高考英语完形填空训练题（附解析）

这是一份高考英语完形填空训练题（附解析），共30页。试卷主要包含了4度等内容，欢迎下载使用。
完形填空
Two new studies add further pieces to the jigsaw puzzle that is human evolution. One reports a (n)____1____extra member of the genus Homo. The other casts ____2____ on possible interbreeding between three human species in the Middle East.
Homo longi--- “Dragon man” into English from Chinese, via Latin---is not a (n)____3____find, but a reinterpretation of an existing one. The cranium (头盖) in question was dug up in Harbin in1933 and is____4____at Hebei GEO University, in Shijiazhuang. It is146,000 years old and was____5____ badged as an archaic form of Homo sapiens (智人). But Ni Xijun and Ji Qiang, who work at the university, disagree. As they report in the Innovation, the cranium would indeed have contained a brain similar in size to a modern human’s, but the fossil is too large to be sapiens and has molars and eye sockets which dwarf those of people today. Dr Ni and Dr Ji also realised that it is too long and low to be sapiens. It lacks the____6____of a modern human cranium.
This is good news for____7____ of the recent- African- origin theory, which holds that most non-African human beings alive today are descendants of a small number of migrants who____8____to Asia from the Horn of Africa about60, 000 years ago, meaning that any non- African human fossil from before that date is probably of another species descended from earlier, non- sapiens departures from Africa. The question was, which earlier species did the Harbin fossil represent? By____9____it with known archaic humans, including Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis, Dr Ni and Dr Ji_____10_____ that it was none of them, and must therefore be new to science and so worthy of its own name. There is, however, one other possibility-for there is a now-extinct type of human of which no cranium has yet been _____11_____ . Homo denisova’s existence was established by the extraction of DNA from a finger bone, and traces of that DNA, a remnant of interspecies breeding，still exist in modern humans, notably in China. Since one of the Harbin fossil’s molars perfectly matches the size and root _____12_____ of a molar from the Denisova cave in Russia, after which Homo denisova is named, it may be that Dr Ni and Dr Ji have actually identified the first Denisovan cranium.
The other study, published in Science by Israel Hershkovitz of Tel Aviv University, also speaks to the question of interspecific interbreeding. Even supporters of the recent-African-origin theory recognise that there was, _____13_____, an earlier “ leakage” of Homo sapiens from north-east Africa into the Levant. Dr Hershkovitz and his colleagues have been examining fossils of _____14_____ antiquity—120,000-l40,000 years-- collected from Nesher Ramla, a site in Israel. These, they found, have sapiens-like jaw bones, Neanderthal-like molars and crania similar to those of Homo erectus. This suggests to them that they are the _____15_____ of miscegenation between all three.
1．A．faint B．potential C．routine D．fake
2．A．soil B．air C．water D．light
3．A．secret B．novel C．relative D．reverse
4．A．headed B．handled C．held D．handed
5．A．originally B．independently C．unexpectedly D．inevitably
6．A．laziness B．selfishness C．effectiveness D．roundness
7．A．directors B．supporters C．investors D．reminders
8．A．took B．left C．crossed D．toured
9．A．comparing B．applying C．referring D．persisting
10．A．excluded B．included C．mentioned D．concluded
11．A．equipped B．identified C．perfected D．launched
12．A．structure B．range C．lead D．fill
13．A．by contrast B．as a result C．in reality D．in addition
14．A．opposite B．crucial C．relevant D．compulsory
15．A．product B．property C．procedure D．protein
An internet troll is someone who posts insulting comments in an online chat room, social-networking site or blog. Their aim is not to contribute to the discussion, but to ___16___ people or     make them angry.
Sometimes the comments are fairly ___17___. For example, a troll might visit a website that is     dedicated to fighting global warming and post a comment like ‘Global warming is a myth made up by second-rate scientists who just want to further their own careers.’ Some visitors to the website might think that the opinion is genuine and start ___18___. This is exactly what the troll wants: to start a fight.
However, many trolls are far more dangerous and post comments that are deeply hurtful. In 2011, 45-year-old Nicola Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook. The contestant had received hate mail on Facebook and, feeling ___19___ for the young man, Ms Brookes left a message on his Facebook page, saying simply: ‘Keep your chin up, Frankie, they’ll move on to someone else soon.’ They did move on to someone else—Ms Brookes—within minutes. More than 100 cruel messages were left in just 24 hours, and a(n) ___20___ Facebook page was set up in her name.
Racist trolling probably has the highest profile cases. When Premier League footballer Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the field during a match in 2012, racist messages appeared on Twitter taking pleasure in his ___21___ and laughing at him. ___22___, Muamba made a complete recovery. The effects of such attacks can be terrible, especially for people who are being targeted precisely because they admitted to a vulnerability (易受伤) in the first place.
So ___23___ do trolls post messages that cause such distress? Some of them are sad, lonely people with their own problems who ___24___ the attention their posts attract. They behave badly online because they feel ___25___ normal standards of polite and considerate behaviour. They are in a virtual world and     do not have to face their victims. They say things that they would never dare to say ___26___. Finally, trolls believe that they can remain unknown and that no one will ever ___27___ who they are.
That is about to ___28___. however. When Nicola Brookes first approached the police and made a complaint, they told her there was nothing they could do. So she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose the identities of the trolls who had been tormenting (折磨) her. She ___29___ the case and is free to pursue private prosecutions ( 起 诉 ) against those responsible for tormenting her. With trolls facing ___30___ and possible prosecution in future, hopefully they will think twice before posting insulting messages.
