北京中考英语阅读表达专项训练（附解析）

这是一份北京中考英语阅读表达专项训练（附解析），共22页。

阅读回答问题
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
The Sport of Concentration

Every day, it seems, a new gadget (设备) promises to help me increase the distance and pace I run, or the number of hours I sleep, or the rate of my heartbeats. It will make me a “better me,” or so the story goes.
Maybe some of them actually help to do these things, but nonetheless, I still decided to sell all of my sports gadgets a few months ago and simply record my running times with a pen and a notepad. Soon after, I began to train for a marathon the old-fashioned way, without something on my wrist telling me my pace and current heart rate. As it turned out, running without knowing all that information was a great pleasure.
In the past, whenever I was running slower than my smartwatch said I should be, I’d force myself to speed up, even if it was clear that my body didn’t want to. But this time, I ran the way I wanted to.
On more than a few occasions, when I’d look at my notepad following key workouts (锻炼), I was shocked to see that I’d had some real breakthroughs (突破), running much faster than I thought I could. I was so shocked about these numbers and thought that if I’d seen them during the workout itself, I would have probably slowed down. Yet, because I was blind to them, I just kept on running.
Another positive thing about getting rid of all my running gadgets is that it’s helping me concentrate (集中注意力) more on the running itself. Since I no longer feel like I need technology to run well, I can go out and run without worrying about whether everything has enough battery power.
So, what’s the lesson here? Well, we could very easily replace the example of running with writing, studying, or anything else. No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.
Should you stop using technology to “improve” your performance? Of course, that’s up to you. However, if I were to be asked that question, I’d certainly say that I’m better off without it.
1．When did the writer decide to sell all of the sports gadgets?
________________
2．Why was the writer shocked?
________________
3．What’s another positive thing without any running gadgets?
________________
4．What does the writer learn from the example of running?
________________
5．What do you think of sports gadgets? Why do you think so?
________________
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick animals can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown because the woman had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to-3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could find the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to build a nest and fix it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I told the owner what she should do and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometime the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all－LUNCH! The owl parents gave the owl chick lunch and would probably continue to do so.
6．Why did the writer get a recue call from a woman in Muttontown?
______________________________________________________________________
7．Where did the writer put some pine branches?
______________________________________________________________________
8．What did the writer give the homeowner?
______________________________________________________________________
9．Who gave lunch to the owl chick?
______________________________________________________________________
10．What is the passage mainly about?
______________________________________________________________________
May 12th—International Nurses Day is an important date to all nurses. The tireless efforts of nurses all over the world are celebrated every year on May 12th, because it is the anniversary(周年纪念日) of the birth of Florence Nightingale, who is widely considered the founder of modern nursing.
Nurses are appreciated(感激) in many different ways on International Nurses Day, also called IND．People are encouraged to take time to thank a nurse who has been there for them or their loved ones during days of sickness. Do you know the history of International Nurses Day?
It all began in 1953, when Dorothy Sutherland, an official with the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, asked President Dwight D．Eisenhower to proclaim(宣布) a Nurses Day. However, he did not do so at that time. The International Council of Nurses has celebrated on May 12th since 1965. In January 1974, this day was finally officially made International Nurses Day.
Because this day is all about celebrating nurses' endless contributions(贡献) to society, taking this opportunity to show a nurse who has taken care of you how much you appreciate him or her is very meaningful on this day. If you are feeling especially grateful for the way a certain nurse took care of you (fed you, brought you a blanket, monitored your vital signs, made sure you were getting the right pills, changed your wound dressings, helped you get to the bathroom, let you cry on his or her shoulder, or any of the hundreds of other things nurses do), May 12th is the day to show that gratitude(感谢). So take a trip down to the hospital with a box of chocolates, a bouquet of flowers, or anything else you think that particular nurse might like.
Some people, after having spent months in the hospital with a serious condition, decide to order pizza or cake for the entire medical team that was looking after them, a gesture that team is guaranteed(肯定的) to remember you for forever, if you should decide on it. However, as mentioned before, it's the thought that counts the most. A nurse's main goal is to help you get through treatment and get better, so just knowing he or she succeeded is a reward in itself.
11．When is International Nurses Day?
_________________________________
12．What are people encouraged to do on International Nurses Day?
