第18讲书面表达之应用文写作讲与练【暑假自学课】2022年新高三英语暑假精品课（新高考专用）

这是一份第18讲书面表达之应用文写作讲与练【暑假自学课】2022年新高三英语暑假精品课（新高考专用），共44页。
第18讲书面表达之应用文讲与练
【学习目标】
1.熟悉写作类型
2.掌握写作技巧
【基础知识】
高分亮点塑造

要想写出一篇水平比较高的书面表达，高级词汇的使用必不可少，它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助获得高分。要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：
——　　(一)使用亮点词汇的四种方法　　——
1．标新立异　“语”众不同
在写作时，恰当地使用一些别人可能意想不到的词汇或表达，会体现出自己的高水平。
①Our team, besides regular training, will join in a variety of activities.
→Our team, apart/aside from regular training, will join in a variety of activities.
②Several days later, when the video was played at the graduation ceremony, it was very popular.
→Several days later, when the video was played at the graduation ceremony, it was well­received.
2．多样表达　避免重复
在写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的单词或短语，要尽量用贴切、多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
③We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have different ways to deal with such a situation.
→We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.
④We've built a new experiment building and we've also built a library where the old playground used to be.
→We've built a new experiment building and we've also set up a library where the old playground used to be.
3．单词短语　短语优先
在单词和短语表示同一个意思时，优先使用短语。恰当使用短语，一方面能使文章更加生动，另一方面也能展示出学生扎实的语言功底。
⑤There is no doubt that you should know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.
→There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.
⑥Firstly, the final exam of this term is coming so I am busy preparing for it.
→To begin with, the final exam of this term is around the corner so I am busy preparing for it.
⑦I hear that he is ill, and I decide to visit him this Sunday.
→I hear that he is ill, and I decide to pay a visit to him this Sunday.
4．用高级词汇取代简单词汇
为了表现自己的语言功底，显示出自己的写作水平，应尽量避免反复使用低年级学过的简单词汇，尽量用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。
⑧I should say sorry for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
→I should make an apology for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
⑨So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are sure to achieve success.
→So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.
——　　(二)必备升级词汇　　——
1．动词：have→possess; develop→promote; replace→substitute; bear→put up with/tolerate; consider→take into account/consideration; understand→make sense of/figure out
①I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.
我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。
2．名词：chance→opportunity; choice→alternative; course→curriculum; people→individuals; result→consequence; shortcoming→drawback
②Different individuals have different opinions about the safety of food.
不同的人对食品安全问题有着不同的看法。
3．形容词：enough→adequate/plentiful; useful→advantageous; difficult→challenging; proper→appropriate/suitable; important→vital/significant; interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing/attractive
③In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.
在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会是具有挑战性的。
4．副词：finally→eventually; hardly→barely/scarcely/hardly ever; immediately→in a flash/in no time; nowadays→currently
④Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
最终，你的孩子会离开家，作为一个完全独立的成年人过她自己的生活。
5．连词：so→therefore; and→as well as/together with
⑤Therefore, its box office receipts/takings will probably enjoy a slight increase.
因此票房收入极可能略有增长。
——　　(三)必备加分词汇　　——
1．表达关注的名词：attention, focus, concern
①In science, we should pay attention to things, and should not pay attention to people.
在科学上，我们应该注意事物本身，而不应注意人。
2．表达争论的名词：discussion, debate, argument
②Faced with such an argument, different individuals may have different opinions.
面对这样的争论，不同的人可能有不同的观点。
3．表达现象的名词：phenomenon
③The sentence suggests a common phenomenon: many teenagers care more about their phones than their friends nowadays.
这个句子表明了一种常见现象：当今许多青少年关注他们的手机胜过关注他们的朋友。
4．表达优缺点的名词：advantage, disadvantage, strength, weakness
④Besides, every student may have different weak and strong subjects, so they should learn from each other so that they can have more advantages than disadvantages.
此外，每个学生可能有不同的弱科和强科，因此他们应该互相学习以便比起劣势来他们拥有更多的优势。
5．表达增长或下降的动词：increase, accumulate, decrease, decline
⑤Long hours of surfing the Internet would lead to declining health.
长时间上网将导致健康状况下降。
6．表达导致后果的动词短语：result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to, give rise to
⑥Computers have brought about many changes in our daily life.
电脑给我们的日常生活带来了很多变化。
7．表达支持、反对的动词短语：approve of, be in favor of, object to
⑦The majority of the senior citizens don't approve of the proposal of celebrating Western festivals in China.
大多数老年人不赞同在中国庆祝西方节日的提议。
8．表达可能性的形容词：likely
⑧If you come to our school, you are likely to meet some difficult problems in your life.
如果你来我们学校，很可能会在生活中遇到一些难题。
9．表达有好处的形容词：beneficial
⑨From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because they are beneficial to us.
按照我的观点，我们的图书馆应该买一些科普书和文学类图书，因为这些书对我们有益处。
10．表达强调的副词：particularly, especially
⑩The more people earn, the more they seem to want, particularly when others earn more than they do.
人们赚得越多，似乎想要的也越多，尤其是当其他人赚得比他们多的时候。