16．A．entertain B．locate C．upset D．welcome
17．A．informative B．convincing C．harmless D．unfair
18．A．laughing B．arguing C．proving D．applauding
19．A．anxiety B．sympathy C．dissatisfaction D．hope
20．A．appealing B．complex C．famous D．fake
21．A．misfortune B．distress C．feeling D．violence
22．A．Occasionally B．Strangely C．Generally D．Thankfully
23．A．why B．how C．when D．where
24．A．fear B．enjoy C．hold D．give
25．A．liberated from B．curious about C．satisfied with D．dependent on
26．A．for sure B．on stage C．in person D．with confidence
27．A．wonder B．discover C．say D．remember
28．A．return B．happen C．collapse D．change
29．A．lost B．filed C．won D．forgot
30．A．competition B．wealth C．embarrassment D．exposure
With a hybrid（混合的）approach to work, the importance of being physically present in a centralized office is greatly reduced, allowing for far more flexible work schedules among employees. In most cases, this means some employees working on-site in the office, some employees working off-site—either from _____31_____ or remotely from another location—and some employees who have the flexibility to switch between the office and working remotely, _____32_____tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.
When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach, the entire concept of location is _____33_____. By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools, employees do not need to be _____34_____ present in the workplace in order to do their job—although they can be if they prefer to be, or for situations where _____35_____ communication is better suited.
This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers. _____36_____, on days when bad weather might prevent people from getting into the office, they are still able to work from home. Similarly, if major events make it necessary to _____37_____ the workplace—as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic—there will be _____38_____ disturbance to operations.
Moreover, the removal of geographical barriers can be extremely advantageous in terms of _____39_____, allowing employers to gain access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce. With ______40______ work arrangements now among the top benefits sought after by job seekers, companies employing the hybrid model are better positioned to ______41______ top candidates.
Another major benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more ______42______. This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda. ______43______, 64 percent of young people say they would not take a job with a company that did not have a promise of social responsibility.
The most significant environmental impact made by the hybrid work model is the largely reduced amount of ______44______ among employees. The effects of this are especially significant when there's a long distance between home and work, which requires employees to use their own cars. Fewer people coming into the office is also likely to reduce the carbon footprint associated with the office itself. All of this can combine to help improve a company's green certificate and aid in positioning the organization as a ______45______ company in the eyes of job seekers and customers.
31．A．office B．enterprise C．home D．department
32．A．succeeding in B．depending on C．taking on D．setting aside
33．A．developed B．removed C．defined D．grasped
34．A．physically B．visually C．instantly D．properly
35．A．business B．regular C．effective D．face-to-face
36．A．In brief B．Above all C．For instance D．In particular
37．A．avoid B．clean C．attend D．reserve
38．A．considerable B．continuous C．unnecessary D．minimal
39．A．judgement B．enrollment C．procedure D．management
40．A．formal B．wise C．flexible D．complex
41．A．compete for B．put up C．vote for D．comb out
42．A．fast-growing B．profitable C．competitive D．sustainable
43．A．Psychologically B．Originally C．Eventually D．Additionally
44．A．work B．travel C．research D．cooperation
45．A．multi-national B．world-famous C．forward-thinking D．peace-loving
Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray.
A study by Arizona State University found that ____46____a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures. Meanwhile, sunrise temperatures ____47____an average 2.4-degree drop.
“This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “It’s exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are____48____rising.”
Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That____49____energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a____50____of urban heat island effect.
Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature____51____was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground. Even so, the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with____52____roads.
But reflective pavements don’t affect all surfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body____53____heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat____54____at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” It’s been noted that the increase in_____55_____ temperatures “may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface.”
Heather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been _____56_____from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but generally the response has been very_____57_____”.
Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect.
“If you’re standing over these surfaces on a hot day,_____58_____, you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “So if we really want to _____59_____true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”
A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different_____60_____, including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.
46．A．applying B．sticking C．approaching D．contributing
47．A．occurred B．proved C．turned D．saw
48．A．efficiently B．constantly C．technically D．specifically
49．A．generated B．heated C．absorbed D．calculated
50．A．cycle B．decline C．sample D．variety
51．A．balance B．control C．difference D．equality
52．A．gray-painted B．light-colored C．black-topped D．dry-surfaced
53．A．reflects B．transmits C．resists D．experiences
54．A．extent B．exposure C．absorption D．endurance
55．A．felt B．heated C．stored D．needed
56．A．instant B．all-sided C．objective D．mixed
57．A．optimistic B．positive C．pessimistic D．obvious
58．A．in fact B．as a result C．on the other hand D．for one thing
59．A．put down B．hold up C．push toward D．take back
60．A．variations B．conditions C．circulations D．investigations
We all know the dangers of a diet that’s high in fat. But a new study from researchers at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) in Japan has now found having a fat-heavy diet can also ___61___ hair loss.
In the average healthy adult, the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) (毛囊干细胞) ___62___ themselves regularly, which is why your hair grows back when you cut it and also why it becomes longer. As with most things in the human body, though, aging doesn’t do the HSFCs any ___63___. As you get older, the stem cells lose their ability to reproduce as ___64___ as they once did, leaving the hair to thin and/or fall out.
In the study carried out by TMDU’s department of stem cell biology, mice that had been given a high-fat diet (HFD) were more subject to inflammatory (炎症的) responses in the body which, ___65___, blocked follicle regeneration, leading to hair loss. What was surprising was that the ___66___ in the hair follicles could happen in as little as four days spent on a high-fat diet and that the problem seemed to be worse in older mice.
“High-fat diet feeding makes hair ___67___ faster by reducing HFSCs, especially in old mice,” explains Hironobu Morinaga, the study’s lead author. “We compared the gene expression in HFSCs between HFD-fed mice and standard diet-fed mice and ___68___ the fate of those HFSCs after their activation.”
It’s not just the ___69___ content of your food that can damage your hair as what you consume can really affect how your hair grows and even whether men will keep it, as Dr Alia Ahmed, who specializes in the study of skin, explains. ___70___ shortages are often the root cause of many hair problems, adds Dr Ahmed. “Iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc. — there are so many nutrients involved in hair ___71___,” she says. “It’s not just genetics.”
