上海高考英语短文填空专项训练（附解析）

这是一份上海高考英语短文填空专项训练（附解析），共20页。
短文填空
用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Three Thing I Learned While My Plane Crashed
On January 15, 2009, US Airways flight 1549 crash-landed on the Hudson River in New York City. Several large geese had flown into its engines and caused both of them ____1____ (fail). Due to a combination of pilot skill and pure luck, everyone on the plane ____2____ (survive) the accident.
Although it is an experience that he hopes no one else has to have, passenger Rick Elias learned a lot that day. He says that three important lessons came out of that terrifying moment. The first is in a life-or-death situation, “Everything changes in an instant.” He realized that it was important to do ____3____ that he wanted to do without postponing them. ____4____ it is fixing a friendship that has problems or going on an adventurous vacation, Elias says we shouldn’t wait.
As the plane went down, the second lesson Elias learned was that it was important to have negative energy ____5____ (eliminate) from his life. He saw that he had spent too much time winning arguments and feeling important. Now, he says, “I no longer try to be right; I choose to be happy.”
The final important lesson Elias learned was that although it wasn’t frightening to look death in the eye, it was sad. He realized ____6____ he really wanted was to see his children grow up. He understood that “the only thing ____7____ matters in my life is being a great dad.” He encourages other parents to be the best mothers and fathers they can be, ____8____ anything else.
Since then, Elias has lived those lessons. Even though he is the CEO of a growing company, he has also taken time to do good works. In 2012, he contributes $1 million toward the founding of Golden Door Scholars, ____9____ (provide) scholarships for immigrant students who want to attend university.
As Elias remembers that cold winter’s day in 2009, he knows “I _____10_____ (give) a gift, which was to be able to see into the future and come back and live differently.” If you could look into your own future, what would you change now?
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The New Zealand government has banned the sale of existing homes to foreign buyers, saying New Zealanders were sick of being “tenants in our own land”. Associate minister of finance David Parker said the ban would mean housing would become ____11____ (affordable) for locals, and supply would increase.
“We think the market for New Zealand homes and farms should be set by New Zealand buyers ____12____ overseas buyers,” said Parker in an interview with the Guardian. “That is to benefit New Zealanders who have their shoulder to the wheel of the New Zealand economy, pay tax here, have families here. We don’t think they ____13____ be outbid (出价高于) by wealthier people ____14____ overseas.”
Only a quarter of adults in New Zealand own their own home, ____15____(compare) with half in 1991,and in the last five years homeless figures have increased, ____16____ some New Zealanders forced to live in cars, garages and under bridges. A report by the Economist in 2017 found New Zealand had the most unaffordable house prices in the world, with prices in Auckland ____17____(climb) 75% in the last four years, ____18____ the market has cooled in recent months.
New Zealand has become a destination for Chinese, Australian and Asian buyers and ____19____(gain) a reputation as a bolthole (refuge) for the world’s wealthy, who view it as a safe haven from a potential nuclear conflict, the rise of terrorism and civil unrest, or simply as a place to get away from it all.
_____20_____ the latest figures from statistics New Zealand, 3.3% of homes sold in the last quarter were to foreigners, with the bulk of the buyers Chinese, followed by Australians. Tax residents of the UK, US and Hong Kong were also among the biggest buyers of property.
Directions: After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. ____21____ connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.
People ____22____ （influence） to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people ____23____ （describe） their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time ____24____ （resist） the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.
The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people ____25____ （trap）in a pathological （病态的） relationship with time-consuming technology,____26____ they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude（奴役）. I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence ____27____ uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.
What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need to ask ____28____ if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” ____29____ it's time to discover today's overused technology.
Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies,” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider ______30______ life long ago could be fantastic without today's overused technology.
Just How Buggy is Your Phone?
What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___31___ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.
In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before ___32___(die)from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___33___(confess)to the crime.
___34___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”
It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from ___35___ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.
In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, ___36___ countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___37___(early)study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who ___38___(use)a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.
One day, microbial signatures might show ___39___ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove ___40___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Valuing and Protecting the Great Outdoors
Anyone that is keen on getting out into nature knows that the untouched beauty of the outdoors will only remain that way if people respect the environments they visit.