_________________________________
13．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
_________________________________
14．Why do people take a trip down to the hospital with chocolates or flowers on May 12th?
_________________________________
15．What is a nurse's main goal?
_________________________________
When it comes to celebrations, birthday parties can be one of the important of the whole year. The gifts, the singing, the candle-blowing... Basically, they’re all the best things thrown together into one day. But birthdays aren’t always a fun for everyone. For example, homeless children might not get anything at all for their special day. That’s why 17-year-old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project. It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers. Dusansky’s dream: to bring smiles to all kids’ faces on their birthdays.
As teenagers, they met many challenges at the beginning. One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and there would be a party each month. Each party is not easy as there are many things that have to be managed. Luckily, The Balloon Project volunteers want each party to be better than the last and can be counted on to make that happen.
Getting The Balloon Project off the ground required many leadership qualities (品质) which Dusansky did not know she owned. Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success.
Offering services to those in need and creating a positive influence are important in being an active member of a community. Community service teaches life lessons often not taught in school. At one party, a little boy and his father came up to thank her for holding the boy’s first organized birthday party. Dusansky then thanked them for teaching her something, too. The father, who lived in a shelter with his son, looked at her, puzzled, as if he was not worthy of teaching her anything. Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed. She will never forget his hug.
Find a cause that interests you. Dusansky loves birthday celebrations and wants disadvantaged children to have the opportunity to celebrate, too. Love is passed on easily—it encourages people to help and volunteer.
16．How old was Dusansky when she decided to start The Balloon Project?
17．Who does The Balloon Project help?
18．What was one of the biggest challenges in running The Balloon Project?
19．What did Dusansky learn from the father?
20．What do you think of Dusansky?
Sylvia Earle is one of the world’s most famous ocean (海洋) scientists . She loves to go diving (潜水) in the ocean. She has spent a lot of her life both in and under the waves. Earle has led more than a hundred explorations and she set a record for diving in 1,000-meter-deep water on her own. In total, she has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater.
Earle describes the first time she went to the ocean: “I was three years old and I got knocked over by a wave (波浪). The ocean certainly got my attention! It was exciting. And since then, I have been attracted by life in the ocean.”
Now, Earle’s job is to focus on developing a worldwide network of areas on the land and in the ocean. This network will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet. She explains why this is important: “When I first went to the Gulf of Mexico in the 1950s, the sea looked huge and blue. It seemed to be too large and too wild to be destroyed by the action of people. Then, in only several tens of years, the blue wilderness of my childhood disappeared. By the end of the 20th century, about 90 percent of the sharks, whales, and many other large creatures had disappeared from the Gulf. They had been there for millions of years.”
Some people don’t understand why the ocean is so important to life on Earth. Earle explains that “the ocean is the foundation of our life support system. The ocean is alive. The living things in the ocean produce O2 and take up CO2. If we don’t have the ocean, we don’t have a planet that works.”
The Gulf of Mexico has had many problems, especially after the Deepwater Horizon Oil disaster (灾难) of 2010, but Earle says, “In 2003 I found good signs in clear, deep water far from the mouth of the Mississippi River. It was full of life. Large areas of the Gulf are not destroyed. Protecting the most important places will be good for the future of the Gulf and for all of us.”
21．Who is Sylvia Earle?
__________________________________________________________
22．How long has Earle spent underwater in total?
__________________________________________________________
23．When did Earle get knocked over by a wave?
__________________________________________________________
24．What will Earle’s worldwide network do?
__________________________________________________________
25．Why does Earle think the ocean is important to life on Earth?
__________________________________________________________
Where did the moon come from?

How much do you know about the moon? Is it older or younger than the Earth? Where did it come from? Let me take you back to the earliest days of the Earth, four and a half billion (十亿) years ago. At that time, the Earth had no moon. It was moving around the Sun alone.
The early Earth was hit by rocks and comets (彗星). Today, there are no marks left from this huge ball. But to know more about the hitting, I’ve come to the Arizona desert to see a great hole in the ground. This is a beautiful, large and round hole, a near-perfect circle. It was formed when a shooting star fell down strongly into the Earth fifty thousand years ago. It’s amazing how much damage that one passing rock can cause.