If you’ve got a sweet tooth, for example, you may need to think about ___72___ the sweet food. Not only is sugar bad for your hair, but it can cause your blood sugar levels to rise dramatically, which, in men, can raise the levels of the hormone androgen (雄性激素), leading to follicle ___73___ and potential hair loss.
But don’t make the ___74___ of substituting sugar for artificial sweeteners. Take diet drinks that replace processed sugar with artificial sweeteners like aspartame, for instance. In their analysis of aspartame, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed hair thinning and hair loss as one of the main side effects of ___75___ of aspartame.
61．A．fit in with B．make up for C．cope with D．speed up
62．A．cure B．renew C．identify D．protect
63．A．harm B．favours C．justice D．corrections
64．A．efficiently B．constructively C．generously D．fundamentally
65．A．in turn B．by contrast C．for instance D．as usual
66．A．participating B．persevering C．worsening D．documenting
67．A．dying B．growing C．cleaning D．thinning
68．A．altered B．traced C．suspected D．stimulated
69．A．protein B．vitamin C．sugar D．fat
70．A．Sleep B．Water C．Nutritional D．Widespread
71．A．products B．samples C．disorders D．cells
72．A．putting down B．messing up C．figuring out D．turning over
73．A．recreation B．damage C．replacement D．disappearance
74．A．use B．prospect C．difference D．mistake
75．A．disrespect B．undervaluation C．overconsumption D．misunderstanding
In an age when your refrigerator can help you manage your shopping list and your phone can answer almost any question, you don’t really need to remember anything anymore. Which makes the feats（丰功伟绩）of memory champions-who can recall hundreds of names and faces, random strings of numbers or words, or the order of multiple decks of cards-seem more___76___than ever.
But here’s a little___77___about folks with phenomenal recall: In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super___78___don’t have unusually large cerebral（大脑的）regions that allow them to absorb and save huge amounts of information. Their brain structures are___79___the same as the rest of ours. Comparing brain scans of 23 memory champions with those of 23 regular folks of the same age, gender, and IQ, the scientists found only one___80___: In the memory champs’ brains, the regions associated with___81___and spatial learning and the regions associated with memory lit up in a specific pattern. In the regular people’s brains, these regions were activated differently.
Why is that___82___? Because we learn by seeing, and the more we see, the better we remember things. These memory champions have perfected a method to turn items they want to remember (numbers, faces, cards, even abstract shapes) into___83___they “see” in their minds. It’s a process called building a memory palace.
Here’s how it works: First, you transform your target items into an image -- anything you’ll remember.___84___, to remember card sequences, Ed Cooke (recognized as a Grandmaster of Memory by the World Memory Sports Council) told author Tim Ferriss that he assigns each card a celebrity, an action, and an object; each three-card combination then forms a unique image with the celebrity from the first card, the action from the second, and the object from the third. So “Jack of spades, six of spades, ace of diamonds” becomes the Taylor Swift wearing Lady Gaga’s meat dress and holding Michael Jordan’s basketball. (Yes, that sounds weird, but Cooke’s system is built on the idea that your memory hangs on to____85____hints better than common ones.)
Then, mentally place that picture somewhere____86____to you: in your house or at some point along your commute（上下班）, for example. Finally, make up a story about the items, which will help you connect them in the correct____87____.
Sound like a lot of work? Indeed, it is. It’s no____88____that many of the competitors on the World Memory Championship call themselves mental athletes. Just like athletes, they____89____to perfect their skills. That said, the Neuron study also reports that researchers taught a group of university students the memory-palace technique through daily half-hour lessons. After just six weeks, the students’____90____scans looked more like those of the memory champions.
76．A．superhuman B．difficult C．incredible D．meaningless
77．A．worry B．rumour C．panic D．secret
78．A．researchers B．memorizers C．heroes D．geniuses
79．A．impersonally B．effortlessly C．feasibly D．essentially
80．A．difference B．mystery C．condition D．direction
81．A．distance B．action C．visual D．audio
82．A．definite B．possible C．important D．demanding
83．A．events B．pictures C．films D．samples
84．A．In addition B．For instance C．By all means D．On the whole
85．A．unusual B．similar C．related D．unclear
86．A．opposite B．devoted C．close D．familiar
87．A．position B．image C．order D．frame
88．A．accident B．good C．ambition D．defence
89．A．wish B．train C．arrange D．forget
90．A．hand B．body C．eye D．brain

参考答案：
1．B
2．D
3．B
4．C
5．A
6．D
7．B
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．A
13．D
14．C
15．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述两项新的研究为人类进化这个谜团增加了更深入的信息。