____41____ (ensure) that this happens, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics has come up with a framework of seven principles for people to follow. These principles can be applied ____42____ one is hiking to a remote campsite or enjoying a local park.
The Leave No Trace principles offer guidelines for ____43____ people can leave a minimal impact in the areas they explore. While most relate to correct behavior for when people are outdoors, the first principle is about planning ahead. ____44____ you head out on an adventure, preparation is essential. Adequate planning helps keep you and your group safe. A little research will also give you a basic understanding of the environment you ____45____ (visit).
The other rules to follow when you are outdoors are quite simple. You should always walk on proper trails and stay at ____46____ (mark) campsites. Everything you bring with you into an area needs ____47____ (bring) back out. Of course, this means trash like plastic bags and bottles, but it also includes leftovers and food scraps. Further, when you leave a nature area, you should leave what you find. That is, don’t take ____48____ from the trail like flowers or rocks with you.
You should also minimize campfires. It is actually best to carry a portable stove when you go camping. If you are making fires, it is vital that you make sure the fire is out   before     you   leave.     The   last   two     principles   are ____49____ respect and consideration. Respect any wildlife in the area; you're in their home. Finally, be courteous (谦恭的) towards anyone else you meet and think of how your actions _____50_____ affect others that are enjoying the outdoors alongside you.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The three-day torch relay for the Beijing Olympics, shortened considerably because of concerns about the coronavirus, started Wednesday with ____51____ 80-year-old former speed-skater carrying the flame.
The relay opened at the Olympics Foreign Park. Luo Zhihuan, the country’s first internationally competitive speed-skater, ____52____ (run) the first leg.
The torch will be carried through the three Olympics zones, starting with downtown Beijing ____53____ heading to Yangqing district and finally Zhangjiakou in neighboring Hebei Province.
The Beijing Games have already been impacted on a scale similar to that experienced by Tokyo during last year’s Summer Olympics. China says only selected spectators will be allowed to attend events, and Olympic athletes, officials, staff and journalists are required to stay within a bubble that keeps them from contact with the general public.
____54____ Beijing, with its 20 million residents, has experienced only a handful of COVID-19 cases and reported just two new ones on Wednesday, in keeping with China’s “zero tolerance” approach to the pandemic, strict rules require lock-downs and mass testing when any real or suspected case ____55____ (discover).
The truncated program seemed to have little effect on Luo, who after receiving the torch from Vice Premier Han Zheng said it was the realization of decades-long aspiration.
“I’ve never participated in the Winter Olympics, so I had hoped our country ____56____ host the Winter Olympics and I had the dream for nearly 60 years,” said Luo, wearing a red and white jacket ____57____ (mark) with No. 1. “Today my dream has come true ... How happy I am!”
The opening of the Beijing Games comes only days after the start of the Lunar New Year holiday, China’s biggest annual celebration ____58____ millions traditionally travel to their hometowns for family reunions. For the second straight year, the government has advised ____59____ living away from home to stay put, and train and plane travel has been curtailed.
Participants in the torch relay have undergone health screenings and have been carefully monitored, ____60____ (start) from two weeks before the event.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The rituals(仪式) of office work used to mean communication with colleagues was a given. Chats in the coffee room, communal birthday cakes or a shared walk to the car park at the end of the day provided brief moments to connect outside daily tasks. ____61____ people didn’t directly work together or weren’t on the same team, employees had at least some colleagues to exchange a few casual words with throughout the workday.
The switch to remote work ____62____ (change) that recently. Now, employees work via virtual channels: they interact with the people they share tasks with. For many, there is no work-related reason to seek out colleagues ____63____ aren’t connected to their roles and workloads, and many people’s work worlds have shrunk – no more ‘just because’ chats to the woman in IT or guy in accounts. Colleagues who used to be small – but important – parts of workers’ office lives are now effectively ghosts.
It’s clear this impacts workers; research shows many remote employees feel less connected to their teams and companies. Solving the problem is difficult – after all, Slacking or Zooming a co-worker you don’t know well, for no work-related reason, could feel decidedly odd. Yet finding ways____64____ (restore) these post-pandemic work communities ____65____ be key to ongoing wellbeing at work.
