北京高考英语阅读表达模拟训练（附解析）

这是一份北京高考英语阅读表达模拟训练（附解析），共26页。

阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but 7also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception (感知), attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
“We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
“Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors,” noted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform.”
1．What may an online profile photo reflect?
2．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
4．Apart from cultural differences, what other factors might influence one’s choice of profile photo on social media?
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Two-drink limit at Wetherspoon’s for parents of rowdy children
The pub chain JD Wetherspoon has insisted families are welcome but on the premises despite advising staff to make them agree a limit of two alcoholic drinks per person for parents with children in town.
The two-drink limit came to light after a member of staff at a Wetherspoon’s pub in Gravesend, Kent, put up a poster detailing its policy.
“As part of our licensing it is our responsibility to ensure that we are protecting children from harm,” read the poster at The Robert Pocock pub.
“Therefore adults in charge of children will be allowed to have one alcoholic drink and a further alcoholic drink with a sit-down meal.”
It is a crime for anybody in charge of a child under the age of seven to be drunk in a public place under the 1902 Licensing Act. A person convicted of this offence can be subject to a fine or up to one month in prison.
“It’s been around eight or 10 years.... It’s a guideline, not a policy,” said Eddie Gershon.
But while the poster stressed the need to “protect children from harm”，Mr Gershon suggested the rule had been adopted to “prevent unruly behavior” among young guests. Asked whether children were welcome in Wetherspoon’s pubs, Mr Gershon replied，“Yes, we’d be a fool to say otherwise. We have a kids’ menu, coloured pencils for kids—children in pubs is a massive part of what Wetherspoon’s does.”
However, he warned that parents believed to be “using the pub as a nursery might be asked to leave. Mr Gershon added that “it is just good manners” for parents to stop their children from misbehaving and being unruly in public places.
On its website the pub operator states: “Families are welcome to dine in the majority of our pubs; however, permitted hours for customers aged under 18 years may vary from pub to pub.”
It adds: “Some of our pubs may request that all members of a party with an under-18 present order a main meal, if alcoholic is ordered.”
5．Who does the Two-drink policy apply to?
6．What is the result of disobeying the 1902 Licensing Act?
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why？
To protect children and those under 18 years, the pub chain JD limits the drinks but is open to those customers at any time.
8．In daily life, how do your parents keep you away from alcohol and why? (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Until quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what physical effort we might make: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don't often think of martial arts as a possible activity; instead, we rule it out because we think it's dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren't considered a sport, right?
Well, here's some good news: you're wrong! Martial arts is much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape (both physically and mentally). And it's much less scary and much less difficult than it's usually portrayed as in movies, so worry not, you don't need to be the karate kid to have a blast! Let's look at what you can usually expect from martial arts of any style.
Good martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your limbs, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you've only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head, and practice can help you learn to stay more focused in general (say, when you start your schoolwork afterwards).
Long series of choreographed (编排好的) moves (including when to breath in and out) called forms are often described as“moving meditation (冥想) ;”they' re meditative in the same way doing repeated moves is, but much more so. Martial arts practice can be as slow or as intense as you want, but it's always extremely engaging.
Martial arts also improve your coordination, and greatly improves your posture. I have personally seen students go from slouching and knocking things over to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.
There are many styles and countless subtypes and mix-ups of martial arts. Whichever one appeals to you, know that all of them are good choices, competitive or not.
9．Why isn't martial arts considered as a suitable sport?
10．What should people focus their attention on when doing martial arts'?
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Martial arts practice is beneficial because it can not only make us more attractive in appearance but also help improve our mental state.
12．Give an example of another Chinese traditional sport and introduce its advantages. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
A team of scientists has come up with a plan. They say could help rebuild the Arctic ice cap. The ice cap is a huge area of sea ice that covers most of the Arctic Ocean all year round.