1．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究报道了一个可能的人属额外成员。A. faint虚弱无力的；B. potential可能的；C. routine日常的；D. fake假的。根据上文“Two new studies add further pieces to the jigsaw puzzle that is human evolution.”可知，这两项研究对人类进化有了进一步的了解，所以应该是发现了可能的人属成员。故选B。
2．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个则阐明了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性。A. soil土壤；B. air空气；C. water水；D. light光。根据下文“possible interbreeding between three human species in the Middle East”可知，这一项研究是发现了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性。cast light on表示“照亮，阐明，揭露”的意思。故选D。
3．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人属隆吉——通过拉丁语，从汉语进入英语的“龙人”——不是一个新奇的发现，而是一个对已经存在的重新解读。A. secret秘密的；B. novel新奇的；C. relative有关的；D. reverse倒转的。根据下文“an existing one”可知，这是已经存在的，不是新奇的。故选B。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来，并保存在石家庄的河北地质大学。A. headed朝……去；B. handled解决；C. held握住，拥有；D. handed递送。根据上文“The cranium（头盖） in question was dug up in Harbin in1933”可知，这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来之后，接下来要被保存下来。故选C。
5．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：它14万6千岁了，并且最初被认为是古代智人的标志。A. originally最初；B. independently独立地；C. unexpectedly意料之外地；D. inevitably不可避免地。根据下文“But Ni Xijun and Ji Qiang, who work at the university, disagree. As they report in the Innovation, the cranium would indeed have contained a brain similar in size to a modern human’s, but the fossil is too large to be sapiens and has molars and eye sockets which dwarf those of people today”可知，后来有人对它质疑，所以只是在最初的时候被人们认为是智人的标志。故选A。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它缺少现代人类头盖骨的圆润。A. laziness懒惰；B. selfishness自私；C. effectiveness有效；D. roundness圆润。根据上文“Dr Ni and Dr Ji also realised that it is too long and low to be sapiens.”可知，倪博士和纪博士说它太长太低，所以是不圆润。故选D。
7．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对近代非洲起源理论的支持者们来说是个好消息，这条理论认为，当今活着的大部分非非洲人类都是少量移民的后裔，那些移民是大约6万年前从非洲好望角进入亚洲的，这意味着在此之前的任何非非洲人类化石，很可能是另一个更早的离开了非洲的非智人的物种后裔。A. directors董事；B. supporters支持者；C. investors投资者；D. reminders提醒。根据下文“which holds that most non-African human beings alive today are descendants of a small number of migrants who　　8　　to Asia from the Horn of Africa about60, 000 years ago,”可知，这些人是近代非洲起源理论的支持者们。故选B。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A. took带走；B. left离开；C. crossed横跨；D. toured旅行。根据下文“to Asia from the Horn of Africa”可知，这些人从非洲好望角到亚洲，是横跨非亚大陆。故选C。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过把它和已知的古人类，包括直立人、佛罗勒斯人、海德堡人和尼安德特人等相比，倪博士和纪博士总结出，它不是他们中的任何一种，并且因此，一定是新的科学，所以值得它自己的名字。A. comparing比较；B. applying申请；C. referring提到；D. persisting坚持。根据下文“it with known archaic humans, including Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis”可知，是把这个头骨和已知的古人类相比较。故选A。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A. excluded排除；B. included包括；C. mentioned提到；D. concluded总结。根据下文“that it was none of them, and must therefore be new to science and so worthy of its own name.”可知，这是倪博士和纪博士在做了对比之后得出的结论。故选D。
11．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，还有令一种可能性— —因为有一种现已灭绝的人类的头盖骨还没有被识别出来。A. equipped装备；B. identified识别；C. perfected使完美；D. launched发射。根据上文“for there is a now-extinct type of human of which no cranium has yet been”可知，这种人类现在已经灭绝，所以他们的头盖骨仍然没有被识别出来。故选B。
12．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于哈尔滨化石中的一颗臼齿与俄罗斯丹尼索瓦洞穴中一颗臼齿的大小和根部结构完全吻合，丹尼索瓦人就是以丹尼索瓦洞的名字命名的，也许正是这才使得倪博士和纪博士确定了第一个丹尼索瓦人头盖骨。A. structure结构；B. range区域；C. lead领导；D. fill装满。根据上文“perfectly matches the size”可知，这里是指它们的尺寸和根部结构。故选A。
13．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：即使是最近非洲起源理论的支持者也承认，此外，还有更早的智人从东北非“渗透”到黎凡特地区。A. by contrast作为对比；B. as a result因此；C. in reality实际上；D. in addition此外。根据这句话的上下文意思可知，下文“an earlier “ leakage” of Homo sapiens from north-east Africa into the Levant.”是上文所提内容之外的另一条理论说法。故选D。
14．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hershkovitz博士和他的同事们一直在研究相关的古人化石，那是从以色列的纳舍拉姆拉采集的12万至14万年前的古代化石。A. opposite相反的；B. crucial关键的；C. relevant相关的；D. compulsory强制的，必修的。根据下文“antiquity—120,000-l40,000 years”可知，他们在研究的是12万至14万年前的有关系的化石。故选C。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这向他们表明它们是所有这三种人混合的产物。A. product产品；B. property财产；C. procedure过程；D. protein蛋白质。根据下文“of miscegenation between all three”可知，他们发现的是所有这三种人混合的产物。故选A。
16．C
17．C
18．B
19．B
20．D
21．A
22．D
23．A
24．B
25．A
26．C
27．B
28．D
29．C
30．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“网络喷子”是指在网上聊天室、社交网站或博客上发表侮辱性言论的人。一些喷子的评论是无害的，而另一些发表的评论伤害极大。文章就Nicola Brookes的事件为例展开说明，说明了网络喷子的出现的原因，以及网络喷子不为自己言行负责的情况即将发生改变。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的目的不是参与讨论，而是让人们心烦或生气。A. entertain娱乐；B. locate位于；C. upset使心烦；D. welcome欢迎。结合下文or make them angry可知是让人们心烦或生气。故选C。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时这些评论是相当无害的。A. informative通知的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. harmless无害的；D. unfair不公平的。结合下文However, many trolls are far more dangerous and post comments that are deeply hurtful. 许多网络喷子要危险得多，他们发表的评论伤害极大。可知此处指这类评论是并无害的。故选C。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些访问该网站的人可能认为这个观点是真实的，并开始争论。A. laughing大笑；B. arguing争论；C. proving证明；D. applauding赞同。结合上文可知喷子说全球变暖是二流科学家虚构的，有些人认为这个观点是真实的，因此就会发生争论。故选B。