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译林版2019选修四UNIT 4 突破 语法大冲关学案
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这是一份译林版2019选修四UNIT 4 突破 语法大冲关学案，共4页。
[观察例句]
1．He ften reads English in the mrning．
2．Yu help him and he helps yu．
3．The freign visitrs tk a lt f pictures when they were at the Great Wall．
4．The pliceman lked at me suspiciusly，and asked me what I wanted．
[归纳用法]
按照句子的结构来分，英语句子有以下四类：
一、简单句
从句子结构上看，有些句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，只要句子只包含一个主谓结构，这样的句子就是简单句。简单句有8种基本句型。
1．主语＋不及物动词
The wedding day arrived．
婚礼这一天到来了。
2．主语＋连系动词＋表语
He is a gd teacher．
他是个好老师。
3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语
They are singing a sng．
他们在唱歌。
4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
We gave him sme mney．
我们给了他一些钱。
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补
We fund the film very interesting．
我们发现这部电影很有意思。
6．主语＋不及物动词＋状语
Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn．
我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
7．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语
We study English very hard．
我们努力学习英语。
8．存现句
There are sme bks n the desk．
课桌上有几本书。
二、并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上的分句构成。其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。最常用的并列连词有and，r和but。
There are many idims used in English and quite a few f them cme frm Shakespeare's plays．
英语中有许多的习语，其中许多源自莎士比亚的戏剧作品。
He ften gets up early，r he will be late fr schl．
他经常早起，不然就会上学迟到。
并列连词不能和从属连词对应使用。如不可以说：Because．．．s．．．，Althugh．．．but．．．。
三、复合句
当两个分句不是处于并列地位，而是一种主从关系时，便构成复合句(亦称复杂句)。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whse，which，while，what，wh，whm，althugh等。复合句中的从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1．名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
When we shall have ur sprts meeting is still a questin．(主语从句)
We are discussing where we have ur sprts meeting．(宾语从句)
The fact that ur team wn the game is true．(同位语从句)
—Are yu still thinking abut yesterday's game?
—Oh，that's what makes me feel excited．(表语从句)
2．形容词性从句又叫作定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whm，wh，whse，as和关系副词when，where，why。
This is the place which/that we visited．
I was the nly persn in my ffice wh was married．
The exams were put ff，which/as was exactly wnderful．
The place where the bridge is suppsed t be built shuld be where the crssriver traffic is the heaviest．
3．副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。
I had hardly sat dwn when the telephne rang．(时间)
Since nbdy is against the plan，let's begin．(原因)
He sent the letter by airmail in rder that it might reach them in gd time．(目的)
He didn't stp wrking thugh/althugh he was badly ill．(让步)
四、并列复合句
并列句中的分句含有一个或一个以上的从句时，便成为并列复合句。
Althugh he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him．
尽管他学习非常刻苦，但考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。
The team captain jumped fr jy，and the fans cheered because we wn the state champinship．
队长高兴得跳起来，球迷们因我们获得州冠军而欢呼。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nt nly did we write t her but we called her up．
②He hasn't any mney s I'm ging t lend him sme．
③The child was sick；he，therefre，didn't g t schl．
④Mary was neither happy，nr was she sad．
⑤Put n mre clthes，r yu'll catch a cld．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．He culdn't knw the truth abut me，r he wuldn't treat me like this．
2．The bell is ringing and the lessn is ver．
3．Althugh he was ill，still/yet he kept n wrking．
4．I can't make up my mind whether we will g t Shanghai r we will stay in ur city．
5．He desn't talk much，but he thinks a lt．
6．It must have rained last night fr the grund is still wet．
7．The president will visit the twn in May，when he will pen the new hspital．
8．Jane was dressed in green while Mary was dressed in blue．
9．Either he did nt speak distinctly r I did nt hear it clearly．
10．Hwever yu lk at it，it is ging t cst a lt．
Ⅱ．短文语法填空
1．Hw the J Street Band gt tgether is an interesting stry．Lead singer Jeremy put the band tgether．He held a blind auditin fr interested musicians．It was surprising 2．wh/whm he chse．He selected a guitarist wh was 70 years ld．It made n difference 3．whether he was ld r yung—the guy rcked!