——　　(一)引人入胜的开头　　——
开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解要谈什么，最好能立刻吸引读者的兴趣。下面介绍几种开头的常见写法：
1．书信的常用开头法——开门见山法
①I'm writing to invite you to see the Chinese papercutting exhibition.
我写信邀请你来观看中国剪纸艺术展。
②I am writing to tell you some good news.
我写信告诉你一些好消息。
2．记叙文的常用开头法
(1)故事背景法——交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等
③A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
地球日前的一周，我们学校贴了很多海报，号召我们加入到让地球更绿色环保的行动中。
(2)往事追忆法——回忆过去发生的某件事
④I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago, when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class.
我仍旧记得三年前我进入这所学校的第一天，在第一节英语课上我听不懂老师讲课，我是多么紧张。
3．说明文的常用开头法
(1)点明中心法——开门见山点明所要介绍的事物
⑤The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
鼠标是人们借以使用电脑的一种非常有效的设备。
(2)引入数据法——运用数据引出所要论证的主题
⑥A recent survey shows that more than 40% of the school kids don't have breakfast.
最近的调查表明，有超过40%的学生不吃早饭。
4．议论文的常用开头法
(1)点明主题法——提出一个观点，作为文章要阐明或论述的主题
⑦Years of school life have taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important to me.
多年的学校生活教会我很多东西，其中团队协作对于我来说最为重要。
(2)引用名言法——摘录或引用某些名人名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头
⑧When it comes to how to succeed, many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
当谈及如何成功时，很多人或许会想起了谚语“有志者，事竟成”。
(3)列举事例法——通过一个事例或现象引出话题
⑨Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.
三年前我在人生的一次重要考试中失利，成为了一名普通学校的学生。
5．图画作文的常用开头法
描述图画法——描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫
⑩In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.
在图画中我们可以看到一个穿着破衣服的男孩，坐在破旧的木桌子旁，桌子上放着一摞书。
常见开头句式：
As everybody knows/As is known to all 众所周知
As the proverb says 正如谚语所说
As the saying goes 俗话说
As we can see from the table 正如表中所看到的
When it comes to ... 当提到……
It is said that ... 据说……
It is generally agreed that ... 人们通常认为……
It is believed/thought that ... 人们认为……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is well known that ... 众所周知……
It goes without saying that ... 不言而喻/不用说……
There is no denying that ... 不可否认的是……
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
——　　(二)回味无穷的结尾　　——
结尾有概括全文内容，进一步强调中心思想、升华主题的作用。主要有以下写法：
1．书信的常用结尾法
(1)表示感谢法
①I'd appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
如果您尽早给我回信，我会非常感谢。
②I'd appreciate it if you could do me a favor.
如果你能帮助我，我将非常感激。
③I must thank you again for your generous help.
我必须对你慷慨的帮助再次表示感谢。
(2)表示期待法
④Hope you'll have a good time in China.
希望你在中国玩得开心。
⑤Looking forward to your reply.
期待着您的回复。
⑥I hope we'll get together again next year.
希望我们明年再聚。
2．记叙文的常用结尾法
(1)主题升华法
⑦My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.
我的经历告诉我：不是你得到了什么，而是你如何利用它，决定了你成为什么样的人。
(2)问题设问法——通过问答形式总结全文
⑧Isn't it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?
你在阅读时，内心非常平静不是一种快乐吗？
3．说明文的常用结尾法
总结全文法——总结说明的事物，进一步说明其特征
⑨In a word, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us convenience and comfort.
总之，过去20年里我们生活中的变化给我们带来了便利和舒适。
4．议论文的常用结尾法
(1)得出结论法——结尾总结全文，得出结论
⑩Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.
所以，电影业应该做出更大努力来吸引更多观众。
(2)深化中心法——结尾进一步深化主题
⑪In reality, we should learn from the black pencil: not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.
事实上，我们应该向这支黑色铅笔学习：只要我们对自己做过的事情有信心，就不要去介意别人说什么。
(3)提出建议法——结尾提出建议以及应对措施
⑫I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places. Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
我认为，我们都应该注意自己在公共场合的行为。只有这样我们才能生活在更加舒适和美丽的环境中。
(4)引用名言法——结尾用名言总结全文
⑬Anyhow, different cultures, different customs. If you “Do as the Romans do”， you will enjoy more your stay here.
不管怎么说，不同的文化就有不同的习俗。如果你“入乡随俗”，你就会更好地享受这里的生活。
(5)照应开头法——结尾对开头进行照应
⑭Different ways of traveling can make people happy, but I like traveling by train most.
不同的旅行方式都能让人愉快，但是我最喜欢乘火车旅行。
常见结尾句式：
I'd appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
It is high time that ... 是做……的时候了
In this way, I believe that ... 如此，我相信……
Only with combined efforts can we ...
唯有通力合作我们才能……
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that ...
因此，我们可以得出结论：……
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that ...
因此，我们有理由相信……
Therefore, we should realize that ...
因此，我们应当意识到……
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that ...
如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问……
We, therefore, can make it clear from the above discussion that ...
因此，由上述讨论，我们可以明白……

衔接与过渡性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以体现的最常用手法。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常有必要的。高中阶段应该掌握的连接(过渡)性词语归纳如下：
——　　(一)表示顺序的过渡性词语　　——
firstly, first of all, to begin/start with, then, later, in the end, finally, at last, after that, afterwards, since then, meanwhile等。
①Firstly, I have always been interested in reading books. Secondly, I'd like to share my books with others as well.
首先，我一直对读书感兴趣；其次，我也喜欢与别人分享我的书籍。
②First of all, we'll try to find a place to live.
首先，我们得设法找个住的地方。
——　　(二)表示并列转折关系的过渡性词语　　——
and, or, but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the contrary, despite, in spite of, instead of等。
Otherwise we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
否则的话，我们迟早会为我们的自私付出代价。
——　　(三)表示因果关系的过渡性词语　　——
thus, because, thanks to, due to, for one reason, so, as a result/consequence, therefore等。
Therefore, I am writing to ask for your help as well as professional advice.
因此，我写信向你寻求帮助和专业建议。
——　　(四)表示递进关系的过渡性词语　　——
besides, what's more, furthermore, moreover, what's worse, to make matters worse, worse still, even worse, still, in addition等。
①The weather was cold and wet. Still, we had a great time.
天气又冷又潮，不过我们仍旧玩得很开心。
②Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well­known sightseeing spots.
而且，沿河的风景很美，有很多著名景点。
——　　(六)表示总结的过渡性词语　　——
all in all, on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in general等。
①In conclusion, I like being praised, but I know sometimes it's not always good.
总之，我喜欢被表扬，但是我知道有时候表扬并不总是好的。
②All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
总的来说，旅游是充实自己、准备迎接新挑战的最佳选择。
应用文
电子邮件
英文电子邮件与英文书信的写法和格式大体相同，但也有不同之处。英文电子邮件一般由以下五部分组成：
1．标题栏
这是英文书信中没有的。标题栏中有“收件人”“抄送”和“主题”三个框。在“收件人”框中填写收件人的电子邮件地址。如要将邮件同时发送给多人，可在“抄送”框中填入其他人的电子邮件地址。在“主题”框中简要地概括邮件的内容，可以用一个单词，如Greetings(问候)，也可以用短语，如Personal information(个人情况)，还可以是一个内容完整但语言简短的句子。
2．称呼语
如果是同学或亲朋好友间的邮件，可以直呼其名，如Mike；但如果是发给老师、长辈或上级，最好在称呼前加上称谓或职位。职位可用Doctor, Professor等，如Professor Li。男性用Mr; 女性用Miss(未婚), Mrs(已婚), Ms(不知婚否)。
3．正文
大多数电子邮件篇幅短小，语言简单明了。如果是写给不熟悉的人，一般要先进行自我介绍；反之，则可直接进入正题。要多使用短句、简单句，少用或不用长句。一是便于阅读，再者使意思表达清楚。如果内容很长，可就重点部分做些介绍，而把详细内容以“附件”的形式发出。
4．结尾客套语
英文书信的信尾客套语常用“Best wishes！”“Good luck to you！”等，而电子邮件通常很简明，如Best, Thanks, Yours等。
5．落款
直接写发件人的姓名即可，且与客套语对齐。

1．段首常用语
(1)Thank you for your letter of Dec. 15th ...
(2)I'm glad/pleased to tell you that ...
(3)I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.
(4)Thanks for your invitation to the Christmas party.
(5)How are you getting along with your study?
2．话题引入常用语
(1)I'm glad to tell you something about ...
(2)As far as I know/am concerned/can see ...
3．段尾常用语
(1)Please write to me soon and tell me about your ...
(2)I'm looking forward to your reply.
(3)With kind/best regards/wishes.
(4)A prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
4．电子邮件格式样例
To：jina@ 163. net
From：lihua@ 163. net
Subject: an English speech contest
Hi, Jina，
How are you going recently? An English speech contest will be held in our school at 3：30 pm on Oct. 10th. You are good at English and you have a great ability to express yourself in English. So you should take an active part in the contest. I am sure you will win the award if you make some preparations before the contest. Although I don't do well in English, I'd like to join in and have a try.
Please contact me as soon as possible.
Yours，
Li Hua

假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.内容：学习唐诗；
3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份写一封电子邮件告知正在学习汉语的英国朋友Leslie下次上课的计划。可分为三段来写：
第一段：表达问候，说明写信的目的——详细告知一些事情。
第二段：介绍下次上课的时间和地点；内容是学习唐诗；需要做的课前准备是简要了解唐朝的历史。
第三段：希望尽快收到回复。
Dear Leslie，
How is everything getting along with you? I'm writing to tell you something in detail.
To start with, I intend to stress that we are going to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.(用what引导的名词性从句改写：1.To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are going to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.)(添加过渡性词语：2.What's more/Besides/In addition/Moreover), in order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture, it is of importance for you to be aware of the content, Tang poetry. There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance and it will make the class go smoothly. (用含which引导的定语从句的复合句改写：3.There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will make the class go smoothly.)
I'd appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
Yours，
Li Hua
二　建议信