It must have been a mess with many rocks hitting the Earth. And then along came something much, much bigger. Another planet, the size of Mars, came into the path of the Earth. It was on the way to hit the Earth. It hit the Earth with a very fast speed. It was unbelievable and difficult to guess the power broken out by such a hitting! The hitting sent a large amount of running rocks into the path of the Earth. After the strong hitting, the broken pieces got together into a ball and the moon was formed, just 14,000 miles away from the early Earth. This was the closest point it could have been. If it were any closer, the gravity (重力) would have pulled the broken pieces falling down strongly back to the Earth and there would be no moon.
Today the moon is just a rock without light, but back then, it was a hot and round ball in space burning brightly. It must have looked amazing: a really large orange disc in the sky.
Imagine the scene: the first moonrise over the early Earth. Our world was no longer alone. It has a huge, powerful neighbour, and ever since then, the Earth has been a very different kind of planet.
26．When was the Earth moving around the Sun alone?
___________________________
27．What hit the early Earth?
___________________________
28．How did the moon form after the strong hitting?
___________________________
29．What was the early moon like?
___________________________
30．What do you think of the very first moonrise?
___________________________
The Story of Braille
Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.
The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille（1809-1852）. Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was not convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it.
In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots. The soldiers would drag（缓慢地移动）their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.
While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. “Braille”, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.
The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use.
31．Who introduced blind people to reading?
________________________________________
32．When did a soldier visit the school and show the students a system?
________________________________________
33．How old was Louis Braille when he created a system?
________________________________________
34．Does the system “Braille” include Chinese?
________________________________________
35．What can you learn from Louis Braille?
________________________________________
From a seed (种子) that is smaller than a pea grows the tallest of trees. The coast redwood is the largest giant among North America’s trees.

redwoods
Redwoods are most special for two reasons. The first is their size. Imagine standing next to a tree that is the height of a 30-story building. The second is their age. Redwoods commonly make it to 600 years or so. It has been found that some trees are more than 2000 years old.To find a coast redwood, you have to go to Oregon or California. A coastline about 450 miles long and up to 35 miles wide is home to the redwoods. Coast redwoods don’t grow anywhere else in the world, because the coast of the Pacific Ocean provides a special environment for the redwoods. Cool, moist (湿润的) air comes off the ocean and keeps the trees moist all year round, which is important because almost all of the area’s rain falls between October and May. During the dry summer months, the trees depend on moisture from the thick fog that often hangs over the coast.
Redwoods have their own protection systems. Most of redwoods’ branches and leaves are high up on the tree. This keeps them safe from forest fires. Also, the bark (树皮) of a redwood is as much as 12 inches thick. The thick covering protects the lower part of the tree from fire damage. Besides, redwoods are safe from insect damage (虫害) because the wood contains a bitter-tasting (苦味的) chemical called tannin.
If you ever get a chance, visit a redwood forest, and imagine who might camp there a thousand years ago. Look upward and just imagine how high the trees might grow if we protect them.
36．What is the largest giant among North America’s trees?
_________________________
37．What are redwoods most special for?
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38．Where can you find a coast redwood?
_________________________
39．What keeps the trees moist all year round?
_________________________
40．What are the redwoods’ protection systems?
_________________________

Teen Scientist Finds a Low-Tech Way to Recycle Water
Shreya Ramachandran is 17 years old. She lives in Fremont, California. In 2014, she visited Tulare County and remembered seeing California’s water crisis(危机). Tulare is in California’s Central Valley, and at that time, locals were facing terrible water shortages caused by climate change. The wells completely ran dry and they were trucking water in for even basic needs.
Ramachandran was really shocked so she decided to do something for the locals. She tried to find ways to reuse water from showers and washing machines in order to help people better deal with water shortages.
Around that time, Ramachandran’s grandmother was visiting from India, and had brought with her a handful of soap nuts. A soap nut, also known as a soap berry, is a small yellow or brown fruit covered with a hard, brown shell. Soap nuts are native to India, where they are used for bathing.
One day, when she was using soap nuts as a shampoo, she suddenly realized that probably soap nuts can be used as laundry detergent(洗衣粉)as well, and then they can reuse the leftover water because soap nuts are all natural.
