，wh，which，when，where，hw，why，whether等也可用于引导表语从句。如：
My idea is that we shuld d it right away．
我的意见是马上就干。
That is what he meant．
这就是他的意思。
The mrning is when I'm the busiest．
早上是我最忙的时候。
That's where yu are wrng．
这就是你不对的地方。
That's why he didn't cme．
这就是他没有来的原因。
2．表语从句还可以用as if，as thugh，because等来引导。如：
It is because he is t flish．
那是因为他太愚蠢了。
It lks as if it is ging t rain．
看来要下雨了。
三、宾语从句
1．宾语从句就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句。一般说来，主语从句的引导词也可用于引导宾语从句。如：
We believe that he is hnest．
我们相信他是诚实的。
She has gt what she wanted．
她要的东西得到了。
I haven't decided whether I shuld g．
我还没决定我是否会去。
I asked hw he was getting n．
我问他情况怎样。
He asked me where I was ging．
他问我到哪儿去。
Please tell me which yu like．
告诉我你喜欢哪一个。
He asked wh lived next dr．
他问谁住在隔壁。
She asked why he was silent．
她问他为什么一言不发。
2．if与whether：if通常不用于引导主语从句或表语从句；但可以用于引导宾语从句，与whether用法相同，常可互换。如：
I wnder if/whether it's large enugh．
不知它是否够大。
She didn't say if/whether he was still alive．
她没说他是否还活着。
但是，当用于介词后引导宾语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：
I wrry abut whether I am wrng．
我为是否是我错了而忧虑。
3．that的省略：that引导主语从句或表语从句时通常不省略，但引导宾语从句时可以省略。如：
She said (that) she didn't want t knw．
她说她不想知道。
I dn't think (that) she's interested in it．
我想她对这事没有兴趣。
4．否定转移：当主句主语为第一人称，且谓语动词为think，believe，suppse，expect，imagine等，若其后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，通常将否定词转移到主句上。如：
I dn't think that he will leave．
我认为他不会离开。
I dn't believe that it is easy．
我相信这不会容易。
5．介词后也可跟宾语从句，但不用that引导，一般常用wh­引导。
I can't agree with what he said．
我不同意他所说的话。
I wrried abut whether I hurt her feelings．
我担心我是不是伤了她的感情。
6．一些表示心理感情色彩的形容词，其后也可跟宾语从句，这时的宾语从句一般理解为主句的原因。这类形容词有sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，srry等。
I am sure that we will make it in spite f the great truble．
我确信不管困难多大，我们都会取得成功的。
四、同位语从句
1．所谓同位语，就是指两个同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，它们指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，这时后一语言单位被称为前一语言单位的同位语。所谓同位语从句，就是指名词后对该名词进行解释说明的从句。如：
The judge paid n attentin t the fact that she had just lst her husband．
法官毫不关注她刚刚失去丈夫这一事实。
句中的that she had just lst her husband具体说明the fact的内容。
Mary suddenly gt the feeling that smene was watching her．
玛丽突然感到有人在看她。
句中的that smene was watching her具体说明the feeling的内容。
英语中只有少数名词可后接同位语从句，比较常见的有belief，dubt，fact，feeling，hpe，idea，message，news，pinin等。
2．同位语从句的引导词比较有限，主要是由that引导，有时也可用when，hw，where，whether，wh等引导，但是不能用if或what来引导。如：
Yu have n idea hw wrried I was!
你不知道我有多着急！
He had n idea why she left．
他不知道她为什么离开。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①But ur plan is that these girls will apply what they learn t ther girls thrugh the pwer f their vice．
②What made the schl prud was that mre than 90% f the students had been admitted t key universities．
③The cmpanies are wrking tgether t create what will be the best means f transprt in the 21st century．
④The manager put frward a suggestin that we shuld have an assistant．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The cuntries shuld wrk tgether t find what will be the best apprach t treating COVID­19．
2．What his parents really dubt is whether he will devte himself t his study as a cllege student．
3．Many peple think that everyne shuld be equally paid，and this is where I disagree．
4．Whever cmmits a crime can never escape frm being punished．
5．We d nt knw when man first began t use salt，but we d knw that it has been used in many different ways thrughut histry．
6．On the train ride hme，Patty asked her parents which side she was n．
7．He's mre a talker than a der．That is why he never finishes anything．
8．I hld the belief that yu can believe in him．
9．Facing s many vegetables，the pr lady had t buy whichever was the cheapest．
10．The humble apartment is where the great writer nce lived．
Ⅱ．短文语法填空
New parents are always wrried abut 1.that they might be making a mistake with their new baby.The baby cries，and they dn't knw 2.whether/if they shuld let him cry r pick him up.The baby is sick，and they have n idea 3.what they shuld d.“Trust 4.yurself(yu).Yu knw mre than yu think yu d.” This is 5.what Benjamin Spck wrte in his famus bk Dr.Spck 's Baby and Child Care.
Befre Dr.Spck's bk appeared，experts suggested that parents avid 6.giving(give) their children t much attentin.They tld parents t break children's bad ，Spck disagreed and decided 8.that he wuld write a bk.In his pinin，it is natural 9.that every baby needs t be smiled at，talked t and played with.He tld parents t be natural and enjy their baby.
There is n dubt 10.that Dr.Spck will be remembered fr his cmmn­sense advice.