A study by a team of US academics and Microsoft researchers analysed email data sent from 1.4 billion professional email accounts across thousands of organisations, including Microsoft, between July 2018 and November 2020, and identified similar results. Organisational silos (组织孤岛) became ____66____ (define) during the pandemic, and these silos also became less connected to each other ____67____ people talked mainly to their own team members. This trend persisted even as the silos themselves became unstable, for example when members left the company.
When the pandemic forced a sudden switch to full-time remote work, connections with colleagues were very different. The shift came as the company prepared for a global launch, meaning the workload was intense. Instead of being a joy, long virtual meetings with external contacts left Thomson ____68____ (drain). Interactions with colleagues were reduced to daily 15-minute check-ins, as opposed to the casual chats she used to have on and off all day.
“It was pretty productive, ____69____ there wasn’t any downtime at all,” she says. The opportunity to chat, to joke or to have conversations had been squeezed out. Contact with some of her indirect colleagues and work contacts stopped altogether, _____70_____ (shrink) her social circle at work. “For those of us who are more extrovert, a lot was lost,” she says.

参考答案：
1．to fail
2．survived
3．all
4．Whether
5．eliminated
6．what
7．that
8．above
9．providing
10．was given
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Rick Elias在经历空难并幸存之后，所得到的三个重要的人生体会。
1．
考查非谓语动词。句意：几只大雁飞进了它的引擎，导致引擎失灵。句中为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，构成短语：cause … to do sth.导致……去做某事。故填to fail。
2．
考查时态。句意：由于飞行员的技术和纯粹的运气，飞机上的每个人都在事故中幸存了下来。根据上文可知，本句为过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填survived。
3．
考查代词。句意：他意识到，重要的是要做他想做的一切，而不是推迟这些事。结合句意可知，用代词all担当宾语，表示“一切事”。故填all。
4．
考查状语从句。句意：无论是修复一段有问题的友谊，还是一次冒险的假期，Elias说我们不应该再等了。本句为让步状语从句，表示“是否”。出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。
5．
考查非谓语动词。句意：       随着飞机的坠落，Elias学到的第二课是消除他生活中的负能量是很重要的。句中用非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，和宾语negative energy之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填eliminated。
6．
考查名词性从句。句意：他意识到他真正想要的是看着他的孩子长大。本句为宾语从句，宾语从句中主语部分由主语从句担当，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what。故填what。
7．
考查定语从句。句意：他明白“我生命中唯一重要的事情就是做一个好爸爸。” 句中先行词为the only thing，在定语从句中担当主语，由于有only修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
8．
考查介词。句意：他鼓励其他父母尽可能成为最好的父母，超过其他任何事情。空处指的是，要成为最好的父母，这件事的重要性远远超过其他事情，所以用介词above，表示“超过”。故填above。
9．
考查非谓语动词。句意：2012年，他出资100万美元成立了Golden Door Scholars，为想上大学的移民学生提供奖学金。本句为非谓语动词担当状语，Golden Door Scholars和动词provide之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填providing。
10．