To see if the leftover water could be used to water plants, she also developed a project. She sent emails to universities up and down in California to ask for help. Finally, she got the support of a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. She tested the water on grasses and vegetables and found that gray water from soap nuts could be reused safely for non-potable(非饮用的)uses。
Ramachandran went on her project, which teaches people how to recycle gray water in their own homes, She does workshops at schools, libraries and business events, and she develops a gray water science lesson that has been used in more than 90 schools so far.
“I've learned a lot about what it means to be a scientist,” Ramachandran, now a senior in high school, says, “You can use science to develop the solutions, but it’s equally important to put it in practice.”
41．How old is Shreya Ramachandran?
________________________________________
42．What caused terrible water shortages in Tulare County in 2014?
________________________________________
43．Why did Shreya Ramachandran want to find ways to reuse water?
________________________________________
44．Which country are soap nuts native to?
________________________________________
45．What did Shreya Ramachandran do to carry out her project?
________________________________________
Passing on Beauty of Words

Famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” A well-known Chinese translator, Xu Yuanchong, has tried his best to pass on the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry all his life.
Xu has just turned 100 years old. On April 1, China Translation and Publishing House published a series of books about his life and career to pay respects to him.
Since 1978, Xu has published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies(选集) and plays in Chinese, English and French. Especially, he translated Chinese poems into English and French. He is also the first Asian winner of the “Aurora Borealis Prize” for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu is known to be very strict in his work. He has given his mind to “translating beautifully”. For him, English is a “scientific” language that requires correctness, while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this, Xu keeps his translations correct and beautiful.
Through Xu’s translations, historic Chinese wisdom has made an influence on Western societies and the world at large.
For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a reform(改革), some officers were against at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow(《江雪》) translated by Xu, one officer was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent, non-conformist(不墨守成规的) thinking that he chose to support Obama, noted NewsChina.
Having made such great achievements, the 100-year-old is still hard-working. He lives alone in an old house near Peking University. Every day he translates about 1,000 words, working till 3 to 4 a.m., sleeping about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a.m. to continue.
46．Who is Xu Yuanchong?
_________________________
47．How old is Xu Yuanchong?
_________________________
48．How many translated novels, anthologies and plays has Xu published since 1978?
_________________________
49．Which poem translated by Xu impressed the American officer?
_________________________
50．What does Xu Yuanchong’s translation mean to China?
_________________________






参考答案：
参考答案：
1．A few months ago.
2．Because the writer/she/he had some real breakthroughs, running much faster.
3．It’s helping the writer/her/him concentrate more on the running itself.
4．No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.
5．One possible key: I agree with the writer. I think they’re not necessary for me. Because I don’t need technology to run well, I can go out and run without worrying about whether everything has enough battery power.
Another possible key: I think they are helpful for me. Because I can know the data from sports gadgets and improve my performance from time to time.
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要是作者结合自己跑步的经历告诉我们，与其依赖那些计数设备来记录跑步的情况，不如专心地跑步，因为让自己在某件事上做得更好的时间越多，我们的表现就越受影响。
1．
根据“I still decided to sell all of my sports gadgets a few months ago”可知，几个月前，决定卖掉我所有的运动设备，故填A few months ago.
2．
根据“I was shocked to see that I’d had some real breakthroughs (突破), running much faster than I thought I could”可知，作者很震惊地发现有了一些真正的突破，跑得比想象的要快得多，故填Because the writer/she/he had some real breakthroughs, running much faster.
3．
根据“Another positive thing about getting rid of all my running gadgets is that it’s helping me concentrate (集中注意力) more on the running itself”可知，另一个摆脱所有跑步设备的好处是，它帮助作者更专注于跑步本身，故填It’s helping the writer/her/him concentrate more on the running itself.
4．
根据“No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.”可知，这让作者明白无论如何，我们花在如何让自己在某件事上做得更好的时间越多，我们的表现就越受影响，故填No matter what it is the more time we spend worrying about how to make ourselves better at something, the more our performance is affected.
5．
开放性题，答案合理即可，参考答案为：One possible key: I agree with the writer. I think they’re not necessary for me. Because I don’t need technology to run well, I can go out and run without worrying about whether everything has enough battery power.