Usually, the sea ice gets thicker and spreads further each winter, but this hasn’t happened for the past few years. Last month, the ice cap had shrunk to its smallest size since scientists began keeping records of it 38 years ago. The weather in the Arctic has been unusually warm this winter. Some days, temperatures have been 20℃ higher than is normal for this time of year. In March, the temperature was above 0℃ at least one day.
The Arctic ice cap is needed to be rebuilt because sea ice reflects heat and light from the sun back into space. With less ice, the ocean would absorb more heat. The Arctic would warm up even more quickly, and more ice would melt. Without sea ice, many animals would lose their natural habitats and could become endangered. It could also affect the weather, with more storms and erosion along the coast.
Dr. Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they can help to build up Arctic sea ice again. They want to set up wind-powered pumps on the existing sea ice. During the winter, the pumps would spread water from the ocean over the surface of the ice where it would freeze and form a new layer of ice. The scientists say that in 10 years, this could add an extra metre of ice to the ice cap.
The plan would require about 10 million pumps and it would be very expensive — about $655 billion. Some other scientists are wondering if the pumps would actually work in severe Arctic conditions. They are also concerned about how the project might affect the environment.
Dr. Desch said his team hoped their proposal would get more people interested in looking for a solution to the problem of melting sea ice. He said the only plan people have right now is to try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) from cars and other man-made sources. He and his team don’t think that will be enough to save the sea ice, so they’re going to work on their plan and hope that it will give everyone a good start on saving the Arctic ice cap.
13．Why is Arctic ice cap important?
14．What is Dr. Steven Desch’s solution to the problem?
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Some scientists were worried about the project and Dr. Desch hoped more people could help improve it.
16．Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the greenhouse gas emission problem in your daily life. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities （实体）, whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception（感知）, attention, and reasoning in the offline world.
"We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia," said Park.
The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.
"Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors," noted Huang. "As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform."
17．What may an online profile photo reflect?
18．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos?
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends.
20．Describe the profile photo you use for your social media such as WeChat or Weibo. Why do you choose it?
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process—taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
21．What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?
22．Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same as making judgements?
23．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
24．Please list a factor except “judgement” that can lead to success and explain why. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Some of the most successful people in history have done their best work in coffee shops. People across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity in a café.
There are many ways coffee shops boost our creativity. The combination of noise, casual crowds and visual variety can give us just the right amount of distraction (注意力分散) to help us be sharpest and most creative.
Some of us stick in earbuds (耳塞) as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting. But scientists have known for years that background noise can benefit our creative thinking. A suitable level of noise in a cafeteria can actually improve your creative output. If you’re slightly distracted from the task at hand by some stimuli, it boosts your abstract thinking ability, which can lead to more creative idea generation.
There’s also the fact that in a coffee shop, we’re surrounded by people who’ve come to do the same thing, which acts as a motivator. Simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort can motivate you to work harder. It’s similar to going to the gym for a workout. That is the social-facilitation effect: you go there, you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
Another thing that can make working at home or in the office tiring is the visual environment; often we sit in the same chair and look at the same four walls without relief. How the office is decorated has an effect on people’s creative thinking process. While researchers tried to address this by adding decorative lights, they soon found that the furnishings (家具及日用设备) quickly became familiar and boring. Coffee shops, though, generally have visual stimuli. And hitting up different coffee shops keeps things even more varied.
Researchers believe that there is no doubt about the “coffee-shop effect”. Even if working from home or office remains an option for the long-term, the benefits of going to a coffee shop may be too good to pass up. And maybe the coffee is better.
25．Why did some successful people do their best work in coffee shops?
26．In what way is going to the gym similar to working in a coffee shop?
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When people feel the visual environment in their office is boring, they can redecorate the office or try some other working places to solve the problem.
28．If you were free to choose a place to study in, where would you like to go? Why? (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
A Talented Dancer and Actor
Jamie Bell was 13 when he won the starring role of Billy Eliot in the movie. He was chosen from a talent search of over 2，000 children.