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. anxiety焦虑；B. sympathy同情；C. dissatisfaction不满意；D. hope希望。结合上文In 2011, 45-year-old Nicola Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook.可知布鲁克斯对这名年轻男子表示支持和同情。故选B。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仅在24小时内就有100多条残酷的信息被发送出去，Facebook上还以她的名字建立了一个虚假的页面。A. appealing吸引人的；B. complex复杂的；C. famous出名的；D. fake假的。结合上文Ms Brookes left a message on his Facebook page, saying simply: ‘Keep your chin up, Frankie, they’ll move on to someone else soon.’They did move on to someone else—Ms Brookes—within minutes.可知舆论被转到了Brookes女士那里，别人以她的名字建立了一个虚假页面。故选D。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2012年，英超足球运动员法布里斯·穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒地，当时推特上出现了以他的不幸为乐并嘲笑他的种族主义信息。A. misfortune不幸；B. distress危难；C. feeling感觉；D. violence暴力。结合上文Premier League footballer Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the field during a match in 2012可知法布里斯·穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒地，别人以他的不幸为乐。故选A。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，Muamba完全康复了。A. Occasionally偶尔；B. Strangely奇怪地；C. Generally通常；D. Thankfully感谢地。结合后文Muamba made a complete recovery可知Muamba完全康复了，真是谢天谢地。故选D。
23．考查连词辨析。句意：那么，为什么这些喷子发布的信息会造成如此大的痛苦呢?结合下文They behave badly online because they feel 可知此处为说明原因，引导原因状语从句，故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们中的一些人是悲伤的，有自己的问题的孤独的人，他们享受他们的帖子所吸引的注意力。A. fear害怕；B. enjoy享受；C. hold握住；D. give给予。结合上文Some of them are sad, lonely people with their own problems可知这些喷子中一些人是悲伤的，有自己的问题的孤独的人，他们借助发帖来享受他人的注意力。故选B。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在网上表现很差，因为他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正常行为中解放出来了。A. liberated from解放；B. curious about好奇；C. satisfied with满足；D. dependent on依靠。结合下文They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims.可知因为他们在一个虚拟世界里，不必面对他们的受害者，他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正常行为中解放出来了。故选A。
26．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们会说一些他们不敢当面说的话。A. for sure确实；B. on stage在台上；C. in person当面；D. with confidence自信地。结合上文They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims.可知他们身处虚拟世界，不必面对受害者。因此他们能说一些不敢当面说的话。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻，没有人会发现他们是谁。A. wonder好奇；B. discover发现；C. say说；D. remember记住。结合上文trolls believe that they can remain unknown and that no one will ever可知喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻，因此没有人会发现他们是谁。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种情况即将改变。A. return返回；B. happen发生；C. collapse倒塌；D. change改变。结合后文So she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose the identities of the trolls who had been tormenting her.可知Nicola Brookes采取了反击，因此喷子们在网络上不为自己言行负责的情况即将改变。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她打赢了官司，可以自由地对那些折磨她的人提起私人诉讼。A. lost失去；B. filed申请；C. won赢得；D. forgot忘记。结合后文is free to pursue private prosecutions against those responsible for tormenting her可知她打赢了官司。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着网络喷子面临曝光和未来可能的起诉，希望他们在发布侮辱性信息前三思。A. competition       竞争；B. wealth财富；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. exposure曝光。结合上文Nicola Brookes打赢了官司，将那些攻击她的人曝光，因此将来网络喷子也将面临着曝光和被起诉的可能。故选D。
31．C
32．B
33．B
34．A
35．D
36．C
37．A
38．D
39．B
40．C
41．A
42．D
43．D
44．B
45．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公司采用混合工作方式的好处。
31．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，这意味着一些员工在办公室工作，一些员工在工作场所之外工作——要么在家，要么从另一个地方远程工作——还有一些员工可以根据任务、截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换。A. office办公室；B. enterprise企业；C. home家；D. department部门。根据“some employees working off-site”和“or remotely from another location”可知，在工作场所之外工作包括在家工作或从另一个地方远程工作。故选C。
32．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，这意味着一些员工在办公室工作，一些员工在工作场所之外工作——要么在家，要么从另一个地方远程工作——还有一些员工可以根据任务、截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换。A. succeeding in成功；B. depending on依靠；取决于；C. taking on承担；D. setting aside留出。根据“tasks, deadlines, and personal needs.”可知，是在办公室办公还是远程办公取决于任务、截止日期和个人需求。故选B。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当企业采用严重依赖远程优先方法的混合工作模式时，位置的整个概念就被移除了。A. developed发展；B. removed消除；C. defined定义；D. grasped抓住。根据“When businesses adopt hybrid work models, which rely heavily on a remote-first approach,”可知，企业采取混合工作模式时，位置的概念会被移除。故选B。
34．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过使用云解决方案、视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场所，员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作——尽管如果他们愿意的话，他们可以出现在工作场所，或者在面对面交流更适合的场合。A. physically身体上地；B. visually视觉上地；C. instantly立即地；D. properly适当地。根据“By connecting to the workplace using cloud solutions, video conferencing technology, and similar tools,”可知，员工不需要亲自到工作场所就可以完成他们的工作。故选A。
35．
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：通过使用云解决方案、视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场所，员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作——尽管如果他们愿意的话，他们可以出现在工作场所，或者在面对面交流更适合的场合。A. business商业；B. regular定期的；C. effective有效的；D. face-to-face面对面的。根据“although they can be if they prefer to be,”可知，员工们根据需要，也可以面对面地交流。故选D。