Another possible key: I think they are helpful for me. Because I can know the data from sports gadgets and improve my performance from time to time.
6．Because the woman had found a young owl on the ground
7．Into the basket.
8．A recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.
9．The owl parents.
10．How the writer and the homeowner saved a chick owl falling from the tree.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文，这篇文章主要讲述的是作者做野生动物的志愿者，一天接到求助电话，一位女士发现地上的小猫头鹰，作者帮助给小猫头鹰在树上建造了鸟巢，并给房子的主人一盘录制的磁带，里面记录了小猫头鹰饥饿的叫声，最后唤回了猫头鹰的父母来给它喂食。
6．
根据第二段“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown because the woman had found a young owl on the ground”可知，女人发现地上的小猫头鹰所以给作者打电话求助。故答案为Because the woman had found a young owl on the ground.
7．
根据第四段“I put some pine branches into the basket”可知，作者放了松树枝在篮子里。故答案为Into the basket.
8．
根据倒数第二段“I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks”可知，作者给主人给了一盘录制的磁带，里面有小猫头鹰饥饿的叫声。故答案为A recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.
9．
根据最后一段“The owl parents gave the owl chick lunch”可知，猫头鹰的父母给小猫头鹰午餐。故答案为The owl parents.
10．
这篇文章主要讲述的是作者做野生动物的志愿者，一天接到求助电话，一位女士发现地上的小猫头鹰，作者帮助给小猫头鹰在树上建造了鸟巢，并给房子的主人一盘录制的磁带，里面记录了小猫头鹰饥饿的叫声，最后唤回了猫头鹰的父母来给它喂食。可概括为作者和房子的主人是如何帮助从树上掉落的小猫头鹰的。故答案为How the writer and the homeowner saved a chick owl falling from the tree.
11．May 12th. / It's on May 12th.
12．People are encouraged to take time to thank a nurse who has been there for them or their loved ones during days of sickness.
13．It's about the history of International Nurses Day. / How International Nurses Day started.
14．Because they want to show their gratitude. / To show their gratitude.
15．A nurse's main goal is to help you get through treatment and get better. / To help you get through treatment and get better.
【解析】
【分析】
每年的5月12日是国际护士节，这是一个对全世界的护士都非常重要的日子。这篇短文给我们讲述了护士节的历史，并呼吁人们在这一天去向曾经帮助、照顾过他们的护士表达感激之情。
11．
根据短文开头“May 12th—International Nurses Day is an important date to all nurses.”可知，5月12日是国际护士节。故答案为May 12th. / It's on May 12th.
12．
根据短文第二段“People are encouraged to take time to thank a nurse who has been there for them or their loved ones during days of sickness.”可知，在那一天，人们被鼓励花时间感谢那些在他们生病或他们所爱的人生病时，一直在他们身边的护士。故答案为People are encouraged to take time to thank a nurse who has been there for them or their loved ones during days of sickness.
13．
根据第二段的最后一句话“Do you know the history of International Nurses Day?”以及这一段的开头“It all began in 1953, when…”可知，这一段给我们介绍了护士节的历史。故答案为It's about the history of International Nurses Day. / How International Nurses Day started.
14．
根据短文第四段“May 12th is the day to show that gratitude(感谢). So take a trip down to the hospital with a box of chocolates, a bouquet of flowers, or anything else you think that particular nurse might like.”可知，人们拿着一盒巧克力、一束花或者其他的什么东西去医院，向护士表达感谢。故答案为Because they want to show their gratitude. / To show their gratitude.
15．
根据短文最后一段“A nurse's main goal is to help you get through treatment and get better”可知，护士的主要目标就是帮助你度过治疗时期，病情好转。故答案为A nurse's main goal is to help you get through treatment and get better. / To help you get through treatment and get better.
16．17
17．Children living in homeless shelters.
18．To make others trust them.
19．She learnt to have the courage to ask for help when needed.
20．I think she is a caring girl with superior ability.
【解析】
本文讲述了Daryn Dusansky为了让无家可归的儿童都能过上生日，她开始了一个“气球计划”。文中具体介绍了这个计划实施过程中遇到的困难，通过这个计划，希望能让爱继续传递下去。
16．
根据“That’s why 17-year-old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project”可知，她17岁时决定开始这个计划，故填17。
17．
根据“It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers”可知，它帮助收容所里无家可归的孩子，故填Children living in homeless shelters.