Jamie began dancing at the age of six after watching his older sister dance and accompanying her to competitions all over England. Once， while he was waiting for his sister to come on stage， he saw a gid dancing out of step. "I could do better than that，" he told his mother. So his mother bought him tap shoes and sent him off to classes.
Jamie grew up in a small town in northern England. Many people in Billingham，where Jamie grew up， did not think ballet was a manly thing to do，so Jamie didn't tell anyone about it. When his friends asked him out and he had a ballet lesson，he used to say he was going to see his grandmother or he had to go to the doctors. After they found out about his dancing，his close friends accepted it，but some of the other boys at his school teased him and called him names like "ballerina boy" and "girlie boy". "But most of that gave me more determination to do it，because I wanted to prove to them that ballet wasn't just for girls； it was for boys as well，" said Jamie who is now 15.
Since making Billy Eliot，Jamie has starred in another movie "Who goes there and has made guest appearances in several television shows." He has also acted in pantomimes. For the time being， however， his schoolwork is the most important thing in his life and he is busy studying for several important examinations.
29．When did Jamie start dancing？
________________
30．What did the people in Billingham think of ballet？
________________
31．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. After finding out about Jamie's dancing, his friends laughed at him.
________________
32．Do you know a person who has a strong will to achieve his/her aim？ Please give an example.（about 40 words）
________________
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Teenagers are learning new communication skills every day. It is important for them to have opportunities to network, or to meet and get to know new people. Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. But offline networking better encourages meaningful connections that will increase hope, develop skills, and open avenues to career opportunity. Teens need to practice more offline networking. It will prepare them to be confident face-to-face communicators in the real world.
A survey of almost 7,000 teens was conducted in 2019 by three Swiss researchers, and they found that teens were spending too much time on social networking sites. So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. It not only contributes to a stronger sense of identity and a happier mood, but also gives us the chance to share happiness with other people. In other words, offline networking seems to actually benefit a teen’s emotional health.
Face-to-face communication also gives teens an opportunity to learn to read people. Everyone communicates in person differently than communicating over the phone, through texting, or in online posts. Being face-to-face requires a person to think and respond more quickly—without the safety net of a delete key.
And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying. A time will come when the teen will need to enter the job market, and this usually means a face-to-face interaction, including interacting naturally with customers, hearing and understanding their words as well as their nonverbal cues in many different kinds of businesses.
Offline networking is important because it can improve a teenager’s well-being and help prepare him for the future. That’s why every teen should spend time practicing real-world interactions.
33．What is the disadvantage of online networking?
34．What was the researchers’ suggestion to teens?
35．Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and explain the reason.
Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.
36．Please present what you can do to make effective face-to-face communication in your daily life. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When I was at school, our teacher used to tell the class: "You are what you eat." Actually, he was trying to show us the importance of eating the right food to stay healthy. And there are clear proofs that you become what you eat.
Japanese people are considered to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. Most of them eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or water when they're thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or ginkgo nuts. This tradition diet helps them live a longer and healthier life.
Food has great effect on our physical and emotional health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?
·Lettuce(生菜)or milk can make you sleepy.
·To stop feeling sleepy, you should eat dried fish.
·To keep your teeth clean, you should eat apples often.
·Garlic helps you not to catch cold.
But some advice may be contradictory to each other. While some people say “eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots", some others say “chocolate contains the essential minerals like iron and magnesium(镁).” In this case, what you need to do is to figure out what type of chocolate and how much of it to eat.
Some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks. Let's take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Its dishes are specifically designed to help people win sports competitions. There is a typical Night before dish, a vegetable lasagne(宽面条)with rich tomato sauce full of vitamin and soft, easy-to-digest vegetables, which is lopped with a little fresh cheese—just enough to help you get a good night's sleep. Or you can choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing. The vegetables are carefully chosen to include plenty of natural vitamins and minerals. It gives you energy without making you gain weight.