考查时态和语态。句意：Elias还记得2009年那个寒冷的冬天，他知道“我得到了一份礼物，那就是能够看到未来，然后回来，以不同的方式生活。根据时间状语2009可知，时态为一般过去时；主语I和动词give之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was given。
11．more affordable
12．instead of
13．should
14．from
15．compared
16．with
17．climbing
18．although
19．has gained
20．According to
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文，主要讲述了新西兰颁布禁令，为了本国当地人的利益，禁止将现房卖给外国人。
11．
考查形容词。句意：财政部副部长说道，这一禁令将意味着住房对于当地人，会变得更加容易负担，房子的供应量也会增加。此处become为系动词，后跟形容词做表语，且根据后文的supply would increase可知，此处意为“能够更负担得起”，故填more affordable。
12．
考查介词。句意：我们认为，新西兰的房屋和农场应该有新西兰本地购买者所拥有，而不是海外购买者。根据句意可知，此处意为“而不是”，故应用介词instead of，故填instead of。
13．
考查情态动词。句意：我们认为，他们不应该被来自海外的有钱人出高价而比下去。根据句意可知，此处意为“新西兰当地人不应该被海外有钱人所比下去，而无法买到房子”，故应用情态动词should，表示“应该”，故填should。
14．
考查介词。句意：我们认为，他们不应该被来自海外的有钱人出高价而比下去。此处意为“来自海外的有钱人”，表达为from overseas，故填from。
15．
考查非谓语动词。句意：与1991年一半的成年人在新西兰拥有房子，现在只有四分之一的人，并且在过去的五年里，无家可归的人数在增加，一些新西兰人被迫住在车里，停车场和桥下。此处compare做状语，“一半的人买房子”和“四分之一的人买房子”，这两个是拿来被比较，故应用过去分词，故填compared。
16．
考查介词。与1991年一半的成年人在新西兰拥有房子，现在只有四分之一的人，并且在过去的五年里，无家可归的人数在增加，一些新西兰人被迫住在车里，停车场和桥下。根据空后的宾语some New Zealanders和宾补forced可知，此处为with的复合结构，故填with。
17．
考查非谓语动词。句意：由经济学家2017年做的一项报道表明，在全世界，新西兰的房价是最高的，在过去的四年里，尽管市场不太景气，奥克兰的房价增长了75%。此处为with的复合结构，宾语prices与宾补climb之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词，故填climbing。
18．
考查连词。句意：由经济学家2017年做的一项报道表明，在全世界，新西兰的房价是最高的，在过去的四年里，尽管市场不太景气，奥克兰的房价增长了75%。根据句意可知，此处意为“尽管市场不太景气，但是奥克兰的房价也增长了不少”，故应用although引导让步状语从句，故填although。
19．
考查时态。句意：新西兰已经成为了中国、澳大利亚和亚洲购买者的目的地，而且以及获得了世界上有钱人的避难所的称号。此处and连接前后两个动词become和gain，根据前文的has become可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has gained。
20．
考查介词。句意：根据来自新西兰最新的数据显示，上个季度，3.3%的房子是卖给外国人的，继澳大利亚之后，大部分是中国人。根据句意可知，此处意为“根据数据显示”，表达为according to，故填According to。
21．When
22．have been influenced
23．to describe
24．resisting
25．trapped
26．where
27．with
28．ourselves
29．But
30．how
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文，介绍了人们对电子产品和科技的过分依赖，并探讨了如何修正这种病态的关系。
21．
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他们沉迷于电子设备时，它们远离了现实世界。分析句子结构可知，前部分是省略后的状语从句，空格处应填入连词；根据“ they are away from physical reality.”可知此处表示“当……的时候”，本剧运用了状语从句的省略，完整形式为：When they are connected electronically，相当于省略了they are（主从句主语一致）。故填When。
22．
考查时态语态。句意：人们已经受到影响，对科技上了瘾。分析句子结构可知设空处为句中谓语动词；主语People与谓语动词influence之间是被动关系，且“影响”已经发生造成后果，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态；又因集体名词People作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。
23．
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项调查显示，“上瘾”是人们最常用来描述他们与iPad和与之类似设备的关系的词。分析句子结构可知设空处为非谓语动词，又因句中有固定搭配be used to do…（被用来做……），所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to describe。
24．
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究发现，相比睡眠、香烟和酒精，人们更难抵制社交媒体的诱惑。分析句子结构可知设空处为宾语从句中非谓语动词，又因句中有固定搭配have a good/hard/difficult time (in) doing…所以应用现在分词作宾语。故填resisting。
