第08讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲与练【暑假自学课】2022年新高三英语暑假精品课（新高考专用）

这是一份第08讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲与练【暑假自学课】2022年新高三英语暑假精品课（新高考专用），共8页。
第08讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲与练【学习目标】能够识别各种情态动词和虚拟语气正确使用情态动词和虚拟语气【基础知识】1．情态动词的基本用法情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。(1)can/could的用法：①表示能力，意为“能，会”。②表示客观或理论上的可能性。③表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。(2)may/might的用法：①表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。②表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。(3)must的用法：①表示“必须”，语气强烈。②表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。③意为“偏要，非要……不可”。(4)shall的用法：①用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。②用于各种人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。(5)should/ought to的用法：①should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。③should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。2．“情态动词 ＋ have done”的用法该结构主要用来表述过去的情况，包括对过去的推测、遗憾、责备等。(1)must have done “一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。(2)could have done “本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can't/couldn't have done “(过去)不可能做过某事”。(3)may/might have done “(过去)有可能做过某事”。(4)should/ought to have done “本该做某事而没做”。(5)needn't have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。1．虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形should＋动词原形were to＋动词原形混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不以条件从句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)表示条件虚实错综句1.用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气；2．虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”2．虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用(1)wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望：①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式。②表示与过去事实相反，从句用had＋done。③表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。(2)would rather后面的宾语从句：①表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式。②表示与过去事实相反时，从句用had＋done。(3)表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“should＋动词原形”结构，should可省略。(4)定语从句：It's (high/about) time (that) ... 句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了……的时候了”。(5)as if引导的状语从句中：①表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。②表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had＋done。③表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。【考点剖析】1.If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ________ not be where I am. 【答案】would/could/might/should 【解析】句意：如果我没有面对这么多的障碍，我就不会是现在的我。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故填would/could/might/should2. It used to be that you ________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.【答案】could/might 【解析】句意：过去你可能开车数英里看不到一个人，但现在到处都是房子和人。根据句意和语境可知，这里介绍的是过去和现在的对比，表示“有可能”，故填could/might。3. I can’t find my purse. I ________ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. 【答案】could/might【解析】 句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了，但我不确定。设空处表示对过去事情的推测，且根据题干中的I’m not sure可推知此处表示不确定的推测，故用could/might表示“可能”。4. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ (have) nowhere to stay now. 【答案】would have 【解析】句意：很幸运，我们预订了一个房间，否则，我们现在就没有地方可以住了。由句意可知or前面是真实的情况，or后面是与现在事实相反的假设，故设空处应用would do形式。5. I wish I ________ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 【答案】had been 【解析】句意：要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。【真题演练】1.—I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.—Well, you never know! You ________ (make) a better impression than you think. 【答案】may have made【解析】句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故填may have made。2.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he ________ find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.【答案】could 【解析】句意：当他问江岸边的村民他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指向江的下游。分析句意可知，设空处表达的是能够做某事。时态为一般过去时，故填could。3.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together.【答案】would have had 【解析】句意：真遗憾啊！你错过了这次游览，否则我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光了。根据语境可知，并列连词or在句中意为“否则，要不然”，为含蓄条件的一种表达方式，后面的句子与过去的事实相反，故用would have done的形式表达虚拟语气。 4.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. 【答案】would have accomplished 【解析】句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需用would have done的形式5.If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 【答案】had caught 【解析】句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。6.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved. 【答案】had 【解析】句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。7.________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 【答案】Were 【解析】句意：没有老师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知，语境是对现在事实的虚拟，be动词在虚拟语气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件状语从句省略了if时，从句部分应部分倒装。8.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ (tell) me, I could have helped. 