The concept of eating food only because it's tasty is going out of fashion. And food producers are changing. Cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. Food companies are making cookies with dried fruit because it is healthier. So in the future you might be able to eat your way to your idea of perfection.
37．Why do Japanese people live a longer and healthier life?
38．What advice does the author give on eating chocolate?
39．Please decide which part of the following statement is false，then underline it and explain why.
Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink.
40． What do you think about the concept of "eating food because it's tasty"? Please give your reasons.（about 40 words）

参考答案：
1．It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.
2．Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
3．In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online.
4．I think apart from cultural differences, age and one’s working area may affect one’s choice of profile photos on social media.
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。
1．
考查细节理解。根据第一段“According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted unconscious cultural differences.(根据德克萨斯大学达拉斯中心研究人员的一项研究，我们选择的照片可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。)”可知，在线个人资料照片会反映出个人偏好和更加根深蒂固，无意识的文化差异。故答案为It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences。
2．
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual’s face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more backgroundfeatures. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.(总的来说，他们发现美国人的头像照片更倾向于关注个人的面部，而东亚人的头像往往不太强调面部，包含更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，Facebook用户在美国的档案照片更有可能关注他们的脸，而东亚人的照片往往不太强调面部，包括更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。故答案为Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users。
3．
考查细节理解。根据第五段“The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country.(研究还发现，文化对我们在线自我表达的影响会随着时间和地点的变化而变化。在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整自己的头像。)”可知，在日本留学的美国人倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整个人资料照片，因为所在国的文化会影响他们在网上的自我表现。故答案为In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of America.
Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online。
4．
开放性题目。我认为除了文化差异之外，年龄和一个人的工作领域可能会影响一个人在社交媒体上选择个人资料照片。故答案为I think apart from cultural differences, age and one’s working area may affect one’s choice of profile photos on social media。
5．Those who have dine with children under the age of seven.
6．If you disobey the 1902 Licensing Act, you will be fined or up to one month in prison.
7．To protect children and those under 18 years, the pub chain JD limits the drinks but is open to those customers at any time.
8．言之有理即可
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了一家酒吧为保护儿童免受伤害而规定限制带孩子的父母每人最多只能喝两杯酒。
5．
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Therefore adults in charge of children will be allowed to have one alcoholic drink and a further alcoholic drink with a sit-down meal.”和第五段“It is a crime for anybody in charge of a child under the age of seven to be drunk in a public place under the 1902 Licensing Act.”( 因此，负责照看孩子的成年人可以在坐下来吃饭时喝一杯酒精饮料，再喝一杯。根据1902年的执照法，任何有7岁以下孩子的家长在公共场所醉酒都是犯罪行为)”可知，该规定适用于那些带着七岁以下孩子出来酒吧用餐的家长。故答案为Those who have dine with children under the age of seven.
6．
考查细节理解。根据第五段“…A person convicted of this offence can be subject to a fine or up to one month in prison.( 被判犯有这一罪行的人可被罚款或监禁一个月)”可知，违反这一政策的人会判罚款或监禁一个月。故答案为If someone disobeys the 1902 Licensing Act, he will be fined or be put in prison up to one month.
7．
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“…“Families are welcome to dine in the majority of our pubs; however, permitted hours for customers aged under 18 years may vary from pub to pub.”(我们大多数酒吧都欢迎家庭用餐；然而，18岁以下顾客的营业时间因酒吧而异)”可知，有18岁以下孩子在场时，营业时间是有限制的，并不是在任何时间都开门营业。所以at any time 错误。故答案To protect children and those under 18 years, the pub chain JD limits the drinks but is open to those customers at any time.
8．
考查表达能力。可以表示父母耐心讲解饮酒的危害并以身作则，及时监督。故答案为My parents patiently explained the bad effects on my well-being and life,and they set a good example to me,living a healthy life.
9．Because people think it is dangerous, uncommon and even impossible.