建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出的建议和忠告。建议信可以是写给个人，也可以是写给某个组织或机构。信的内容要包括写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least等依次陈述建议，具体为：
第一段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。
第二段：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后指出需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体的建议或忠告。注意千万不要让对方认为是在投诉，而不是在提建议。
第三段：对提出的建议进行总结。注意要有礼貌，使对方更容易接受。

1．段首常用语
(1)I am writing to express my views concerning ...
(2)You have asked for my advice about ... and I will try to make some suggestions.
2．表达建议常用语
(1)I think the most suitable ... for you is ...
(2)I would like to suggest that ...
(3)You'd better ... /It's better to ...
(4)As far as I am concerned ... /In my opinion ...
(5)For one thing ... ; for another ...
(6)If I were you, I would ...
(7)It seems to me that you could ...
3．段尾常用语
(1)I think it would be more beneficial if you could ...
(2)I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration.
(3)I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
(4)I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
(5)I will be ready to discuss this matter in further detail.
4．建议信格式模板
Dear ，
I am . Your suggestions on are . As is known to all, . My suggestions are as follows：
Firstly, . (People can .)
Secondly, . (To make economic profits, .)
Thirdly, . (Many of them .)
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you further./Your kind consideration of my suggestions will be highly appreciated.
Good luck with your .
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming

假定你是李华，你的好友王芳喜欢打排球，但老师和家长都极力劝她放弃打排球，全身心投入高考。为此，她非常纠结和郁闷。请你给她写一封建议信，帮她解决这个困扰。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本文要求以李华的身份给好友王芳写信，帮助她解决关于“是否放弃打排球”的困扰。可分为三段来写：
第一段：表示听到王芳的麻烦感到难过，表明自己很乐意给对方提出建议。
第二段：提出三条建议：(1)理解老师和家长；(2)减少打排球的时间而不是彻底放弃；(3)合理安排时间，找到学习和爱好之间的平衡。
第三段：表达祝愿。
Dear Wang Fang，
I am sorry to hear that you are troubled by something. You are faced with a problem. And I am glad to give you some advice on it.(用定语从句合并为一句：1.And I am glad to give you some advice on the problem (that/which) you are faced with.) As you said, your teachers and parents suggest you give up playing volleyball so that you'll have more time preparing for the College Entrance Examination.
(添加过渡性词语：2.First/First of all), you should understand your teachers and parents, who just want the best for you. Second, I think you should reduce the time spent playing volleyball instead of giving it up. Third, you should arrange your time properly. As long as you can keep a balance between your study and hobby, your teachers and parents will surely not be against (用高级词汇替换：3.object to) it.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
三　申请信

申请信有很多种，有求职申请信、加入某组织的申请信、报考申请信、学位申请信或留学申请信等。写申请信时要注意言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌，要避免浮夸。如果是留学申请或奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息：写明申请学校和专业，介绍个人履历，询问对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料。
申请信一般都包括以下几个部分：申请的原因，具备的条件，恳请所申请单位考虑自己的申请并表达谢意，期望回复。具体为：
第一段：说明写信的目的，介绍自己的身份，对所申请职位或学位的单位或院校的了解以及自己将会为对方所作的贡献，信息的来源等，这一段要写得简短而又能吸引收信人的注意力。
第二段：介绍自己的学历或工作经历，本人的个性，已经取得的成绩，说明为何对这一职位或学校感兴趣以及对未来的打算等。
第三段：表示感谢和期待对方优先考虑自己的申请，以求得面试等机会。这段尤其要注意语气应得体、自信。

1．说明应聘原因常用语
(1)I learned from sb/the newspaper that your company wanted to hire ...
(2)I was told that ...
(3)I have just read in the newspaper that ...
(4)I am writing to inquire opportunities for ...
2．介绍个人简历和优势常用语
(1)Now I'd like to introduce myself to you.
(2)My name is ... .I'm ... years old. I'm ... cm tall.
(3)I graduated from ... University in 2003.
(4)I like swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time.
(5)I work hard and I can get along/on well with others.
(6)I'm good at English and my spoken English is fairly good.
(7)I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.
(8)I am currently studying ...
(9)I would be interested in ...
(10)My main specialty is ...
3．表示感谢，表达决心，请求答复并提供联系方式常用语
(1)Thank you very much.
(2)Thank you for your consideration of my application.
(3)If you agree with me, I'll work hard and try to be a(n) ...
(4)I am available for an interview ...
(5)I look forward to hearing from you.
(6)If you agree with me, please write a letter to me or phone me. I live at ...
(7)My telephone number is ...
4．申请信格式模板
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am writing this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in (报纸名称) of (广告发布时间)．
I am from . As a(n) ， I have been . Besides, I won in . If you consider me an appropriate candidate for the job, please call me at .
I would appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply./Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming

假定你是李华，请用英文写一封申请信，申请作为“志愿家庭”接待来你校交换学习的英国中学生Johnson，内容包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.家庭条件及个人优势；
3.安排英国朋友参加的活动。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：接待家庭host family
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份申请作为“志愿家庭”接待来你校交换学习的英国中学生Johnson。可分为三段来写：
第一段：表达自己申请成为“志愿家庭”的愿望。
第二段：介绍自己家所具备的条件，如父母友好、家的位置便利、自己英语好以便于交流等。
第三段：再次表达自己的申请愿望，恳请对方考虑自己的申请并表示感谢。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I sincerely hope my family can have the honor to be a host family.
My parents are caring and friendly. Our home is next to the city center, so easy shopping access and convenient transportation are available. (改写为定语从句：1.Our home is next to the city center where easy shopping access and convenient transportation are available.) We can offer one separate room for the student. I have a good command of English. It makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely in daily life. (合并为一个简单句：2.My good command of English makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely in daily life.) So I am convinced that I will be a qualified host. If given the chance, I'll invite our guest to join in my family get­together. Besides, we can show him around the city and get him to know more about the real life and culture of China. (改为含有现在分词短语的句子：3.Besides, we can show him around the city, getting him to know more about the real life and culture in China.)
In a word, I'm eager to provide an impressive trip for the foreign friend. I hope you can take my application into consideration. Thank you in advance.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
四　邀请信

邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约，一般分为正式和非正式两种，格式与其他信函相同。具体写作步骤如下：
第一段：说明写作意图。
第二段：具体交代情景，包括受邀请的人、邀请收信人要做什么、地点以及具体的时间等内容，并且强调受邀人参加的理由。
第三段：表示期待收信人的回复。

1．段首常用语
(1)I am writing to invite you to ...
(2)I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in ...
(3)I wonder if you can come ...
(4)How would you like to join us in ...?
2．段尾常用语
(1)Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to ...?
(2)My family and I would feel very honoured if you could come.
(3)We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.
(4)I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.
3．邀请信格式模板
Dear ，
How is everything with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a(n) (内容) at/in (地点) on (时间). We would be honoured to have you there with us.
The occasion will start at (具体时间). This will be followed by a(n) (进一步的安排). At around (时间), (另一个安排)．
Ring me up and tell me whether you will come or not, will you? I really hope you can make it. My phone number is .
Looking forward to .
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming

假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper－cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.展览内容。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份邀请外教Henry来看中国剪纸展览。可分为四段：
第一段：介绍写信的目的——邀请外教Henry来看中国的剪纸艺术展。
第二段：介绍这次展览的时间、地点和内容。
第三段：请收信人对发出的邀请做出反馈——如果感兴趣，请给我发邮件。
第四段：表示期盼。
Dear Henry，
I'm Li Hua. I'm writing to invite you to see the Chinese paper­cutting exhibition. It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.
The exhibition will be held in the City Museum, starting from June 16th and lasting for more than a week. A large number of paper­cut works by experts throughout China will be on show, and some of them are made by famous artists. (改为定语从句：1.A large number of paper­cut works by experts throughout China will be on show, some of which are made by famous artists.) The paper cuts are about different (用高级词汇替换：2.various) things. When we visit the exhibition (用非谓语动词改写：3.Visiting the exhibition), we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot.
If you're interested in the Chinese folk art, please e­mail me. We can visit the exhibition any day.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
五　求助信

求助信是针对自己遇到的问题，向别人寻求帮助的信件。一般分三部分：(1)开头部分：先进行问候，然后说明写信的目的；(2)主体部分：详细说明自己所遇到的困难并请求帮助；(3)结尾部分：表示感谢和期盼之情。

1．开头部分常用语
(1)My name is ... I'm writing to ask for some help.
(2)I have met much difficulty in learning English.
(3)Faced with so much difficulty, I have to turn to you for help.
(4)I wonder whether/if you could do me a favor ...
(5)In the meanwhile/At the same time, I beg you to ... so that ... Also, I would like you to ...
(6)I would like you to introduce some good ways to learn grammar.
2．结尾部分常用语
(1)I'm sure with your help I can make great progress.
(2)I will appreciate any of your help.
3．求助信格式模板
Dear ，
My name is (自我介绍). I'm writing to you to ask for some help. I have met much difficulty in (求助内容). First, I find (困难1). Besides, (困难2). What's more, (困难3)．
Faced with so much difficulty, I have to turn to you for some help. Would you like to (委婉提出请求1)? In the meanwhile, I beg you to (请求内容2) so that (请求目的). Also, I would like you to (请求内容3)．
I'm sure that I can make great progress in (表达期待)．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

假定你是高中生李华，你们学校要在三月十日举办英语配音比赛(dubbing contest)，你想参赛，但是不知道该选什么电影。你给笔友Peter写封邮件，请他推荐。比赛要求：
1.主题是关于友谊；
2.时间限定在4到5分钟；
3.每个节目最多6个角色。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份向Peter写信求助，想参加配音比赛，却不知该选什么电影。所以请Peter推荐合适的电影。正文可分为三段来写：
第一段：问候对方并交代写信的目的——求助。

第二段：说明自己遇到的具体困难——想参加配音比赛，但是不知道选择哪部电影合适，所以求推荐。
第三段：表示感谢和期盼之情。
Dear Peter，
How is everything going? I am writing to you, hoping to seek help. (用in the hope of改写： 1.I am writing to you in the hope of seeking help.)
Our school will hold an English dubbing contest on March 10th. I am eager to have a try. However, I don't know which film is suitable. (改写为并列句：2.I am eager to have a try but I don't know which film is suitable.)
As a movie fan，would you be so kind as to give me some recommendations? According to the requirements, the theme should be about friendship. And each video may last 4 to 5 minutes. (添加过渡性词语：3.What's more/In addition/Moreover /Besides), there should not be more than six characters in each video.
I would really appreciate it if you could do me the favor.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
六　道歉信

道歉信通常是在因自己的过失或疏忽给别人带来了麻烦或损失并发觉的情况下，为了向对方表示歉意而写的信件。具体写作结构如下：
第一部分：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。
第二部分：说明道歉的具体原因并做出解释。
第三部分：再次表明歉意，请求谅解，并提出弥补措施。

1．开头部分常用语
(1)I am writing this letter to apologize to you for ...
(2)I would like to express my deepest apology/regret for not being able to/my failing to ...
(3)I remember we planned to ... but now because ... I cannot ... with you as planned.
(4)I must apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused for you.
(5)I am very sorry for my not being able to ... due to the fact that ...
(6)I regret to inform you that I can not/am unable to ...
(7)I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for ...
2．结尾部分常用语
(1)Please allow me to say sorry again.
(2)Will you please accept my apology?
(3)With apologies once again./With many apologies.
(4)Please accept my sincere apology for ... once more.
(5)I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.
3．道歉信格式模板
Dear ，
I am terribly sorry to tell you that (陈述需道歉的事由). Now I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.
I hope you will understand me and excuse me for (请求对方原谅的事由). The reason for my delay/absence was/is that (解释过失的原因). Therefore it's not in my power to (过失导致的结果)．
I sincerely hope that you can accept my apology and understand it. I would appreciate your allowing me to (提出弥补措施). Once again, I'm sorry for any inconvenience caused by me.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示歉意；
2.说明原因；
3.另约时间。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份写一封因为不能按时赴约而向朋友Bob表示道歉的邮件，可分为三段来写：
第一段：表达问候，然后说明写信的原因——为不能和朋友一起去书店而道歉。
第二段：解释不能去的原因——忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。
第三段：再次希望对方接受自己的道歉，并提出另约时间的建议(用商量的语气提出)。
Dear Bob，
How is everything going? I'm writing to express my regret for being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend. (用for引导的并列句改写：1.I'm writing to express my regret, for I won't be able to go to the bookstore with you next weekend.) I feel terribly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.
My final exam will be held in two weeks and it makes me worried. (用what引导的名词性从句改写：2.What makes me worried is my final exam which/that will be held in two weeks.) So I have to make preparations for it at that time. I appreciate that you understand the importance of the exam and I must try my best (用高级词汇替换：3.spare no effort) to do well in my final exam if possible.
I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Could we make another appointment to go to the bookstore together? Please let me know what time is OK for you.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
七　投诉信

在生活中，人们经常会遇到一些令人烦心的事情，比如消费权益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等，此时写投诉信不失为一个解决问题的办法。
投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的建议或敦促对方采取措施，或者提出期望的赔偿以及补救方式。组织提纲时要遵循“三步走”的写作规律：
第一段：表明来信所要投诉的问题，尽可能做到客观、礼貌，给读信人留下好印象。应该记住读信人不一定就是犯错误的责任人，他的合作对事情最终的圆满解决有着非常重要的作用。
第二段：写明投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果。可以说具体的理由，也可以说问题的具体体现方式。
第三段：提出解决方案，不需要展开。这段应体现书信的礼貌原则，可以用类似“如果你能……，我将十分感激”这样的表达方式，还要注意做到客观、公正。

1．段首常用语
(1)I am writing to make a complaint about ...
(2)I am most reluctant to complain, but ...
(3)One annoying aspect of your service is ...
(4)I have been pleased with your service for years, but now I feel very disappointed.
(5)I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault ...
(6)I am writing to inform you that I find ... unsatisfactory.
(7)I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about ...
2．段尾常用语
(1)It would be highly appreciated if you could ...
(2)I believe you will take my complaints seriously and ...
(3)I hope you will give due attention to this matter.
(4)I would like to get this matter settled by the end of this month.
(5)I would not be more satisfied if you could kindly ...
(6)I would appreciate it very much if you could ...
3．投诉信格式模板
Dear ，
I am (自我介绍). I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about (投诉的事情)．
The reason for my dissatisfaction is (总体介绍). In the first place, (抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, (抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it (感觉) to (被投诉的事情给自己带来的消极影响)．
I would appreciate it very much if you could (提出建议和请求), preferably (进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by (设定解决事情的最后期限)．
Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，