25．
考查非谓语动词。句意：我看到人们被困在一种与耗时的科技相关的病态关系中。分析句子结构可知设空处为非谓语动词，people与trap之间是被动关系，表示“人们被困”，所以应该使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填trapped。
26．
考查定语从句。句意：我看到人们被困在一种与耗时的科技相关的病态关系中，在这种关系中人为技术服务，而不是技术为人服务。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词relationship，先行词relationship是“模糊地点”，在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种关系中”，所以用关系副词引导定语从句。故填where。
27．
考查介词。句意：我指的是，因为无节制地使用各种消耗时间和金钱的设备而带来的个人自由和独立的丧失。分析句意可知，loss of personal freedom and independence和uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices之间有因果关系，且空格后是名词短语，因此用介词连接，介词with表示“因为，由于”。故填with。
28．
考查代词。句意：我们需要问问自己，我们是否有机会打破关于技术使用的错误信念。根据下文“if we are to have any chance…”可知，这是我们需要自己问自己的问题，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。
29．
考查连词。句意：但是，是时候发现今天技术的过度使用了。上文“too much of a good thing is wonderful. ”（好东西过犹不及也奇妙）与下文“it's time to discover today's overused technology.”对过度使用技术的质疑之间有转折关系。故填But。
30．
考查宾语从句。句意：为了打破与电子设备间的这种关系，人们必须想想，没有过度使用的科技，我们曾经的生活会是多么美好。分析句子结构可知设空处谓语动词consider后的宾语从句，结合句意可知应用how引导，表示“曾经的生活会是多么美好”。故填how。
31．the
32．dying
33．confessed
34．Although/Though
35．those
36．from
37．earlier
38．had used
39．where
40．that
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。手机等电子产品携带者大量的危险细菌，但是另一方面，并不是所有的细菌都是危险的，手机等电子产品携带的病菌能够像指纹一样确定人们的身份。
31．考查冠词。句意：如果你说马桶座圈，那你就错了。the表示特指，表示马桶不是家居中细菌最多的物品。故填 the 。
32．考查省略句。句意：手机的主人在死于疾病前报告了失窃事件。本句为before引导的时间状语从句，从句中省略了he was ，还原回来为：he was dying。故填 dying 。
33．考查一般过去时。句意：不久，小偷开始出现症状，最后认罪。and并列连接begin的过去式began和confess的过去时confessed。故填confessed       。
34．考查连词。句意：虽然在这种不寻常的情况下，手机携带着危险的细菌，但并非所有的细菌都是有害的。分析句子可知，句子缺少从属连词，根据主从句的转折意思，判断出从句填从属连词Although/Though。故填Although/Though       。
35．考查代词。句意：事实证明，在你手机或平板电脑上的细菌类型与你的朋友和家人的细菌类型不同。根据句意可知，是两种细菌类型不同，所以这里的those指代的是 the types of germs。故填 those。
36．考查介词。句意：在2017年的一项研究中，研究人员对22个参与者家中的一系列表面进行了取样，从台面和地板到电脑键盘和鼠标。from.....to....“从...到...”为固定短语。故填 from。
37．考查形容词比较级。句意：在一项早期的研究中。由前文的“In a 2017 study”可以判断出，本空所表示的时间比2017年早，所以用early的比较级earlier。故填 earlier 。
38．考查过去完成时。句意：在一项早期的研究中，一组不同的研究人员发现，即使键盘在室温下未动过两周的情况下，他们也可以用微生物指纹来识别使用电脑键盘的人。分析句子可知，use所表示的动作发生在过去动作identify之前，所以用过去完成时。故填had used 。
39．考查连接词。句意：总有一天，微生物特征可能显示人们去了哪里，接触了什么。及物动词show后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，所以填连接词where。故填where 。
40．考查连接词。句意：他们可以证明一个没有标记的装置是你的。prove后接宾语从句，宾语从句句子成分完整，所以填连接词that。故填 that。
【点睛】
状语从句中的主谓省略
① 在以if、when、before、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,而且从句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。
② 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构， if it is possible, when it is necessary 等都是这种结构。
本句为before引导的时间状语从句，从句中省略了he was ，还原回来为：he was dying。故小题2填dying。
41．To ensure
42．whether##when##whenever
43．how
44．Before
45．will visit##are to visit
46．marked
47．to be brought##bringing
48．anything
49．about
50．may##might