They play mstly their wn sngs．Their style f music is unique．Eric is the ne wh writes the lyrics．In 2013 they had a number ne hit．Cheering fans greet them everywhere．Their ability t appeal t mixed audiences is 4．what makes them different．They will start their natinal tur frm San Jse this year．The reasn 5．why they g n this tur is 6．that they lve the things they d．
It's hard t say 7．what makes a band successful．What matters mst is 8．that the fans like the band's sngs and style．Hwever，mst peple dn't realize 9．hw lng musicians wrk in the shadws befre achieving recgnitin．Bth talent and hard wrk are required if they want t achieve 10．what they dream f．
[观察例句]
1．He ften reads English in the mrning．
2．Yu help him and he helps yu．
3．The freign visitrs tk a lt f pictures when they were at the Great Wall．
4．The pliceman lked at me suspiciusly，and asked me what I wanted．
[归纳用法]
按照句子的结构来分，英语句子有以下四类：
一、简单句
从句子结构上看，有些句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，只要句子只包含一个主谓结构，这样的句子就是简单句。简单句有8种基本句型。
1．主语＋不及物动词
The wedding day arrived．
婚礼这一天到来了。
2．主语＋连系动词＋表语
He is a gd teacher．
他是个好老师。
3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语
They are singing a sng．
他们在唱歌。
4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
We gave him sme mney．
我们给了他一些钱。
5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补
We fund the film very interesting．
我们发现这部电影很有意思。
6．主语＋不及物动词＋状语
Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn．
我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
7．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语
We study English very hard．
我们努力学习英语。
8．存现句
There are sme bks n the desk．
课桌上有几本书。
二、并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上的分句构成。其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。最常用的并列连词有and，r和but。
There are many idims used in English and quite a few f them cme frm Shakespeare's plays．
英语中有许多的习语，其中许多源自莎士比亚的戏剧作品。
He ften gets up early，r he will be late fr schl．
他经常早起，不然就会上学迟到。
并列连词不能和从属连词对应使用。如不可以说：Because．．．s．．．，Althugh．．．but．．．。
三、复合句
当两个分句不是处于并列地位，而是一种主从关系时，便构成复合句(亦称复杂句)。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whse，which，while，what，wh，whm，althugh等。复合句中的从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1．名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
When we shall have ur sprts meeting is still a questin．(主语从句)
We are discussing where we have ur sprts meeting．(宾语从句)
The fact that ur team wn the game is true．(同位语从句)
—Are yu still thinking abut yesterday's game?
—Oh，that's what makes me feel excited．(表语从句)
2．形容词性从句又叫作定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whm，wh，whse，as和关系副词when，where，why。
This is the place which/that we visited．
I was the nly persn in my ffice wh was married．
The exams were put ff，which/as was exactly wnderful．
The place where the bridge is suppsed t be built shuld be where the crssriver traffic is the heaviest．
3．副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。
I had hardly sat dwn when the telephne rang．(时间)
Since nbdy is against the plan，let's begin．(原因)
He sent the letter by airmail in rder that it might reach them in gd time．(目的)
He didn't stp wrking thugh/althugh he was badly ill．(让步)
四、并列复合句
并列句中的分句含有一个或一个以上的从句时，便成为并列复合句。
Althugh he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him．
尽管他学习非常刻苦，但考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。
The team captain jumped fr jy，and the fans cheered because we wn the state champinship．
队长高兴得跳起来，球迷们因我们获得州冠军而欢呼。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nt nly did we write t her but we called her up．
②He hasn't any mney s I'm ging t lend him sme．
③The child was sick；he，therefre，didn't g t schl．
④Mary was neither happy，nr was she sad．
⑤Put n mre clthes，r yu'll catch a cld．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．He culdn't knw the truth abut me，r he wuldn't treat me like this．
2．The bell is ringing and the lessn is ver．
3．Althugh he was ill，still/yet he kept n wrking．
4．I can't make up my mind whether we will g t Shanghai r we will stay in ur city．
5．He desn't talk much，but he thinks a lt．
6．It must have rained last night fr the grund is still wet．
7．The president will visit the twn in May，when he will pen the new hspital．
8．Jane was dressed in green while Mary was dressed in blue．
9．Either he did nt speak distinctly r I did nt hear it clearly．
10．Hwever yu lk at it，it is ging t cst a lt．
Ⅱ．短文语法填空
1．Hw the J Street Band gt tgether is an interesting stry．Lead singer Jeremy put the band tgether．He held a blind auditin fr interested musicians．It was surprising 2．wh/whm he chse．He selected a guitarist wh was 70 years ld．It made n difference 3．whether he was ld r yung—the guy rcked!
They play mstly their wn sngs．Their style f music is unique．Eric is the ne wh writes the lyrics．In 2013 they had a number ne hit．Cheering fans greet them everywhere．Their ability t appeal t mixed audiences is 4．what makes them different．They will start their natinal tur frm San Jse this year．The reasn 5．why they g n this tur is 6．that they lve the things they d．
It's hard t say 7．what makes a band successful．What matters mst is 8．that the fans like the band's sngs and style．Hwever，mst peple dn't realize 9．hw lng musicians wrk in the shadws befre achieving recgnitin．Bth talent and hard wrk are required if they want t achieve 10．what they dream f．
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