第02讲 句子成分结构 - 【暑假自学课】2022年新高一英语暑假精品课（人教版）

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Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见（眼见为实）
Preview
Exercises
尝试标出下列句子的主谓宾（系表）
1. She likes singing.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[She]是主语；[likes]是谓语；[singing]是宾语
2. It’s abut 10 minutes’ walk.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[It]是主语；[is]是谓语（系动词）；[abut 10 minutes’ walk]是表语
3. But I was t busy t be there.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[I]是主语；[was]是系动词；[busy]是表语
4. The 10th China Flwer Exp is being held in China.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[The 10th China Flwer Exp]是主语；[is being held]是谓语
5. It’s necessary fr us t play sprts an hur a day at schl.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[t play sprts]是主语；[is]是谓语（系动词）；[us]是宾语
6. I have n idea.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[I]是主语；[have]是谓语；[n idea]是宾语
7. The amusement park has received many visitrs.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[The amusement park]是主语；[has received]是谓语；[many visitrs]是宾语
Knwledge
英语的句子成分一共有六种：主谓宾定状补：分别是：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语（补语分为主补和宾补，其中主补也称为表语）。除外还有同位语、感叹语、插入语等。
英语的简单句一共有五种句子结构，这五种句子结构就像数学公式一样构成了英语的所有复杂句式。
①主 + 谓（S + V）：注意这里的谓语是不及物动词
②主 + 谓 + 宾（S + V + O）：注意这里的谓语是及物动词或不及物动词 + 介词
③主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾（S + V + IO + DO）：间宾是动作最终目的；直宾是动作内容
④主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补（S + V + O + OC）：宾补是补充说明宾语的
⑤主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P）：表语就是主语补足语
Tip 1
句子成分含义
Tip 2
五种简单句
·I never lie.
我从不撒谎。
·I like bananas.
我喜欢香蕉。
·I live in Kunming.
我住在昆明。
·I gave Lily a bk.
我给了莉莉一本书。
·I decide t paint the wall blue.
我决定把墙刷成蓝色。
·I am handsme.
我很英俊。
Difficulty
主语就是一个句子中所叙述的主体，通常是指动作的发出者，一般位于句首，特殊情况可以后置。主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或相当于名词的词或成分来充当。
eq \\ac(◇,L)例句
谓语通常由动词充当，通常放于主语后，表明主语所发出的动作。但有时一个句子需要出现多个动作，此时注意英语一个单独的句子只能出现一次谓语动词，其余均要使用非谓语结构。
eq \\ac(◇,L)例句
宾语就是一个句子中的动作承受者，通常放在动词之后，表明动作的对象。宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或者相当于名词代词的词汇或成分充当。
eq \\ac(◇,L)例句
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的成分。最常见的定语是形容词和名词。
eq \\ac(◇,L)例句
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示程度、频度、时间、地点、原因、方式等。一般以副词或介词短语的形式出现。
eq \\ac(◇,L)例句
补语用于补充说明宾语或表语，补充宾语的称为宾语补足语；补充主语的称为主语补足语（或表语）。宾语补足语一般以形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词等形式出现。
eq \\ac(◇,L)例句
Tip 1
主语
·I just like eating bananas.
I 就是主语，like这个动作的发出者。
Tip 2
谓语
·I always play basketball after schl.
play是谓语，是句子里的动作。
Tip 3
宾语
·I watched TV last night.
TV是宾语，充当动词watch的对象。
Tip 4
定语
·What an interesting stry!
interesting是定语，修饰名词stry。
Tip 5
状语
·Lily can sing sngs well.
well是状语，修饰动词sing。
Tip 6
补语
·I saw Lee playing the pian.
playing the pian补充说明Lee。
·He is a middle schl student.
a middle schl student补充说明He。
Practice
I. 标出下列句子的主语成分
1. Traditinal Chinese Medicine is a great treasure.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[Traditinal Chinese Medicine]是主语
2. Three fifths f the teacher in ur schl are men teachers.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[Three fifths f the teacher]是主语
3. The pink hair band must belng t Lily.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[The pink hair band]是主语
4. The mvie named A Little Red Flwer shws parents’ lve fr their chicken.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[The mvie named A Little Red Flwer]是主语
5. My uncle wrks in a hspital.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[My uncle]是主语
II. 标出下列句子的谓语成分
1. The famus writer gave us a reprt.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[gave]是谓语
2. Yu need t check emails.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[need]是谓语
3. These fishermen hmes are n lnger in the bats.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[are]是谓语
4. Shang Hai has a large cllectin f art.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[has]是谓语
5. There will be tw tigers in the new z.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[will be]是谓语
III. 标出下列句子的宾语成分
1. I want t think abut it.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[it]是宾语
2. Zhang Guimei has managed t make thusands f girls receive educatin.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[thusands f girls]是宾语
3. Gvernment has taken actins t stp water and air pllutin.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[water and air pllutin]是宾语
4. Peple shw thanks t nurses.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[nurses]是宾语
5. Sally thinks that ld things always bring back sweet memries.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[sweet memries]是宾语
IV. 标出下列句子的定语成分
1. My friend Nancy frm France is crazy abut Chinese culture.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[Chinese]是定语
2. Can yu lend me yur English dictinary?
_______________________________________________________________________________
[yur English]是定语
3. I have my wn advantages.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[my wn]是定语
4. Our schl music festival is cming.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[ur schl]是定语
5. Fur children were walking under a small umbrella.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[fur；small]是定语
V. 标出下列句子的状语成分
1. Tianwen 1 landed successfully n Mars recently.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[successfully；recently]是状语
2. Unfrtunately, we must put ff the match.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[Unfrtunately]是状语
3. This prblem is extremely hard.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[extremely]是状语
4. I have been in Kunming fr many years.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[in Kunming；fr many years]是状语
5. Let’s meet in the schl tmrrw mrning.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[in the schl；tmrrw mrning]是状语
VI. 标出下列句子的补语成分
1. His new nvel is very ppular.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[very ppular]是主语补语
2. We shuld make ur TV repaired.
_______________________________________________________________________________
[repaired]是宾语补语