36．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，当坏天气可能使人们无法进入办公室时，他们仍然可以在家工作。A. In brief简言之；B. Above all首先；C. For instance例如；D. In particular特别。根据“This can offer a number of benefits for both employees and employers.”可知，这里举例介绍混合的工作方式的好处。故选C。
37．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所——就像COVID-19大流行那样——对工作场所的干扰也将最小。A. avoid避免；B. clean打扫；C. attend参加；D. reserve保留。根据“as was the case with the COVID-19 pandemic”可知，像COVID-19大流行需要员工避开聚集的工作场所。故选A。
38．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所——就像COVID-19大流行那样——对工作场所的干扰也将最小。A. considerable重要的；B. continuous连续不断的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. minimal最小的。根据“if major events make it necessary to 　　7　　 the workplace”可知，避开工作场所可以将对工作场所的干扰降到最小。故选D。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，消除地域障碍在招生方面具有极大的优势，使雇主能够接触到更广泛的人才库，更容易找到合格的候选人，并建立更加多样化和包容性的劳动力队伍。A. judgement判断；B. enrollment登记；招收；C. procedure程序；D. management管理。根据“allowing employers to gain access to a wider talent pool, making it easier to find qualified candidates and build a more diverse and inclusive workforce.”可知，企业采取混合工作模式会消除地域障碍，从而可以招收到更优秀的人才。故选B。
40．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一，采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位。A. formal正式的；B. wise明智的；C. flexible灵活的；D. complex复杂的。根据“Another major benefit associated with flexible work schedules and the hybrid work model is the ability to make a business more 　　12　　.”可知，求职者更喜欢灵活的工作安排。故选C。
41．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一，采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位。A. compete for为……争夺；B. put up建造；C. vote for投票赞成；D. comb out移出；清除。根据“With 　　10　　 work arrangements now among the top benefits sought after by job seekers,”可知，灵活的工作安排让采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时更有优势。故选A。
42．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个与弹性工作时间和混合工作模式相关的主要好处是能够使业务更可持续。 A. fast-growing迅速增涨；B. profitable有益的；C. competitive竞争的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据“This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda.”可知，员工希望通过弹性工作时间和混合工作模式使得业务更可持续性。故选D。
43．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，64%的年轻人表示，他们不会接受没有社会责任承诺的公司的工作。A. Psychologically精神上地；B. Originally起初；C. Eventually最终；D. Additionally另外。根据“This is important because research suggests that employees are more likely to take a job and stay in a job with companies that have a strong environmental agenda.”可知，这里表示更进一步。年轻人不喜欢没有社会责任承诺的公司。故选D。
44．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：混合工作模式对环境造成的最重要的影响是员工之间的出差量大大减少。A. work工作；B. travel旅行；C. research研究；D. cooperation合作。根据“The effects of this are especially significant when there's a long distance between home and work, which requires employees to use their own cars. Fewer people coming into the office is also likely to reduce the carbon footprint associated with the office itself.”可知，混合工作模式减少了员工的来回奔波。故选B。
45．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都可以帮助提高公司的绿色证书，并有助于在求职者和客户眼中把公司定位为一个有远见的公司。 A. multi-national多国的；B. world-famous世界闻名的；C. forward-thinking前瞻性的；有远见的；D. peace-loving爱好和平的。根据“All of this can combine to help improve a company's green certificate”可知，公司的绿色证书会有助于求职者和客户眼中把公司定位为一个有远见的公司。故选C。
46．A
47．D
48．B
49．C
50．A
51．C
52．C
53．D
54．B
55．A
56．D
57．B
58．A
59．C
60．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，一个简单的方法可以缓解因道路被晒伤而加剧的城市热岛效应——把街道涂成灰色。
46．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现，在黑色沥青上涂上一种反光的灰色材料，会导致平均路面温度下降10.5到12华氏度。   A. applying涂，应用，申请；B. sticking刺入，粘住；C. approaching接近；D. contributing捐献。固定搭配：apply…to“把……涂到……上”。故选A。
47．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，日出时的温度平均下降了2.4度。A. occurred发生；B. proved证明；C. turned使变成；D. saw目睹，看见。此处指“目睹”了温度的下降。故选D。
48．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个气温不断上升的世界里，看到一项有潜力满足日益增长的沙漠城市的需求的技术是令人兴奋的。A. efficiently高效地；B. constantly持续不断地；C. technically 技术上；D. specifically专门地。根据下文“Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day.”可知，此处指温度“持续不断地”上升。故选B。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：被吸收的能量会在铺好的地面上停留数小时，将热量辐射回夜间的空气中。A. generated产生，引发；B. heated加热；C. absorbed吸收；D. calculated计算，估计。根据下文“remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air”，可知此处指“被吸收的”能量。故选C。
50．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜间较高的温度会导致早晨更温暖，从而形成城市热岛效应的循环。A. cycle循环；B. decline减少，衰退；C. sample样品；D. variety种类。根据上文“Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings”，可知，形成城市热岛效应的“循环”。故选A。
51．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还发现，最大的温差发生在靠近路面的地方，距离地面6英尺的地方温差较小。A. balance平衡；B. control控制；C. difference区分，不同；D. equality平等。根据下文“near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground.”可知，此处指最大“温差”。故选C。
52．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，那些街道反光的社区的空气温度要比那些街道是黑漆漆的社区低0.3至0.5度。A. gray-painted灰漆；B. light-colored 颜色浅的；C.   black-topped漆黑的；D. dry-surfaced表面干的。根据空前“the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods”，可知此处是与黑漆漆社区温度的比较，也就是指黑色吸热。故选C。
53．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，“最有意义的测量”是辐射温度，这是一种测量人体如何感受到热量的方法。A. reflects反射；B. transmits播送；C. resists抵制；D. experiences体验。根据下文“human experience of heat”，可知，此处指人体感受热量的方法。故选D。