假设你是李华，两周前你从网上订购了一套英语书虫系列读物(Bookworm Series)，昨天才收到货，且包装破损、数量不足。请就此向网站客服写封邮件投诉。要点如下：
1.介绍购物情况；
2.反映存在问题；
3.提出解决方案。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份进行投诉：从网上买的书送货太慢、包装破损、数量不足。主体部分可分为三段：
第一段：介绍在网上订购一套英语书虫系列读物的事实。
第二段：提出存在的问题——送货慢、书的封面破损、书的数量不足。
第三段：表达自己对这次购物的失望，表明自己的诉求——要么退钱，要么邮寄一套新书给自己。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm one of your customers. I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago.
However, I didn't receive them until yesterday. And the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn, which made me very disappointed. (用含有disappointment的句子改写：1.And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn.)(添加过渡性词语：2.To make matters worse/Worse still/What's worse/Even worse), it is not a complete set, as I found one book missing.
I'm sorry to have received such poor service, and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem. You can return my money. You can also deliver a new set of books to me. (用either ... or ... 改写：3.You can either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me.) Besides, I'd like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
八　通知

通知(Notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某件事情等时使用的一种应用文体，通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。
1．口头通知是面对面地把信息传达给对方。这种通知开头应有称呼语，正式场合用Ladies and gentlemen(女士们、先生们)，有时也可以用Boys and girls或Comrades and friends(同志们、朋友们)等。开头还常有提醒听众注意的开场白，如“Attention, please.”或“May I have your attention, please？”或“I have an announcement to make.”等；结尾常说“That's all.Thank you.”或“Thank you for listening.”等，以示礼貌。口头通知中不必说明发布通知的日期和发布通知的人或单位。
2．写书面通知时，应明确写出发出通知的单位和日期。一般情况下，书面通知的首行中央写上Notice。通知的发布单位常写在正文结束的右下角。也可以写在Notice的上方或前面，发布通知的日期一般写在正文的左下角(在落款的下一行)或写在通知正文的右上角(在Notice的下一行)。口头通知和书面通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容，因而多用将来时，一般用祈使句来强调。通知的语言要简洁明了，条理清晰，准确无误，特别是时间概念很重要，必须写得十分明确，不容丝毫含糊。

1．段首常用语
(1)May I have/call your attention, please?
(2)Attention, please, everybody!
(3)I have an announcement to make.
(4)I have something to tell you.
2．段中常用语
(1)There will be a talk this afternoon.
(2)Student Union has decided that ...
(3)We shall have a lecture on ...
(4)It has been decided that we'll pay a visit to ...
3．段尾常用语
(1)Please be there on time and don't be late.
(2)I hope you can have a good time.
(3)That's all. Thank you.
4．书面通知格式模板
Notice
April 1st, 2019
In order to ， is to be held on (日期), at (时间) in (地点). Whoever is interested in it is welcome to attend . Those who want to take part in please sign up at Student Union. Please remember: .
Student Union
5．口头通知格式模板
Ladies and gentlemen，
Your attention, please. I have something to tell you.
具体内容：
Please remember: Time:
Place：
Thank you for listening.

为了推广中国文化，学生会将于2019年6月20日在学校报告厅举办“中国诗词大会”(Chinese Poetry Conference)，请你用英语写一则通知告知该校同学有关参赛事宜。
要点：1.报名时间、地点；
2.比赛内容：中国诗词，以唐诗为主；
3.奖品：《唐诗三百首》；
4.联系人及联系方式：李华12369@ qq.com。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求通知该校学生有关在学校报告厅举办“中国诗词大会”的事情。可分为三段：
第一段：说明通知的内容——我们学校要举办“中国诗词大会”。
第二段：介绍此次活动的具体情况：举行的时间、地点，对参加者的具体要求。
第三段：告知大家联系方式。
Notice
In order to promote Chinese culture, our school will hold a Chinese Poetry Conference. I'd like to inform you of some details about it.
As it is scheduled (改为省略结构：1.As scheduled), the conference is to be held in the school lecture hall at 7：00 pm on June 20, 2019, before which you are supposed to get adequately prepared. (添加过渡性词语：2.Therefore), it's strongly recommended that you recite enough classical poetries and focus on the poems of the Tang Dynasty. The appealing prize Three Hundred Tang Poems is waiting for you. Whoever wants to participate, please sign up at the Student Union Office before March 31.
For any question, please e­mail Li Hua at 12369@ qq. com. You are sure to (用高级词汇替换：3.are bound to) benefit a lot from it.
九　倡议书

倡议书是公开提倡某种做法，倡导某项活动，鼓动别人响应的一种信函文书。倡议书分为个人倡议书和集体倡议书两种。倡议书的结构为：标题、正文、署名和日期。高考一般只考查正文部分。倡议书的正文内容一般包括三部分：
第一部分：正文的开头。简明扼要地写出倡议的目的、意义和有关背景，让人们懂得“为什么”要去做所倡议的活动。只有了解了活动的目的、意义，人们才会自觉地行动起来。
第二部分：正文的主体。写倡议的主要内容和具体措施，即写“做什么”和“怎么做”。这是倡议书的核心部分。这部分最好用条款式分别列出，交代清楚，让响应者有所遵循，清楚要做什么和怎么去做，要写得明确、清晰。
第三部分：结尾。写倡议者的决心和希望。这部分要写得热情洋溢，富于鼓舞性，最好能提出一个能概括全文主旨的响亮、有力的口号，让响应者容易记住倡议的主要内容，并受到鼓舞。

1．段首常用语
(1)I think/suggest we should ...
(2)In my opinion, we had better ...
(3)In order to ..., I advise ...
(4)It is required that we ...
2．段中常用语
(1)I'm calling for your active participation in ...
(2)Do you cherish precious opportunities to volunteer in ...?
(3)I think we should follow the advice below.
(4)Here is a great one not to be missed by enthusiastic youth.
3．段尾常用语
(1)It's time that we did something to ...
(2)Let's join our hands and take action immediately.
(3)In my opinion, we should be polite and spare no effort to do something ...
(4)Only in this way can we succeed.
4．倡议书格式模板
In recent years, we have to face the problem (具体问题), which is becoming more and more serious. In order to (引出倡议目的)．
Faced with the problem, we should take some effective measures. On the one hand, (解决措施一). On the other hand, (解决措施二). More importantly, (解决措施三)．
In my opinion, I'm convinced that (我的解决措施). Meanwhile, it is high time (号召人们解决这一问题). In a word, only with our efforts can we expect a brilliant future.

越来越多的汽车进入了我们的家庭，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如堵车和车祸，这给家庭和社会带来了极大的危害。作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？请写一篇有关交通安全的倡议书。内容包括：
1.遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线；
2.别在街道或马路上玩耍；
3.劝父母不要酒后驾车。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：斑马线zebra crossing
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求写一篇有关交通安全的倡议书。可分为三段：
第一段：说明此次倡议的背景——车辆的增加带来了很多问题：交通拥挤和交通事故。
第二段：写出倡议的主要内容——遵守交通规则，不要在公路上玩耍，告诉父母应该怎么做等。
第三段：再次强调此次倡议的意义，表达希望——交通安全，人人有责。
More and more cars are coming into our families and we are happy that it has greatly improved our life. (改为含有with复合结构的句子：1.With more and more cars coming into our families, our life has been greatly improved.) But unluckily, it has also brought many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents.
Traffic safety is everybody's business. We must obey the rules. For example, we must walk on the sidewalks. When we cross zebra crossing, we must stop, look both ways, and then go across the road fast. Don't play on the road. We can remind our parents not to drive drunk, not to run through red lights, and not to talk and laugh while they are driving (改为省略结构：2.while driving)．
Cars are an important part of life for most people, but we can stay safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks only when everyone's road traffic safety awareness is enhanced and promoted (改为倒装结构：3.but only when everyone's road traffic safety awareness is enhanced and promoted can we stay safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks)．
十　演讲致辞