10．Focus on the position and movement of every one of their limbs, sometimes even their breathing too.
11．Martial arts practice is beneficial because it can not only make us more attractive in appearance but also help improve our mental state.
Because the article only mentions that the exercise can improve the physical fitness and mental state and does not mention it can make people more attractive in appearance.
12．Wrestling is also a kind of Chinese traditional sport. It not only emphasizes the power of two people, but also requires a lot of skills and wisdom. Wrestling can be beneficial to physical fitness and enhance people's competitive spirit and self-confidence.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武术对人的好处，并建议读者选择武术作为体育锻炼的方式。
9．
考查细节理解。根据第一段倒第二句“However, we don't often think of martial arts as a possible activity; instead, we rule it out because we think it's dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible.”(然而，我们并不经常认为武术是一种可能的活动；相反，我们排除它，因为我们认为它是危险的，不寻常的，甚至是不可能的。)可知，武术不被认为是一种合适的运动是因为人们认为它是危险的，不寻常的，甚至是不可能的。故答案为Because people think it is dangerous, uncommon and even impossible.。
10．
考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“Good martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your limbs, sometimes even your breathing too.”(好的武术通常需要你专注于你每一个肢体的位置和动作，有时甚至你的呼吸也需要。)可知，练武术的时候人们应该专注于每一个肢体的位置和动作，有时甚至呼吸也需要。故填Focus on the position and movement of every one of their limbs, sometimes even their breathing too.。
11．
考查推理判断。根据第二段第三句“Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape (both physically and mentally).”(练武是保持身体和精神健康的好方法。)可知，文中并没有提到武术可以让人的外貌更有魅力，而是说可以保持身体健康和精神健康。所以应在“not only make us more attractive in appearance”下划线。故答案为Martial arts practice is beneficial because it can not only make us more attractive in appearance but also help improve our mental state.
Because the article only mentions that the exercise can improve the physical fitness and mental state and does not mention it can make people more attractive in appearance.。
12．
考查开放性回答。考生应先举出另一个中国武术的例子，再介绍它的优点。故答案为Wrestling is also a kind of Chinese traditional sport. It not only emphasizes the power of two people, but also requires a lot of skills and wisdom. Wrestling can be beneficial to physical fitness and enhance people's competitive spirit and self-confidence.
13．The Arctic ice cap plays an important role in protecting animal habitats and preventing natural disasters.
14．Dr. Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they can help to build up Arctic sea ice again and they want to set up wind-powered pumps on the existing sea ice.
15．Some scientists were worried about the project and Dr. Desch hoped more people could help improve it. From the first line of the last paragraph, we know that Dr. Desch said his team hoped their proposal would get more people interested in looking for a solution to the problem of melting sea ice. So the part of the statement “Dr. Desch hoped more people could help improve it” is false.
16．Firstly, we should save resources, such as water, electricity in our daily life. Secondly, we should plant more trees. What’s more, we should choose to ride a bike when we go out, instead of driving a car.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一组科学家重建北极冰盖的计划。
13．
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Without sea ice, many animals would lose their natural habitats and could become endangered. It could also affect the weather, with more storms and erosion along the coast.(如果没有海洋冰层，许多动物将失去它们的自然栖息地，并可能成为濒危物种。它还会影响天气，沿海地区会出现更多的风暴和侵蚀)”可知，北极冰盖对保护动物的栖息地以及人类防范自然灾害有很重要的作用。故答案为The Arctic ice cap plays an important role in protecting animal habitats and preventing natural disasters.
14．
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Dr. Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they can help to build up Arctic sea ice again. They want to set up wind-powered pumps on the existing sea ice.(Steven Desch博士和来自美国亚利桑那州立大学的一组科学家认为，他们可以帮助再次建立北极海冰。他们想在现有的海冰上安装风力泵)”可知，Steven Desch博士和其他科学家们想再次建立北极海冰并且想在现有的海冰上安装风力泵。故答案为Dr. Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they can help to build up Arctic sea ice again and they want to set up wind-powered pumps on the existing sea ice.