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。珍视和保护户外环境是任何一个热衷于进入大自然的人都知道的，只有当人们尊重他们所处的环境时，户外的原始美才会保持下去。为了确保做到这一点，户外道德无痕中心提出了一个由七项原则组成的框架，供人们遵循。
41．
考查动词不定式。句意：为了确保做到这一点，户外道德无痕中心提出了一个由七项原则组成的框架，供人们遵循。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处应该是目的状语，故用动词不定式结构，首字母大写。故填To ensure。
42．
考查状语从句。句意：无论是远足到偏远的营地还是在当地公园游玩，这些原则都可以应用。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句引导词。根据后面的“or”可知，空格处可填whether。whether…or…引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……还是……”。故填whether。另外，这个句子还可以看成一个时间状语从句说明这些原则使用的时间，此时句意为：（每）当一个人远足到一个偏远的营地或在当地公园游玩时，可以应用这些原则。故可以填when或者whenever。故填whether、when或whenever。
43．
考查宾语从句。句意：不留痕迹原则为人们如何在他们探索的领域留下最小影响提供了指导。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句引导词，且引导词在句子作状语。由句意判断，应用how引导，表示“如何，怎样”。故填how。
44．
考查状语从句。句意：在你开始冒险之前，准备是必不可少的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句引导词。由句意判断，before符合句意，意为“在……之前”，首字母大写。故填Before。
45．
考查时态。句意：一点研究也会让你对你将要参观的环境有一个基本的了解。分析句子可知，the environment后面是省略了关系代词的定语从句，故空格处应填入谓语动词。由句意判断，此处指“将要参观”，故用一般将来时。故填will visit。此外，be to do 也可用于表达按计划或安排要做的事。故也可填are to visit。故填will visit或are to visit。
46．
考查过去分词。句意：你应该始终走在适当的小路上，并呆在有标记的营地。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。campsites与mark是被动关系，表示“被标记的营地”，故用过去分词。故填marked。
47．
考查非谓语动词。句意：你带到一个地区的所有东西都需要带回来。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语。need作实义动词时，表示“某物需要被……”可以用need doing或need to be done。need doing用主动表达被动意义。故填to be brought或bringing。
48．
考查不定代词。句意：也就是说，不要从小道上带走任何东西，比如鲜花或石头。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。由句意可知，此处表达“不要从小道上带走任何东西”，故anything符合句意。故填anything。
49．
考查介词。句意：最后两个原则是关于尊重和考虑。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。有句意可知，此处表达“关于，与……有关”，故填about。
50．
考查情态动词。句意：最后，对你遇到的任何人都要有礼貌，想想你的行为会如何影响到与你一起享受户外活动的其他人。分析句子可知，how your actions __10__ affect others that are enjoying the outdoors alongside you是宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词affect前设空，故应填入情态动词。由句意可知，此处表达“也许，可能”之意，故填may或might。
51．an
52．ran
53．then
54．Although##Though##While
55．is discovered
56．would
57．marked
58．when
59．those
60．starting
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在疫情期间，北京冬奥会火炬传递及开幕式情况。
51．
考查冠词。句意：由于担心新冠肺炎疫情，北京奥运会为期三天的火炬接力大大缩短。周三，一名80岁的前速滑运动员开始传递火炬。根据设空处名词“80-year-old former speed-skater carrying the flame(一名80岁的前速滑运动员)”可知，此处需要冠词，表示泛指一位运动员，因80（eighty）为元音开头，所以需要使用冠词an。故填an。
52．
考查谓语动词。句意：罗致焕，我国第一位具有国际竞争力的速度滑冰运动员，跑第一段。根据句子结构可知，run为谓语动词，根据上文句子谓语“opened”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，因此需要使用动词的一般过去式。故填ran。
53．
考查副词。句意：火炬将经过三个奥运区，从北京市中心开始，然后前往阳清区，最后到临近的河北省张家口。根据句意及starting with(首先)，finally(最后)可知，此处为递进关系，需使用then意为“然后”。故填then。
54．
考查让步状语从句。句意：北京拥有2000万居民，尽管只有少量新冠肺炎病例，周三报告的新冠肺炎病例只有两例，但是基于中国对新冠肺炎疫情的“零容忍”政策，当发现任何真实或疑似病例时，则严格要求封锁和大规模检测。根据句子结构分析可知，此处需要连词引导从句，分析前后句可知属于让步关系，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