发表演说，发言人都是为了达到某一特定的目的，所以根据致辞的目的，发言稿可分为宣讲类和欢迎(送)类。其共同的特点在于要突出主题，易于被听众接受。此类写作在结构安排上可分为如下三个部分：
第一部分：称谓(对听众或与会者的称呼)。如：Comrades, Friends, Ladies and gentlemen, Dear fellow students, Boys and girls, Good afternoon, everyone ...
第二部分：正文或导言。正文部分明确介绍欢迎或欢送的对象，简单介绍其身份、经历，客人在逗留期间进行了哪些活动等。
第三部分：结束语。如：That's all. Thank you! Thank you for your listening/attention.等。

1．欢迎致辞常用语
(1)We are glad to have a chance to get together with ...
(2)We feel greatly honoured to have a chance to be with ...
(3)Let's give our warm welcome to ...
(4)Thank you for your accepting our invitation to come to ...
(5)First of all, allow me on behalf of ... to do ...
(6)Now let us ask sb to speak to us.
2．欢送致辞常用语
(1)In bidding farewell to sb ...
(2)To convey our profound friendship to sb ...
(3)To convey our best regards and respects to sb ...
(4)To wish sb a pleasant journey home and good health ...
(5)May the friendship between ... be further developed!
3．演讲致辞格式模板
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone，
It's so nice to see all of you here. I feel greatly honored to have the opportunity to deliver a lecture on .It's a great pleasure for me to speak here. The topic of my lecture is .Today I will talk about .It's nice to talk/speak about (演讲主题). First of all, . Besides, . Last but not least, .To begin with, . Secondly, . What's more, (具体内容)．
As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, . From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that .
Thanks for your attention/listening (演讲结束语)．

假如你是李华，作为高三毕业生代表，你将在学校举办的毕业晚会上用英文作一个简短的告别演讲。内容要点如下：
1.对三年高中生活的怀念；
2.对老师的感谢；
3.对母校的祝福。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求以李华的身份，在学校举办的毕业晚会上用英文作一个简短的告别演讲。可分为三段：
第一段：表达对三年高中生活的怀念。
第二段：表达对老师的感谢。
第三段：表达对母校的祝福。
Dear teachers and fellow students，
How time flies! We'll say goodbye to our school soon. Now it's really hard for me to put my feelings into words. The past three years has been really a wonderful journey with you guys.
Our great teachers contributed their time, energy and love so that they can make the journey safe and fruitful.(改为简单句：1.To make the journey safe and fruitful, our great teachers contributed their time, energy and love.) Here, we are extremely grateful for all that, our dear teachers, have done for us. (改为what引导的名词性从句：2.Here, we are extremely grateful for what you, our dear teachers, have done for us.) It'll soon be the time for us to depart. But it is not the end. It just means that we're going to begin a new journey.
(添加过渡性词语：3.Finally/Last but not least), on behalf of all the graduates present here, let me extend our sincere wishes to our school and respectable teachers.
Thank you！
记叙文

记叙文是以叙述或描写的手法来表达、以记人或叙事为主要内容的一种文体，叙述人们的经历或事物的发展变化过程。记叙文大致可分为两类；以记人为主的记叙文和以记事为主的记叙文。前者主要以人物的经历、活动或性格为特征进行叙述，重在人物的活动；后者主要对某一事件的发生、发展和结果进行叙述，重在叙述事情发生、发展的过程。记叙文具备六大要素，即时间、地点、人物，事件、原因和结果。写记叙文时，要交代清楚时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)和事件(what)，然后再进一步叙述事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)等要素。记叙文的命题形式主要是提纲式和图画式。写作时，时间、地点、人物等要素一般会出现在题目提示或图画中，有时也会出现有关要素不确定的情况。

1．人物介绍常用词句模板
(1) ... was born in ... (some place) on ... (the date)．
(2) ... is considered to be one of the greatest ...
(3)be admitted to ... college; graduate from ... department of ... University.
(4)When at college, he majored in ... and received a doctor's degree.
(5)be interested in ... /be fond of ...
(6)From ... to ... , he first worked as ... , and then he became ... .
(7)win a prize/the first prize in ... competition
(8)one of the best/most important ...
(9)set ... a good example
(10)be respected by everyone
2．叙事常用词句模板
(1)I was about to do ... when ...
(2)It was snowing/raining heavily/hard on Monday morning.
(3)Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise.
(4)The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
(5)All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.
(6)Time flew and two hours had passed before we realized it.
(7)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.
(8)Tired as we were, we still felt quite happy.
(9)This is really an unforgettable experience.
(10)I learned from the experience that honesty always comes first.

假定你是李华，申请到一家外资企业做兼职，对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括以下所列全部内容：
姓名：李华
出生年月：2002年2月
出生地：辽宁大连
学历：2008～2014光明小学
2014～2020大连市第六中学
所学主要课程：语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、计算机
特长：英语、计算机(去年在全校计算机竞赛中获得一等奖)
业余爱好：游泳、滑冰、集邮、流行音乐
注意：1.情况介绍必须采用短文形式；
2.词数100左右。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求写一篇个人简历，也就是自我介绍，根据试题要求“必须采用短文形式”，即一篇不分段的短文。但要注意以下两点：
1．时态：一般过去时和一般现在时相结合；人称：第一人称。
2．写作要点：个人信息；主要课程；特长与爱好。
A self­introduction
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian, Liaoning Province in February 2002. I started school in 2008 at six (1.改成when引导的时间状语从句when I was six). I studied in Guangming Primary School from 2008 to 2014. After that I was enrolled by No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school are (2.升级为高级动词include) Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. I like English and computer best and I am very good at them. Last year I won the first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favorite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter. (3.在词汇不变的前提下修改句式Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my favorite sports.)
说明文

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合应用文体进行考查，一般分为场所路线介绍、事物介绍、方式方法或计划安排介绍三大类。时态通常用一般现在时。写说明文宜采用三段式：
第一段：主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的。
第二段：说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤。
第三段：进行总结概括。

1．说明方位、路线常用语
(1)．.. is located at the foot of/by the side of/to the east of/to the north of ...
(2)In front of it is ..., with ... on its left and ... on its right.
(3)Turning to the left, you will see ..., behind which is ...
(4)Walking past ..., you will see the building that appears in front of you is ...
(5)Along the road are lines of trees, casting dense shade on the sidewalk.
(6)A walk around ... is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes.
(7)On your left lies a(n) ..., with all kinds of ... in it.
(8)Next to the door against the wall there is a(n) ..., in which we sit to watch TV every evening.
2．说明事物的特点或优势常用语
(1)．.. is a new kind of ... produced by ..., which is ...
(2)Made of ..., it is light, small, and easy to carry.
(3)Containing much top and new technique, ... is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price.
(4)It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold and has mild weather.
(5)Built in the 16th century, the castle has witnessed what's coming and going in history.
3．说明文格式模板
From the chart, we can learn that (图表/图画内容), which reveals/reflects (稍作评价)．
There are at least two good reasons accounting for (事件). For one thing, (从社会角度说明/论证). For another thing, (从个人角度说明/论证). For example, (以自己、朋友等为例加以说明). Last but not least, (从反面角度说明/论述)．
As a result, the worrying situation is urging us to (建议或措施). Only in this way can we (展望结果). In conclusion/In brief, (再次说明观点). We should (进一步说明)．

下面的柱状图(bar chart)显示了你校上周针对“用电脑、手机和纸媒学习”的调查结果。请你用英语给21st Century报社写一篇短文，报道你校的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor，
We made a survey in our school last week and I'd like to tell you something about the results.