15．
考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“Dr. Desch said his team hoped their proposal would get more people interested in looking for a solution to the problem of melting sea ice.(Desch博士说，他的团队希望他们的提议能让更多人对寻找解决海冰融化问题的办法感兴趣)”可知，Desch博士和他的团队希望他们的提议能让更多人对寻找解决海冰融化问题的办法感兴趣，而不是像陈述中所说：Desch博士希望更多的人能够帮助改善这一提议（Dr. Desch hoped more people could help improve it.）。故答案为Some scientists were worried about the project and Dr. Desch hoped more people could help improve it. From the first line of the last paragraph, we know that Dr. Desch said his team hoped their proposal would get more people interested in looking for a solution to the problem of melting sea ice. So the part of the statement “Dr. Desch                                        hoped more people could help improve it” is false.
16．
考查发散思维和解决问题的能力。根据题目要求，本题要求简述你对日常生活中温室气体排放问题的解决方案。需要结合日常生活经验和环保知识，用语法正确的英文句子作答，作答时需条理清晰，注意规定词数，言之成理即可。故参考答案为Firstly, we should save resources, such as water, electricity in our daily life. Secondly, we should plant more trees. What’s more, we should choose to ride a bike when we go out, instead of driving a car.
17．It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.
18．Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
19．In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online.
20．possible version 1: I use a picture of a coffee mug as my profile photo. I use it because it is my favorite coffee mug and I want everyone to admire it. Besides, I am careful about privacy and don’t want to display my face to strangers online.
possible version 2: I use a picture of myself as my profile photo, and in the picture I am smiling confidently. I used it because I want people to feel that I am a confident person and I am trustworthy.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。
17．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.(根据德克萨斯大学达拉斯中心研究人员的一项研究，我们选择的照片可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。)”可知，一张网上的个人资料照片会反映出个人偏好和更加根深蒂固，无意识的文化差异。故答案为It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.
18．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. (总的来说，他们发现美国人的头像照片更倾向于关注个人的面部，而东亚人的头像往往不太强调面部，包含更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，Facebook用户在美国更有可能使用档案照片，关注他们的脸，而东亚人的照片往往比较强调的脸，包括更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。故答案为Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users.
19．
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country. (在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整自己的头像。)”可知，在日本留学的美国人倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整个人资料照片，因为所在国的文化会影响他们在网上的自我表现。故答案为In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online.
20．
开放题。考生言之有理则可。参考答案为：possible version 1: I use a picture of a coffee mug as my profile photo. I use it because it is my favorite coffee mug and I want everyone to admire it. Besides, I am careful about privacy and don’t want to display my face to strangers online.
possible version 2: I use a picture of myself as my profile photo, and in the picture I am smiling confidently. I used it because I want people to feel that I am a confident person and I am trustworthy.
21．He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
22．Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
23．Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.
24．略
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断对于成功的重要性。
21．
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”.（伦敦商学院的Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定”。）”可知，安德鲁爵士对判断的定义是他将判断定义为个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定。故答案为He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
22．
考查细节理解。根据第二段““Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.”（“学者拥有专业知识，”安德鲁爵士说。“他们不一定有判断力。”）”可知，安德鲁说专业知识和判断是不一样的是因为有些人可能有专业知识，但他们不一定有判断力。故答案为Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
23．
考查细节理解。根据第二段““While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”（“虽然良好的判断力对成功很重要，”安德鲁爵士警告说，“成功不是一个有良好判断力的信号。”）”可知，成功不是有良好判断的信号。故答案为Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.
24．
开放题。列出除“判断”之外的一个能导致成功的因素，并解释原因。例如态度，性格，情商等，言之有理即可。
25．Because coffee shops boosted their creativity.
26．Both of them have the social-facilitation effect.