54．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些测量结果表明，“由于地表反射率，人类在中午和下午几个小时暴露在高温下的体验更高。”A. extent 程度，范围；B. exposure暴露，接触；C. absorption吸收，吸纳；D. endurance持久力。根据下文“at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity”，可知，此处指“暴露”在高温下的体验。故选B。
55．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人指出，感觉温度的增加“可能是使用反射表面来降低表面温度的一种必要的权衡。A. felt感觉；B. heated 加热；C. stored储存；D.   needed需要。根据下文“may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface”可知，此处指对温度增加的“感觉”。故选A。
56．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交通部发言人希瑟·墨菲(Heather Murphy)说，使用这种材料的社区的司机和居民对此反应不一。A. instant立刻的；B. all-sided全面的；C. objective客观的；D. mixed复杂的，混合的。根据下文“from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied”，可知，此处指司机和居民对此反应“不一”。故选D。
57．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有一些人不喜欢它的外观，但总的来说反应是非常积极的。A. optimistic乐观的；B. positive积极的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. obvious明显的。根据上文的“We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but…”，可知，句中的but表示转折，说明反应是“积极的”。故选B。
58．
考查短语辨析。句意：如果你在炎热的天气站在这些表面上，事实上，如果你不在阴凉处，你仍然会觉得热。A. in fact事实上；B. as a result结果；C. on the other hand另一方面；D. for one thing首先，一方面。根据空后“you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,”可知，此处指的是“事实”。故选A。
59．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以如果我们真的想要推动真正的解决方案，它不会只是把所有的街道涂成灰色。A. put down放下，记下；B. hold up 举起，阻挡；C. push toward推进；D. take back收回。根据下文“true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”可知，此处指“推进”解决方案。故选C。
60．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究的第二阶段将考察材料在不同条件下的性能，包括反射率、降解和地下温度在较长时间内的变化。A. variations变奏曲；B. conditions条件，状况；C. circulations流通，循环；D. investigations调查。根据下文“including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.”可知，此处指在不同的“条件下”。故选B。
61．D
62．B
63．B
64．A
65．A
66．C
67．D
68．B
69．D
70．C
71．C
72．A
73．B
74．D
75．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高脂肪饮食会加速脱发，并解释了原因。
61．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是日本东京医学和牙科大学（TMDU）研究人员的一项新研究发现，高脂肪饮食也会加速脱发。A. fit in with配合；B. make up for弥补；C. cope with应付；D. speed up加速。根据后文“High-fat diet feeding makes hair ___7___ faster by reducing HFSCs”可知，高脂肪饮食会减少毛囊干细胞，加速脱发。故选D项。
62．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在普通健康成年人中，毛囊干细胞（HFSCs）定期更新自己，这就是为什么你剪头发时头发又长了回来，也就是为什么头发变长了。A. cure治愈；B. renew更新；C. identify识别；D. protect保护。根据后文“which is why your hair grows back when you cut it and also why it becomes longer”可知，普通的健康成年人的头发剪掉了会再长，即毛囊干细胞会定期更新。故选B项。
63．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，与人体内的大多数事物一样，衰老对HSFC没有任何帮助。A. harm伤害；B. favours支持，特别照顾；C. justice正义；D. corrections纠正。根据后文“As you get older, the stem cells lose their ability to reproduce as ___4___ as they once did, leaving the hair to thin and/or fall out.”可知，衰老对于干细胞没有帮助，do sb. favours表示“帮助某人”。故选B项。
64．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，干细胞失去了像以前一样高效繁殖的能力，导致头发变薄和（或者）脱落。A. efficiently有效地；B. constructively建设性地；C. generously慷慨地；D. fundamentally根本地。根据后文“leaving the hair to thin and/or fall out.”可知，随着年龄的增长，头发变薄和（或者）脱落，毛囊干细胞失去了曾经有效繁殖的能力。故选A项。
65．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在TMDU干细胞生物学系进行的研究中，被给予高脂肪饮食（HFD）的小鼠更容易产生身体炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发。A. in turn继而；B. by contrast相比之下；C. for instance例如；D. as usual像往常一样。根据上文“mice that had been given a high-fat diet (HFD) were more subject to inflammatory (炎症的) responses in the body”可知，被给予高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发。故选A项。
66．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，在高脂肪饮食的短短四天内，毛囊的恶化可能会发生，而老年老鼠的问题似乎更严重。A. participating参与；B. persevering坚持；C. worsening恶化；D. documenting记录。根据上文“mice that had been given a high-fat diet (HFD) were more subject to inflammatory (炎症的) responses in the body which, ___5___, blocked follicle regeneration, leading to hair loss.”可知，小鼠产生炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发，此处表示这种恶化可能会在短短的四天内发生。故选C项。
67．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究的主要作者Hironobu Morinaga解释说：“高脂肪饮食喂养通过减少毛囊干细胞，尤其是在老年鼠中，使头发变薄的速度加快。”。A. dying死亡；B. growing成长；C. cleaning清洁；D. thinning使稀薄。根据上文“blocked follicle regeneration, leading to hair loss”可知，高脂肪饮食会使小鼠的毛发变少，更快变得稀薄。故选D项。
68．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们比较了HFD喂养的小鼠和标准饮食喂养的小鼠之间毛囊干细胞的基因表达，并追踪了这些毛囊干细胞被激活后的命运。A. altered改变；B. traced追踪；C. suspected怀疑；D. stimulated刺激。根据语境，此处表示的是研究人员们对于不同喂养方式下老鼠的毛囊干细胞基因进行比较，并且追踪。故选B项。
69．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如专门研究皮肤的Alia Ahmed博士所解释的，不仅仅是食物中的脂肪含量会损害你的头发，因为你吃的东西会真正影响你头发的生长，甚至影响男人是否会保有头发A. protein蛋白质；B. vitamin维生素；C. sugar糖；D. fat脂肪。根据上文“having a fat-heavy diet can also ___1___ hair loss”可知，高脂肪饮食会导致头发减少，此处表示除了食物中脂肪含量会损害头发之外，还有其他因素也会有影响。故选D项。
70．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ahmed博士补充说，营养短缺往往是许多头发问题的根本原因。A. Sleep睡眠；B. Water水；C. Nutritional营养的；D. Widespread广泛分布的。根据后文“Iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc. — there are so many nutrients involved in hair ___11___”可知，营养短缺会导致头发疾病，所以营养短缺往往是许多头发问题的根本原因。故选C项。
71．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“铁、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E等——头发疾病涉及到太多营养素。”A. products产品；B. samples样品；C. disorders疾病；D. cells细胞。根据上文“___10___ shortages are often the root cause of many hair problems”可知，营养短缺是许多头发问题的根本原因，即头发疾病涉及到太多营养素。故选C项。