18．
根据“As teenagers, they met many challenges at the beginning. One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and there would be a party each month”可知，其中最大一个挑战就是让别人相信这个计划是可靠的，故填To make others trust them.
19．
根据“Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed”可知，他教会了她要有勇气在需要的时候寻求帮助，故填She learnt to have the courage to ask for help when needed.
20．
根据“It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers”可知，她为了让住在收容所的无家可归的儿童过上生日，她启动了“气球计划”，可以看出她是一个有爱心的女孩。根据“Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success”可知，她努力工作，解决遇到的困难，与人保持积极沟通，可以看出她是一个能力出众的女孩，故填I think she is a caring girl with superior ability.
21．She is one of the world’s most famous ocean scientists.
22．More than 7,000 hours.
23．When she was three years old.
24．It will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet.
25．Because she thinks the ocean is the foundation of our life support system.
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了海洋科学家西尔维亚·厄尔保护海洋生态系统的经历。
21．
根据“Sylvia Earle is one of the world’s most famous ocean (海洋) scientists.”可知，西尔维亚·厄尔是世界上最著名的海洋科学家之一。故填She is one of the world’s most famous ocean scientists.
22．
根据“In total, she has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater.”可知，她在水下总共度过了7000多个小时。故填More than 7,000 hours.
23．
根据“I was three years old and I got knocked over by a wave (波浪).”可知，她三岁的时候被一个大浪撞倒了。故填When she was three years old.
24．
根据“This network will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet. ”可知，这个网络将保护和支持对地球很重要的生命系统。故填It will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet.
25．
根据“Earle explains that “the ocean is the foundation of our life support system. The ocean is alive. The living things in the ocean produce O2 and take up CO2. If we don’t have the ocean, we don’t have a planet that works.””可知，西尔维亚·厄尔认为海洋是我们生命维持系统的基础，海洋是生机勃勃的。海洋中的生物产生氧气，吸收二氧化碳。如果我们没有海洋，我们就没有一个正常运转的星球。所以海洋对地球上的生命如此重要。故填Because she thinks the ocean is the foundation of our life support system.
26．Four and a half billion years ago.
27．Rocks and comets.
28．The broken pieces got together into a ball.
29．It was a hot and round ball in space burning brightly.
30．Our world was no longer alone.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了月球是如何产生的。
26．
根据“Let me take you back to the earliest days of the Earth, four and a half billion (十亿) years ago. At that time, the Earth had no moon. It was moving around the Sun alone”可知，45亿年前，地球只绕着太阳转，故填Four and a half billion years ago.
27．
根据“The early Earth was hit by rocks and comets”可知，岩石和彗星撞击了早期的地球，故填Rocks and comets.
28．
根据“After the strong hitting, the broken pieces got together into a ball and the moon was formed”可知，经过强烈的撞击，碎片聚成一个球，月亮就形成了，故填The broken pieces got together into a ball.
29．
根据“Today the moon is just a rock without light, but back then, it was a hot and round ball in space burning brightly”可知，那时的月球是一个在太空中明亮燃烧着的滚烫的圆球，故填It was a hot and round ball in space burning brightly.
30．
根据“Imagine the scene: the first moonrise over the early Earth. Our world was no longer alone”可知，第一次月亮升起时我们的世界不再孤单，故填Our world was no longer alone.
31．Louis Braille.
32．In 1821.
33．At the age of fifteen./He was 15.
34．Yes. /Yes, it does.
35．He tried to solve the problem. He was good at thinking and practicing.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了盲文的诞生过程。
31．
根据文中“The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille（1809-1852）.”可知，Louis Braille介绍盲人读书。故填Louis Braille.
32．
根据文中“In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle.”可知，一个士兵在1821年参观过学校，给学生们看了一个系统。故填In 1821.
33．
根据文中“At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter.”可知，Louis Braille在15岁的时候创建了这个系统。故填At the age of fifteen./He was 15.
34．
根据文中“Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use.”可知，盲文系统包括中文。故填Yes. /Yes, it does.
