高考英语一轮复习课时提能练36-8 Unit 1 a land of diversity含答案

  课时提能练(三十六)

选修8　Unit 1　A land of diversity

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

The presidential 1.election (elect) will take place next month, which appeals to as many as five 2.applicants (apply) for candidates. It is generally accepted that the competition is 3.apparently (apparent) more fierce than usual. There are clear 4.distinctions (distinct) among their ruling ideas. The 5.majority (major) of the voters are in favor of the Democratic candidate. There is every 6.indication (indicate) that he has more 7.thoughtful (thought) ideas about improving people's livelihood. Besides, he holds an attitude that any 8.racial (race) discrimination should be forbidden.

B

Dozens of people have died 9.from an unknown disease in Congo, an African country. Children are in 10.the majority. Hospitals have taken 11.in hundreds of suspected cases. Researchers from UN are teaming 12.up with local doctors to look into the causes 13.by means of specific techniques. They are applying 14.for permission from the government to mark 15.out the places where the disease may break out and prohibit the people there to leave for other places. Evidence suggests that some bad habits and old practices the local residents have kept 16.up for decades do harm to the environment and that the disease is mostly likely linked to such things.

C

Jack likes exploring the Amazon in Brazil, but he never takes chances; that's 17.why he has survived while most of his partners haven't. He prefers 18.to make(make) careful plans in advance rather than risk his life to do things that are bound to fail. Last week, Jack began another trip to the Amazon. First he arrived in 19.what is known as Manaus, a city where 20.it is believed that some places of interest are well worth a visit. Province Palace is one of them. 21.Built (build) in 1874, this building used to serve as police headquarters. Today, it is home to several different organizations. Jack felt like 22.dropping (drop) in at this building before his boat tour to the Amazon.

Ⅱ.语境短文改错

根据P8课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

George arrived early on the morning by bus. He went straight to the hotel and dropped his luggage, then he went explore. The first thing was a ride on cable car. From top of the hill he gets a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Building in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie. He was wanted to find a better form of transport than horse­drawn trams. Apparent, he had been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in that a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. With so many exploring, he was exhausting and had a rest.

[答案]　

George arrived early  the morning by bus. He went straight to the hotel and dropped his luggage, then he went . The first thing was a ride on  cable car. From top of the hill he  a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.  in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie. He wanted to find a better form of transport than horse­drawn trams. ， he had been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in  a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. With so  exploring, he was  and had a rest.

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．他从不放弃学习英语，那就是他最后成功的原因。(why引导的表语从句)

He never gave up learning English. That was why he was successful at last.

2．科学家们最终到达了所谓的北极。(what引导的宾语从句)

The scientists finally arrived in what was called the North Pole．

3．与整个地球相比，最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。(过去分词作状语)

Compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

4．对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。( likely )

It is likely that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.

5．人们认为澳大利亚的历史始于18世纪末。(it作形式主语的主语从句)

It is believed that Australian history began at the end of the 18th century.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·济南市针对性训练)The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2，000 birds and mammals. To date，at least 40，000 plant species，3，000 fish，1，294 birds，427 mammals，428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.

The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species. Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳定年法)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1，000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.

The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11，200 years ago. European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which travelled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.

The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. But due to deforestation(滥伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth's land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change. Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture. The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.

【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了亚马孙热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的危险。

1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To prove the forest untouched.

B．To classify species scientifically.

C．To show the diversity of species.

D．To attract more attention to the Amazon region.

C　[推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚马孙热带雨林的物种多样性，故选C。]

2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?

A．European explorers brought diseases there.

B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly.

C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned.

D．They got killed by Spanish explorers.

A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which travelled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)”可知，可能多达90%的亚马孙土著居民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选A。]

3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?

A．It has the largest number of species.

B．It covers over 5% of South America.

C．It is becoming larger in area.

D．It is being endangered now.

D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“at the present rate...in two decades”并结合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马孙热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来20年可能会减少40%，故选D。]

4．What may be included in the following paragraph?

A．Examples of destroying forests.

B．Measures to protect rainforests.

C．New settlements in the Amazon region.

D．Ways to stop global warming.

B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的关键词“deforestation”可推知，亚马孙热带雨林砍伐严重，那么文章接下来自然就会论述这一问题的解决措施，故选B。]

B

(2019·郑州市第一次质量预测)My son Sam is 16 and autistic(自闭症的). There's a lot going on in that beautiful and brilliant mind of his, but even on a good day he can be easily at a loss. Throw in some diagnosed anxiety, an inability to read social cues(提示) and an unexpected change to his daily routine, and you have the way to deal with a very public breakdown(精神崩溃)．

It was Sam's very first day at high school. We'd set up a plan for how he'd get home: I'd pick him up outside the shop near his school at 3：30 pm and I believed this was a perfect plan. Unknown to me, very bad weather was on its way and I was unable to warn him to take shelter.