[审题谋篇通思路]
本题是关于“用电脑、手机和纸媒学习”的调查结果的写作，可分为三段：
第一段：说明本文的目的——呈现上周调查的结果。
第二段：分析图表中数据的含义——使用各种学习方式与手段所占的比例。
第三段：得出结论——纸媒学习还是占主流。
Dear Editor，
We made a survey in our school last week and I'd like to tell you something about the results.
As is shown in the bar chart, students using paper­based materials to study occupy 47%, followed by 38% of the students, who get used to (用高级词汇替换：1.get accustomed to) using all the three means of study. 11% of the students surveyed prefer to use computers. Students who think smartphones can be beneficial to their study account for 4%.
It is apparent that the traditional way of study that students read books and take notes with a pen is still the choice for most students. (用apparently改写：2.Apparently, the traditional way of study that students read books and take notes with a pen is still the choice for most students.) Computers or phones usage is supposed to do harm to eyesight and it is the reason why a small number of students choose. (用which引导的定语从句改写：3.Computers or phones usage is supposed to do harm to eyesight, which is the reason why a small number of students choose.) As far as I am concerned, if used properly, all these means of study can benefit us.
议论文

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据和论证是不可缺少的三要素。在给出的材料和话题的基础上自由发挥，对所给材料进行判断、论述和发表个人观点。这种体裁有利于体现学生个性发展和思维的灵活性，符合新课程的理念。绝大部分议论文基本上都宜用“三段式”的写法，具体来讲就是：
第一段：开头——引论。用以引出一个令人关注的话题(topic)，阐明观点或看法。
第二段：主体——本论。全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。
第三段：结尾——结论。对主体部分内容进行概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。
议论文的写作较之于其他体裁的文章来说，相对有规律可循，文章的开头具有一定的共性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处。因此使用规律性的语句不但可以显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。

1．段首常用语
(1)We have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged by parks.
(2)We have had a survey on whether students should be allowed to take mobile phones to school.
(3)Different people hold different opinions/views.
(4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/to ...
(5)People take different views on this question.
(6)People have different opinions on this problem.
2．段落过渡常用语
(1)Others have different opinions.
(2)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of them are against the idea.
(3)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ..., but forty percent of them don't think so.
(4)However, ... of them hold a different view/ ... of them hold the opposite opinion.
(5)People who are against it don't think so.
(6)However, every coin has two sides.
3．段尾常用语
(1)As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ...
(2)In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ...
(3)Only in this way can ... in the future.
4．议论文格式模板
模板(1)：观点对比型
There is a widespread concern over the issue that (作文题目). But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
The majority of people think that (观点一). In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude. In the first place, (原因一). Furthermore/In the second place, (原因二). So it goes without saying that (观点一)．
The other people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the idea that (观点二). In their point of view, on the one hand, (原因一). On the other hand, (原因二). Therefore, there is no doubt that (观点二)．
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that (观点一或观点二). It is not only because ， but also because . The more ， the more .
模板(2)：说明利弊型
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, (A的优点之一). Besides, (A的优点之二)．
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that (A的第一个缺点). To make matters worse, (A的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to (我的看法). From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it seriously and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way (对前景的预测)．
模板(3)：观点陈述型
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目). It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no effort to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, (途径一). In addition, another way contributing to successfully solving the problem is (途径二)．
Above all, to solve the problem of (作文题目), we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say， (方法陈述)．

假如你是高中生张萌。iPad已经成为中学生的新宠。上周你们班就中学生是否应该将iPad带进校园进行了一次讨论。请用英语写一篇短文，谈谈中学生使用iPad的情况。短文内容包括以下要点：
1.iPad给中学生带来的好处；
2.iPad给中学生带来的负面影响；
3.你对中学生使用iPad的看法和建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇通思路]
本题要求就“iPad给中学生带来的好处或坏处”进行论述，可以分为四段：
第一段：提出问题或现象——中学生现在流行使用iPad。
第二段：说明使用iPad的好处——可以听音乐、下载学习资料等。
第三段：说明iPad的负面影响——在教室里使用使老师和同学们很反感。
第四段：表明自己的观点——学校应该制定一些规定来引导学生使用iPad。
Nowadays, it's fashionable for young students to own iPads. Should the students bring their iPads to school? Last week we had a heated discussion about it. (合并为一个复合句：1.Last week we had a heated discussion about whether the students should bring their iPads to school.)
Some students are in favor of it, because they can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them. Obviously, it is very helpful to their studies. (用“be of＋n.”改写：2.Obviously, it's of great help to their studies.)
However, others are against it. Some students bring their iPads to the classroom to listen to music with earphones and even play video games. It makes teachers and students greatly annoyed. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句：3.Some students bring their iPads to the classroom to listen to music with earphones and even play video games, which makes teachers and students greatly annoyed.)
In my opinion, the classroom is a place for studying, and concentration is terribly needed. Therefore, schools should make some rules to instruct the students to use iPads properly.
【考点剖析】　
考点(一)词汇类错误　
考试时，很容易出现单词拼写错误和词形变化错误；而词性不清和词汇用法方面的错误主要还是受汉语思维的影响。其应对措施是在备考时要多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形变化错误的单词，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不能想当然地改动。
1．单词拼写错误
误：By the way, he's a senior High School student named Lihua from Tian Jin, china.
正：By the way, he's a senior high school student named Li Hua from Tianjin, China.
2.词形变化错误
误：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water.
正：People threw cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water.
3．词性不清错误
误：Everyone in my family is like the dog.
正：Everyone in my family likes the dog.
4．词汇用法错误
误：He opened the light after he entered the room.
正：He turned on the light after he entered the room.
5．擅自改动习语
误：Nowadays most parents attach much importance with education.
正：Nowadays most parents attach much importance to education.
考点(二)语法类错误　　
一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构思也难以正确地表达，语法类错误的多少会直接影响作文的档次。英语书面表达中语法类错误主要表现在：
1．时态错误
误：When he came back, he found that his wife has gone to hed.
正：When he came back, he found that his wife had gone to bed.
2．语态错误
误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.
正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.
3．主谓一致错误
误：Some students like books that is written by Lu Xun.
正：Some students like books that are written by Lu Xun.
4.比较级使用错误
误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller.
正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller.
5．非谓语动词使用错误
误：The teacher came into the lab, following by some students.
正：The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
考点(三)汉语式英语　
一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括：
1．纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序
误：At this school studying, I really very happy.
正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy.
2．句子成分残缺
①误：There are many students don't support the project.
正：There are many students who don't support the project.
②误：He told me that all my classmates sitting in the classroom.
正：He told me that all my classmates were sitting in the classroom.
3．句子粘连
误：The old man has two sons, both of them work in the same company.
正：The old man has two sons, and both of them work in the same company.
正：The old man has two sons, both of whom work in the same company.
4．主谓搭配不当
误：He happened an accident yesterday.
正：An accident happened to him yesterday.
5．动宾搭配不当
误：They are trying their best to improve their production.
正：They are trying their best to increase their production.
6．形容词和名词搭配不当
误：We walked a far way before planting trees.
正：We walked a long way before planting trees.
7．动词和副词搭配不当
误：My grandfather very likes black tea and has it every day.
正：My grandfather likes black tea very much and has it every day.
8.介词和宾语搭配不当
误：They will build a monument on memory of the national hero.
正：They will build a monument in memory of the national hero
防范出现错误的两个措施
句子正确是作文得高分的关键和保证，考场上要避免上述低级错误，可采取以下两个措施。
——　　(一)确定主语　　——
英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语you)。写句子前首先要确定主语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。例如：
1．北京八月多雨。
误：Beijing rains much in August.
正：It rains much in Beijing in August.
2．写得很匆忙，我们发现书中满是错误。
误：Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes.
正：Written in a hurry, the book was found full of mistakes (by us)．
——　　(二)确定谓语动词　　——
英语中没有动词就构不成句子，但动词千变万化，稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面。
1．注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用
误：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years.
正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years.
2．注意延续性与非延续性动词的正确运用
误：His grandmother has died for fifteen years.
正：His grandmother has been dead for fifteen years.
3．注意一些不可用于被动语态的动词或动词短语
误：That dictionary is belonged to the library.
正：That dictionary belongs to the library
【真题演练】　　
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1．农场情况；
2．采摘过程；
3．个人感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．题目已为你写好。
题目：My Weekend
【审题谋篇】
体裁
英语短文
人称
第一人称
时态
一般过去时
要点
1.农场情况；2.采摘过程；3.个人感受
【提纲要点】
1.第一段——农场情况
①引出主题
A group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend.
②农场情况
The farm is situated at the foot of a mountain. We were attracted by the beautiful scenery.
2．第二段——采摘过程
③采摘现场
We saw red ripe peaches hanging on the tree.
④采摘过程
We first picked the ones that were most beautiful in color.
3．第三段——个人感受
⑤个人感受
I was grateful for this opportunity.
⑥个人收获
I was able to experience fruit picking and feast on the sweetness！
【润色升级】
1.将①句用过去分词作状语表达
Organized by the Student Union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend.
2．将②句进行细节补充
The farm is situated at the foot of a mountain, the sky is blue and the air is fresh. We were attracted by the beautiful scenery. There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as a variety of animals.
3．将③④句用介词短语、现在分词表达，并增加细节描写
On arriving, we saw red ripe peaches hanging on the tree. Using baskets and ladders, we first picked the ones that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft.
4．将⑤句用不定式进行补充表达
I was grateful for this opportunity to get close to nature.
5．将⑥句用倒装句进行表达
Not only would I be able to experience fruit picking, but I could also feast on the sweetness!
【规范誊写】