27．When people feel the visual environment in their office is boring, they can redecorate the office or try some other working places to solve the problem.
According to the passage, the furnishings will soon become familiar and boring, and thus, redecorating the office can not solve the problem permanently.
28．略
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。有些成功人士在咖啡店工作效率最高，文章对此现象背后的原因进行了分析，并表明咖啡店是一个工作的理想场所。
25．
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“There are many ways coffee shops boost our creativity. (咖啡店可以通过很多方式激发我们的创造力) ”可知，因为咖啡店可以激发他们的创造力，所以有些成功人士在咖啡店工作效率最高。因为是用why提问，所以回答时要用because。问句为一般过去时，回答时也要用一般过去时。故答案为Because coffee shops boosted their creativity.
26．
考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“It’s similar to going to the gym for a workout. (这就像去健身房锻炼一样)”和第四句中的“That is the social-facilitation effect(这就是社会促进效应)”可知，去健身房锻炼和在咖啡店工作的相似之处就是它们都有社会促进效应。故答案为Both of them have the social-facilitation effect.
27．
考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第三句“While researchers tried to address this by adding decorative lights, they soon found that the furnishings (家具及日用设备) quickly became familiar and boring. (虽然研究人员试图通过添加装饰灯来解决这个问题，但他们很快发现，这些家具很快就变得熟悉而乏味)”可知，重新装饰办公室并不能永久解决问题，所以“redecorate the office”错误，应在此处画下划线。原因是根据文章可知这些家具很快就变得熟悉而乏味。故答案为According to the passage, the furnishings will soon become familiar and boring, and thus, redecorating the office can not solve the problem permanently.
28．
考查开放回答。需要先回答你想去哪里学习，再解释原因。请注意字数应限制在40个单词以内。
29．Jamie began dancing at the age of six.
30．They did not think ballet was a manly thing to do.
31．After finding out about Jamie's dancing, his friends laughed at him. Because his close friends accepted it, didn't laugh at him.
32．Yes. When Helen Keller was more than one year old， her eyes couldn't see and ears couldn't hear because of her high fever. However, with her perseverance， she mastered English， French and German.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杰米六岁时开始跳舞，但那时在白金汉许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事。但是他非常努力，杰米•贝尔13岁时赢得了电影中比利•艾略特的主演。
29．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Jamie began dancing at the age of six after watching his older sister dance and accompanying her to competitions all over England. ”杰米六岁时开始跳舞，在那之前，他看到他的姐姐跳舞，并陪她参加了全英格兰的比赛。可知杰米六岁开始跳舞的。故答为Jamie began dancing at the age of six.
30．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people in Billingham，where Jamie grew up， did not think ballet was a manly thing to do，so Jamie didn't tell anyone about it.”在杰米在白金汉长大，许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事，所以杰米没有告诉任何人。 可知在白金汉许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事。故答为They did not think ballet was a manly thing to do.
31．
细节理解题。根据第三段“After they found out about his dancing，his close friends accepted it，but some of the other boys at his school teased him and called him names like "ballerina boy" and "girlie boy.”他们发现他跳舞后，他的好朋友们接受了，但是学校里的其他男生取笑他，叫他“芭蕾舞男孩”和“小妞男孩”。 可知在发现他跳舞后，他的好朋友们接受了，并没有嘲笑他。故答案为：After finding out about Jamie's dancing， his friends laughed at him. Because his close friends accepted it， didn't laugh at him.
32．
开放式题目。这是一道开放式题目，只要合情合理即可。所以可以填：海伦凯乐一岁多的时候，因为发高烧，她的眼睛看不到，耳朵听不到，但是她以自强不息的顽强毅力，掌握了英、法、德等五国语言。 故回答为：Yes. When Helen Keller was more than one year old， her eyes couldn't see and ears couldn't hear because of her high fever. However， with her perseverance， she mastered English， French and German.
33．Online networking makes short, superficial connections, which is not helpful in real life.