35．
根据短文内容可知，Louis Braille努力解决盲人阅读问题。他善于思考和练习。故填He tried to solve the problem. He was good at thinking and practicing.
36．The coast redwood.
37．Their size and age.
38．Oregon or California.
39．Cool, moist air comes off the ocean.
40．Redwoods’ branches, leaves, barks and the bitter-tasting chemical.
【解析】
文章主要介绍了红杉树的高大外形和超长树龄，然后介绍了它的生长环境。
36．
根据“The coast redwood is the largest giant among North America’s trees.”可知海岸红杉是北美最大的树木。故填The coast redwood.
37．
根据“Redwoods are most special for two reasons. The first is their size. ... The second is their age.”可知红杉树因为它们的大小和年龄而特别。故填Their size and age.
38．
根据“To find a coast redwood, you have to go to Oregon or California.”可知能在俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州找到海岸红杉。故填Oregon or California.
39．
根据“Cool, moist air comes off the ocean and keeps the trees moist all year round”可知来自海洋的凉爽潮湿的空气使树木一年四季保持湿润。故填Cool, moist air comes off the ocean.
40．
根据倒数第二段全段内容可知红杉树的保护系统包括其枝、叶、树皮和苦味的化学物质。故填Redwoods’ branches, leaves, barks and the bitter-tasting chemical.
41．17. /Seventeen years old.
42．Climate change.
43．In order to help people better deal with water shortages.
44．India.
45．She asked professors for help，tested the water on grasses and vegetables and taught people how to recycle gray water in their own homes.
【解析】
【分析】
本文讲述了17岁的高中生看到加州的水危机便开始想办法来帮助人们解决水资源短缺问题的故事。
41．
根据第一段“Shreya Ramachandran is 17 years old.”可知，什里亚拉马钱德兰今年17岁，故填17. /Seventeen years old.
42．
根据第一段“Tulare is in California’s Central Valley, and at that time, locals were facing terrible water shortages caused by climate change.”可知，在图拉雷，因气候变化造成严重缺水，故填Climate change.
43．
根据第二段“She tried to find ways to reuse water from showers and washing machines in order to help people better deal with water shortages.”可知，什里亚拉马钱德兰想找到重新利用水的方法是为了帮助人们更好地解决水资源短缺问题，故填In order to help people better deal with water shortages.
44．
根据第三段“Soap nuts are native to India, where they are used for bathing.”可知，皂角干果原产于印度，故填India.
45．
根据倒数第二段“ Finally, she got the support of a professor…She tested the water on grasses and vegetables ”和第三段“Ramachandran went on her project, which teaches people how to recycle gray water in their own homes”可知，什里亚拉马钱德兰向教授求助，测试了青草和蔬菜上的水，并教人们如何在自己家里回收灰水，故填She asked professors for help，tested the water on grasses and vegetables and taught people how to recycle gray water in their own homes.
46．He is a well-known Chinese translator.
47．He is 100 years old.
48．More than 100.
49．Fishing in Snow.
50．Xu Yuanchong is the person who passes on the beauty of words and makes the world learn about the Chinese culture better.##People all over the world learn about the Chinese culture better from Xu’s translation.##Literature is without boundaries and Xu helps introduce Chinese literature to the world.（本题无固定答案，言之有理即可）
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了关于著名翻译家许渊冲的故事。
46．
根据原文“A well-known Chinese translator, Xu Yuanchong”可知，许渊冲是中国著名翻译家。故填He is a well-known Chinese translator.
47．
根据原文“Xu has just turned 100 years old”可知，许渊冲100岁了。故填He is 100 years old.
48．
根据原文“Since 1978, Xu has published more than 100 translated novels, anthologies(选集) and plays”可知，自1978年以来，许渊冲出版了100多部翻译小说、选集。故填More than 100.
49．
根据原文“But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow(《江雪》) translated by Xu, one officer was so impressed”可知，许渊冲翻译的《江雪》这首诗令美国官员印象深刻。故填Fishing in Snow.
50．
本题无标准答案，学生言之有理即可。故参考答案为：Xu Yuanchong is the person who passes on the beauty of words and makes the world learn about the Chinese culture better./People all over the world learn about the Chinese culture better from Xu’s translation./Literature is without boundaries and Xu helps introduce Chinese literature to the world.