72．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你喜欢吃甜食，你可能需要考虑放下那些甜食。A. putting down放下；B. messing up搞乱；C. figuring out弄清楚；D. turning over翻身。根据后文“Not only is sugar bad for your hair, but it can cause your blood sugar levels to rise dramatically”可知，甜食对你的头发和血糖有坏处，所以你可能需要考虑放下甜食。故选A项。
73．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：糖不仅对你的头发有害，而且会导致血糖水平升高，而男性的血糖升高会导致雄激素水平升高，导致毛囊损伤和潜在的脱发。A. recreation娱乐；B. damage损坏；C. replacement更换；D. disappearance失踪。根据上文“mice that had been given a high-fat diet (HFD) were more subject to inflammatory (炎症的) responses in the body which, ___5___, blocked follicle regeneration, leading to hair loss”可知，高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症，阻止毛囊再生，推测，男性多吃糖会导致血糖升高，雄激素水平升高，导致毛囊损伤。故选B项。
74．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的，不要这么做。A. use使用；B. prospect前景；C. difference差异；D. mistake错误。根据后文“the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed hair thinning and hair loss as one of the main side effects of ___15___ of aspartame.”可知，人工甜味剂过量摄入会导致副作用，用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的。故选D项。
75．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）在对阿斯巴甜的分析中，将头发稀疏和脱发列入阿斯巴甜摄入过量的主要副作用之一。A. disrespect不尊重；B. undervaluation低估；C. overconsumption过度消费；D. misunderstanding误解。根据上文“But don’t make the ___14___ of substituting sugar for artificial sweeteners.”可推测，人工甜味剂摄入过量会导致副作用，推测此处表示过量摄入。故选C项。
76．A
77．D
78．B
79．D
80．A
81．C
82．C
83．B
84．B
85．A
86．D
87．C
88．A
89．B
90．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。通过记忆冠军超强的记忆介绍了记忆术——卡片的记忆宫殿。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得记忆冠军们——他们能记住数百个名字和面孔，随机串的数字或单词，或多副扑克牌的顺序——看起来比以往任何时候都更像超人。A. superhuman超人的；B. difficult困难的；C. incredible难以置信的；D. meaningless毫无意义的。根据Which makes the feats of memory champions-who can recall hundreds of names and faces, random strings of numbers or words, or the order of multiple decks of cards可知，这时候记忆冠军们似乎比以往任何时候都更像超人。故选A项。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但关于记忆力非凡的人有一个小秘密。A. worry担忧；B. rumour谣言；C. panic慌张；D. secret秘密，秘诀。根据don’t have unusually large cerebral regions that allow them to absorb and save huge amounts of information可知是发现了这个小秘密。故选D项。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，超级记忆者并没有让他们吸收和保存大量信息的异常大的大脑区域。A. researchers研究人员；B. memorizers记忆者；C. heroes英雄；D. geniuses天才。根据下文that allow them to absorb and save huge amounts of information，这里的them指的是记忆者。故选B项。
79．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的大脑结构基本上和我们的一样。A. impersonally与个人无关地；B. effortlessly不费力地；C. feasibly可行地；D. essentially本质上，本来。根据the same as the rest of ours可知此处指大脑构造本质上和我们是一样。故选D项。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们发现只有一个区别。A. difference区别；B. mystery谜底；C. condition条件；D. direction方向。根据上文the same as和本句found only one可知，是指只发现一个不同点。故选A项。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在冠军的大脑，与视觉和空间学习相关的区域与记忆有关的区域在一个特定的模式变快了。A. distance距离；B. action行动；C. visual视觉；D. audio音频。根据第7小题后的句子Because we learn by seeing，可知是通过看，通过视觉学习。故选C项。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么这很重要？A. definite确切的；B. possible可能的；C. important重要的；D. demanding要求高的，费力的。根据下一句and the more we see, the better we remember things.可知此处是指它的重要性。故选C项。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些记忆冠军们已经完善了一种方法，把他们想要记住的东西(数字、面孔、卡片，甚至抽象的形状)转换成他们脑海中“看到”的画面。A.events事件；B. pictures图片；C. films电影；D. samples样本。根据they “see” in their minds可知在脑海里看的是图片。故选B项。
84．考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，为了记住卡片的顺序，埃德·库克(世界记忆体育理事会公认的记忆大师)告诉作者蒂姆·费里斯，他给每张卡片分配一个名人、一个动作和一个物体。A. In addition此外；B. For instance例如，比如；C. By all means务必，无论如何；D. On the whole大体上，总之。根据下文例举了Ed Cooke的例子，可知这里是“例如”。故选B项。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，这听起来很奇怪，但库克的系统是建立在你的记忆力比普通的线索更能抓住不寻常线索的基础上的。A. unusual不同寻常的；B. similar相似的；C. related有关系的；D. unclear不清楚的。根据better than common ones可知这里用unusual。故选A项。
86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，在内心里你会把照片放在你熟悉的某个地方。A. opposite对立的；B. devoted献身的；C. close靠近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据in your house or at some point along your commute可知，某个地方应该是指你熟悉的地方。故选D项。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，编一个关于项目的故事，这将帮助你以正确的顺序连接它们。A. position位置；B. image图像；C. order顺序；D. frame框架。根据上文each three-card combination then forms a unique image with the celebrity from the first card, the action from the second, and the object from the third可知故事是有顺序排列的。故选C项。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多参加世界记忆锦标赛的选手称自己为智力运动员，这并非偶然。A. accident意外，事故；B. good好处；C. ambition野心；D. defence防御。根据Sound like a lot of work? Indeed, it is.可知，要有非凡的记忆确实有很多工作，所以参加世界记忆锦标赛的选手称自己为智力运动员就不是意外的。故选A项。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像运动员一样，他们通过训练来完善自己的技能。A. wish希望；B. train训练；C. arrange安排；D. forget忘记。根据下一句That said, the Neuron study also reports that researchers taught a group of university students the memory-palace technique through daily half-hour lessons.可知，他们也要训练。故选B项。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅仅六周后，学生们的大脑扫描结果就更像记忆冠军们的大脑扫描结果。A. hand手；B. body身体；C. eye眼睛；D. brain大脑。根据scans和those of the memory champions可知这里指的是大脑。故选D项。