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：
1．时间；
2．活动安排；
3．欢迎他表演节目。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
邀请信
人称
第一、二人称为主
时态
一般现在时和一般将来时为主
要点
1.音乐节举办的时间；2.活动内容安排；3.欢迎他表演节目。
【提纲要点】
1. 第一段——点明主题发出邀请，并介绍音乐节的具体内容
①点明主题
A Chinese classical music concert will be held in the music hall of our school.
②发出邀请
I'd like to invite you to join me.
③活动安排
Many music masterpieces will be played by a famous band.
④欢迎他表演节目
You are welcome to give a performance.
2．第二、三段——表达期盼，期待回复
⑤表达期盼——我将在音乐厅入口等你
I'll meet you at the entrance of the music hall.
⑥期待回复
Looking forward to your reply!
【润色升级】
1.将①句增加时间细节，并用宾语从句进行表达
I'm glad to tell you that a Chinese classical music concert will be held in the music hall of our school on November 8th.
2．将②句用非谓语动词作状语表达，并与④句合并
Knowing that you are fond of classical music, I'd like to invite you to join me and you are welcome to give a performance.
3．将⑤句用if条件句表达，并增加细节
If it is convenient for you, I'll meet you at the entrance of the music hall at 7：00 that evening.
【规范誊写】


(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：
1．短片内容：学校的发展；
2．放映时间、地点；
3．欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice




【审题谋篇】
体裁
通知
人称
第三人称为主
时态
一般现在时为主
要点
1.短片内容；2.放映时间、地点；3.欢迎对短片提出意见
【提纲要点】
1. 第一段——点题：你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片。
①Recently, an outstanding short film will be shown in our school. Welcome to join us and enjoy it!
2．第二段——主体段落展开：短片内容；放映时间、地点；欢迎对短片提出意见。
②短片内容：学校的发展
The movie is a documentary about the development of our school.
③放映时间、地点
It will be shown in the library on June 9th.
④欢迎参加会后讨论并对短片提出意见
Every one of you is welcome to take part in the discussion held afterwards and give your comments.
⑤我们期待你的评论和反馈。
We are expecting and encouraging your comments and feedback.
3．第三段——表达期望
⑥I have the confidence that you will have a great time then.
【润色升级】
1.句②通过增加定语从句来拓展要点
The name of the movie is Growing Together, which is a documentary about the development of our beloved school.
2．句③通过增加具体时间和地点拓展要点
It will be shown on the fourth floor of the school library from 2：00 to 4：00 in the afternoon on June 9th.
3．句④和句⑤用非谓语动词作状语合并为一句，实现句式升级
Every one of you is welcome to take part in the discussion held afterwards, expected and encouraged to give your comments and feedback.
【规范誊写】

【过关检测】
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校学生会将举办传统经典诵读比赛。请你代表学生会用英语写一则书面通知，主要内容包括：
1．比赛宗旨；
2．赛事安排；
3．注意事项。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Notice
A Chinese classics reading contest is scheduled to open on our playground on the afternoon of June 18, with the purpose of enriching students' after－school life and exploring traditional Chinese culture. Both team competitions and individual ones will be organized. Each class is expected to read a classic together and one student from each class will compete against others. The winners will be chosen and announced on the spot. Monitors are supposed to hand in the title of the classic you are going to read and the name of the competitor from your class by April 22. It is your show time. Please make good preparations for it. For more information, please contact us.
Student Union
假定你是李华，请你用英语给外教Peterson写一封电子邮件，回顾周末帮助家人做家务的一次经历。内容包括：
1．做家务的理由；
2．做家务的过程；
3．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Dear Peterson，
As an 18­year old middle school student, I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with housework. Feeling very sorry for not helping them, I begin to think about what to do to help.
Last Sunday, when my parents went out shopping, it suddenly occurred to me that I could give the rooms a thorough cleaning. Firstly, I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that, I swept and mopped the floors.
At that moment, my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. My mother gave me a hug and I could see her satisfaction from her eyes. Tired as I was, I felt so happy.
Yours，
Li Hua
现在，越来越多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭，就这一现象结合下面的提示，写一篇短文。
1.陈述现象；
2.说明此现象的原因(至少两点)；
3.你个人的看法和选择。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.行文连贯，语篇完整；
3.文中不得透露个人真实信息。
参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆take－out restaurant
[精彩范文]
Nowadays, a growing number of young people would rather order food on the Internet or call a take－out restaurant for meals than cook at home.
It's not surprising for them to do so. For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious. In their eyes, it is unnecessary to take time to cook. For another thing, home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.
In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat. The busier we are, the more attention we should pay to food. Therefore, I prefer to cook food at home and go on a balanced diet.
某英文刊物现向中学生征稿，题目为“How to deal with used books after graduation”。你作为一位即将高中毕业的学生有意向向该刊投稿，请你在文中试举两三例处理方式，并且简单说明每种处理方式的利弊，最后谈谈你认为的最佳的处理方式及原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：参考书reference books
How to deal with used books after graduation



[精彩范文]
How to deal with used books after graduation
In the three senior high school years, we students have acquired much knowledge and consolidated our knowledge by doing plenty of exercises from the reference books we continually buy. When it comes to how to deal with these books after graduation, I think there are different ways.
Throwing them away is of course the easiest way but a waste of money, material and even our wisdom because we have left some helpful marks in these books. Selling them to be recycled can be beneficial to our environment but it isn't a completely satisfying way. I think if we want to make full use of these books, we can send them to the younger ones who are poor but need them badly. Thus they not only save money but get the experience of learning from the books we used. Perhaps this is the best way to deal with our used books.