55．
考查时态和语态。句意：但是基于中国对新冠肺炎疫情的“零容忍”政策，当发现任何真实或疑似病例时，则严格要求封锁和大规模检测。根据上文句子谓语“require”可知，此处为一般现在时。因为主语case与discover是被动关系，因此需使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填is discovered。
56．
考查过去将来时。句意：我一直希望我们国家能举办冬奥会。根据hope可知，此处为希望以后发生的事情，主句时态为had hoped，因此需使用过去将来时。故填would。
57．
考查非谓语动词。句意：穿着印有1号的红白相间的夹克。根据句子结构分析可知，此处mark为非谓语动词作定语，修饰先行词jacket。因与jacket是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词形式，故填marked。
58．
考查定语从句。句意：春节假期是中国最盛大的年度庆祝活动，按照传统，这时候会有数百万人回家与家人团聚。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为连词引导定语从句修饰先行词Lunar New Year holiday，从句中缺少状语，因此需使用关系副词when，故填when。
59．
考查代词。句意：政府连续两年建议远离家乡的人待在家里，火车和飞机出行已经被缩减。根据短语advise sb to do sth.可知，此处缺少代词作宾语，“living away from home”意为“离家在外的人”为非谓语作定语修饰设空处代词，为复数概念，所以需使用those。故填those。
60．
考查非谓语动词。句意：从火炬传递前两周开始，参加火炬传递的人都经过了健康检查和仔细监测。根据句子结构分析可知，此处start为非谓语动词作状语，因与前面整个句子是逻辑主谓关系，因此需使用现在分词表主动。故填starting。
61．Even if##Even though
62．has changed
63．who##that
64．to restore
65．may/might/can /could
66．more defined
67．as##because##since
68．drained
69．but
70．shrinking
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了现如今人与人之间沟通交流变少的现状及原因分析。
61．
考查让步状语从句。句意：即使人们没有直接在一起工作或不在同一个团队，员工在工作日至少也会有一些同事与他们闲聊几句。空格所在的部分是一个句子且以逗号结尾，由此可知空格所在的部分是一个从句，根据句意可知句子“employees had at least some colleagues to exchange a few casual words with throughout the workday.( 员工在工作日至少也会有一些同事与他们闲聊几句)”与句子“people didn’t directly work together or weren’t on the same team,( 人们没有直接在一起工作或不在同一个团队，)”之间是让步关系。故填Even if/though。
62．
考查时态。句意：最近，远程工作的转变改变了这一点。分析可知空格处是句子的谓语。根据语境及句中的“recently”可知此处用现在完成时态，主语the switch是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has changed。
63．
考查定语从句。句意：对很多人来说，找那些与自己的角色和工作量无关的同事没有工作相关的原因，而且很多人的工作世界已经缩小了——不再有“仅仅因为”与IT行业的女性或会计行业的男性聊天。分析可知空格处所在的部分是一个定语从句，从句不完整，缺少主语，用关系代词引导，先行词colleagues，指人，故填who/that。
64．
考查固定搭配。句意：然而，找到方法恢复这些大流行后的工作社区可能是保持工作幸福感的关键。way to do是一个固定搭配，意为：做某事的方式，其中不定式to do作后置定语，修饰way。故填to restore。
65．
考查情态动词。句意：然而，找到方法恢复这些大流行后的工作社区可能是保持工作幸福感的关键。空格后是动词原形be，由此可知空格处填情态动词，根据句意，表示“可以、可能”。故填may/might/can/could。
66．
考查形容词的比较级。句意：在疫情期间，组织竖井变得更加明确，这些竖井之间的联系也变得更少，因为人们主要与自己的团队成员交谈。空格处与下文“less connected”是并列关系，故空格处填形容词比较级，形容词defined意为：明确的，清晰的，其比较级是more defined。故填more defined。
67．
考查原因状语从句。句意：在疫情期间，组织孤岛变得更加明确，这些组织之间的联系也变得更少，因为人们主要与自己的团队成员交谈。分析可知空格所在的部分是一个从句，且与前一句“these silos also became less connected to each other(这些组织之间的联系也越来越少)”是因果关系，故此处是一个原因状语从句。故填as/because/since。
68．
考查非谓语动词。句意：与外部联系人的长时间虚拟会议并没有让汤姆森感到愉快，反而让他精疲力竭。此处考查leave的复合结构，Thomson与drain是逻辑上的被动关系，故用leave sb. done这一结构，意为：留下某人……，此处过去分词作宾语补足语。故填drained。
69．
考查连词。句意：她说：“工作效率很高，但根本没有休息时间。”，空格前后都是完整的句子，故空格处填连词，空格前后句意是转折关系。故填but。
70．
考查非谓语动词。句意：她与一些间接的同事和工作上的接触完全停止了，缩小了她在工作上的社交圈。分析可知空格所在部分是句子的状语，故填非谓语动词，主语Contact与“shrink”之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词，此处作结果状语。故填shrinking。