【答案】had told 【解析】句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我，我本可以帮忙的。根据题干中的could have helped和last week可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故为had told。9.It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended. 【答案】couldn’t 【解析】句意：真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。结合句意和语境时态可知，本处表示的是“不能做某事”，故填couldn’t10.It might have saved me some trouble ________ I known the schedule. (2015 江苏)【答案】had 【解析】句意：要是我知道安排的话，我可能会省一些事儿。此处为省略if的虚拟条件从句，had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。【过关检测】1.How I wish every family ________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden.【答案】had 【解析】句意：多么希望每个家庭都有一栋有美丽花园的大房子。根据句意和句式结构可知，此处是wish接宾语从句的虚拟语气，且是对现在虚拟，因此谓语动词要用一般过去式。故填had。2.They would ________ (kill) him if he had not defended himself.【答案】have killed 【解析】句意：如果他不为自己辩护，他们就会杀了他。由if he had not defended himself可知，本句是if条件句的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，主句的谓语动词需用would have done，故填have killed。3.They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn’t ________ (stick) in the storm.【答案】have been stuck 【解析】这是一个含蓄条件句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，根据上文They set off for the destination too late可知，与过去事实相反，谓语动词用would have done，主语they和谓语动词stick之间是被动关系，空格前有wouldn’t，故填have been stuck。4.The old man treated the boy as if he ________ his own son.【答案】were 【解析】根据The old man与the boy之间的关系，可知说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的，as if要用虚拟语气，且从句与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词要用过去式，是连系动词be时，要用were。故填were。5.The manager required that the work ________ (finish) before Friday. 【答案】should be finished/be finished 【解析】在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。本句的谓语动词required表示要求，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”；而且从句中的谓语动词finish和主语the work是被动关系，故填should be finished/be finished。6.Only when the results came out did he realize that he should ________ (devote) himself to his studies, but it was too late【答案】have devoted 【解析】句意：只有当结果出来时，他才意识到他应该全身心地投入到学习中去，但是已经太晚了。Only when引导的从句中用了倒装，句中表示“本应该做某事却没做”，用should have done的形式。故填have devoted。7.Without your timely help, I couldn’t ________ (finish) the task ahead of time.【答案】have finished 【解析】句意：没有你的及时帮助，我本不可能提前完成任务。根据句意此处需表示对过去发生事情的假设。could (not) have done本来能够（不可能）做某事。故填have finished。8.The woman stood by the river still as if she ________ (turn) into a stone. 【答案】had turned 【解析】句意：那个女人一动不动地站在河边，好像变成了一块石头。as if从句表示所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，应用虚拟语气；此处是表示与过去事实相反的事实，应用过去完成时。故填had turned。9．According to the school rules, no child ________ be allowed out of school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents.【答案】shall 【解析】句意：根据学校规定，除非有自己的父母陪同，否则任何儿童不得离开学校。根据语境可知，此处表示学校的规定，含有命令的意味，因此从语气上分析可知，应该用shall。 10.If you leave within 15 minutes, you ________ park your car at the roadside temporarily. 【答案】can/may 【解析】句意：如果你在15分钟内离开，你可以暂时把车停在路边。根据语境可知，此处是真实条件句，表示许可，故用can/may。语法填空A recent study shows that most adults did household chores   1   (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before,   2   same study shows.An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time   3   things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped   4   (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”Another study finds that compared with the kids   5   didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely   6   (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.Personal happiness   7   (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and   8   (help) to their parents at home.If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they   9   (deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small   10   (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.1．        　2.        　3.        　4.        5．        　6.        　7.        　8.        9．        　10.        篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。1．【答案】actively　【解析】考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。2．【答案】the　【解析】考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。3．【答案】on　【解析】考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配spend sth on sth可知，此处填介词on。4．【答案】doing　【解析】考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth。5．【答案】who/that　【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who或that。6．【答案】to succeed　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是be likely to do sth句型，故填不定式。7．【答案】is said　【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。本句含有“be said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为“Personal happiness”，因此填is said。8．【答案】helpful　【解析】考查词性转换。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。9．【答案】dealt/should deal　【解析】考查虚拟语气。It's time (that) ...句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式或“should＋do”，其中should不可以省略。10．【答案】messages　【解析】考查名词。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。