34． They suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life.
35．Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.
According to the text"And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying." , we know that the nonverbal expressions are more imprtant than the words.
36．First of all, we should know ourselves well, such as the talent and hobbies. Then, we should take part in some relevant activities which are suitable for us. And from these experience, we can make friends and improve our ability to face-to-face                    communication.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了线下人与人之间面对面的交流对于青少年的重要性。
33．
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. ”可知，如今，网络社交在青少年中非常流行，它只建立了短暂而肤浅的联系。故答案为Online networking makes short, superficial connections, which is not helpful in real life.
34．
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. ”可知，因此，他们建议青少年应该花更多的时间在现实生活中与他人相处。故答案为They suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life.
35．
考查推理判断。根据第四段中“And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are                    sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying.”可知，我们的很多交流都是非语言的，比如面部表情、手势和语调。青少年需要面对面的交流,这样他们就可以学习阅读这些非语言的暗示(暗示),有时甚至比这个人说的话更重要。故答案为Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.According to the text"And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying." , we know that the nonverbal expressions are more imprtant than the words.
36．
考查生活常识。本篇文章主要内容讲述了现实生活中面对面的沟通，可以锻炼青少年的各种能力，对将来的就业和生活都有好处。因此从这个角度出发，青少年平时应该增加线下交流的方式，参考方法如下：首先要了解自己擅长和喜欢什么领域，然后多参加相关的活动，多交该领域的朋友，从而锻炼自己的沟通能力。故答案为First of all, we should know ourselves well, such as the talent and hobbies. Then, we should take part in some relevant activities which are suitable for us. And from these experience, we can make friends and improve our ability to face-to-face communication.
37．Because they eat healthily.
38．The author advises eating the right type of chocolate and proper amount.
39．Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink. 这些餐馆并不讨厌在菜单上列出菜品和饮料的益处。
40．In my opinion ,"Eating food because it's tasty" is out of date/fashion. Due to the development of industry, the pollution is becoming more serious, which threats our health. And people’s awareness of keeping fit has been increasing. People are developing healthy eating habits.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。以好吃为标准的饮食已经落伍了，应该讲究健康饮食，并列举了一些健康饮食的例子。
37．
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Japanese people are considered to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. Most of them eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or water when they're thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or ginkgo nuts. This tradition diet helps them live a longer and healthier life. （日本人被认为是世界上最健康的人，因为他们吃的食物。他们中的大多数人每天吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜。他们口渴时喝绿茶或水，吃些鱼干、水果或银杏果当零食。这种传统饮食有助于他们活得更长更健康。）”可知，日本人更长寿健康，因为他们每天吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜。他们口渴时喝绿茶或水，吃些鱼干、水果或银杏果当零食,即他们吃得很健康。故答案为Because they eat healthily。
38．
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“In this case, what you need to do is to figure out what type of chocolate and how much of it to eat.（在这种情况下，你需要做的是弄清楚要吃什么类型的巧克力以及要吃多少。）”可知，作者建议应注意吃巧克力的种类及量。故答案为The author advises eating the right type of chocolate and proper amount。
39．
考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.（一些餐馆已经在他们的菜单上列出了菜肴和饮料的营养成分和益处。）”及“The vegetables are carefully chosen to include plenty of natural vitamins and minerals. It gives you energy without making you gain weight.（这些蔬菜都是精心挑选的，含有大量的天然维生素和矿物质。它给你能量而不让你增重。）”可知，故答案为Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink，因为这些餐馆并不讨厌在菜单上列出菜品和饮料的益处。
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考查个人观点。结合文章可推知，“因为食物好吃而吃”的观点是错误。理由言之有理即可。例如：In my opinion ,"Eating food because it's tasty" is out of date/fashion. Due to the development of industry, the pollution is becoming more serious, which threats our health. And people’s awareness of keeping fit has been increasing. People are developing healthy eating habits.