With the combination of his dead phone battery and my dead car battery, I was running late and unable to communicate that to him. As a result, he was left alone and extremely frightened. He became very upset outside the shop, exactly where I'd told him to wait.

This was when a beautiful older Vietnamese lady not only went to check on him, but took him inside her shop, calmed him down, got my phone number from him and called me.

Five years later he continued to go into her shop every afternoon, bought a drink, had a chat and she sent him home with enough bread and rolls to feed a small nation.

Sam will graduate this year, and I'm increasingly feeling the need to drop by the shop to let this wonderful lady know that she has saved Sam, and that she has saved me. I'm not sure if I can communicate all of this, but at least I will get to thank her.

There are people I will not get to thank, though—the many kind strangers who have been there for Sam. And believe me, if you're wondering if this world is a complete mess right now, I'm here to say that it is not.

So I guess this is a love letter to those of you who have helped a stranger out of the goodness of your heart. Please know you are appreciated, and that your beautiful heart and kindness are appreciated, and perhaps unknowingly, you have made a great difference in someone's life.

【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者患有自闭症的儿子在生活中得到诸多陌生好心人的帮助，作者从此向人们表达真诚感谢。

5．What can we learn about Sam from the first paragraph?

A．He is rather slow with his studies.

B．He can deal with sudden changes well.

C．He has difficulty in dealing with things.

D．He tries hard to learn how to read social cues.

C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Throw in some diagnosed anxiety, an inability to read social cues(提示) and an unexpected change to his daily routine, and you have the way to deal with a very public breakdown(精神崩溃)”可知，萨姆应对日常生活有困难，故选C。]

6．The underlined part “check on” in Paragraph 4 probably means “        ”．

A．discover　　　 B．visit

C．recognize D．examine

D　[词义猜测题。根据前三段的内容可知，萨姆患有自闭症，并结合第四段可知，商店的主人，一个越南的老太太出来看了看萨姆，然后把他带到商店里，使他镇静下来，并和作者取得了联系，由此可推知，画线部分意为“查看”，与D项意思相近，故选D。]

7．What happened to Sam after his first day at high school?

A．He could get on well with his classmates.

B．He made good friends with the nice lady.

C．He brought the lady some food to thank her.

D．He became willing to communicate with others.

B　[推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，萨姆在受到商店老太太的帮助之后经常会去商店里与她交流，由此可推知，他和老太太成了好朋友，故选B。]

8．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To express her thanks to kind people.

B．To remind us all to help autistic people.

C．To show how difficult life is for autistic people.

D．To tell us how to make a difference in others' lives.

A　[写作意图题。根据最后一段第一句“So I guess this is a love letter to those of you who have helped a stranger out of the goodness of your heart”，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，作者写本文的目的是感谢那些曾经帮助过陌生人的好心人，故选A。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasn't sure what he wanted from   1  ， but something told him to   2   and begin a new adventure.

He began that adventure traveling to cities in the US before going on to Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. He took my mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road   3   him.

It's easy to feel   4   when you're on the road. We made lots of new friends on our trip — most of them are mechanics, since we often   5   hours in repair shops. But that was a way much   6   than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to   7   when it was 40℃ outside.

Getting along well sometimes seemed   8  . There were always a lot of   9  ， especially among us back seat passengers about who had to   10   in the middle. But even if it was hard, we learned a lot about   11  . When we were traveling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been an hour's drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and   12   traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived there. From the back seat, we saw her   13   turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.” That was how a seven­hour car trip turned into a 16­hour one, which was mostly spent in   14  ．

On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were   15   in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the   16  . Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and   17   one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.

This is why road trips were like   18   universities to us. We   19   our PhDs(博士学位) in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.

If we were   20   given a second chance at life, we would do it all over again. Only this time would I put the suitcases in the car myself.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候“我”随父亲和母亲以及我的姐妹开车旅行，在此过程中，我们学会了忍让以及和别人相处。这个颠簸的旅程是一所移动的大学，让“我”受益匪浅。

1．A.move B．life

C．experience D．belief

B　[根据上文可知，“我”的父亲出生在美国的一个小镇上；结合该句中的“He wasn't sure what he wanted”以及下文叙述的他带着全家开车旅行可推知，那里他不确定想从生活中要些什么，故B项正确。]

2．A.live up B．struggle on

C．get out D．walk around

C　[根据该句中的“begin a new adventure”可推知，他得到启示，要他走出去，去开启新的冒险经历。C项意为“离开，从……出来”，故C项正确；B项意为“勉力维持”。]

3．A.took B．drove

C．served D．controlled

A　[根据该句中的“wherever the road”并结合语境可知，他带着妈妈和我们这三个女儿，沿路旅行。A项表示“带去，引领”，符合语境，故A项正确。]

4．A.anxious B．upset

C．helpless D．lonely

D　[根据该句中的“when you're on the road”和下文介绍的沿路交朋友可推知，当在路上时，很容易感到孤独(lonely)。]

5．A.wasted B．worked

C．spent D．chatted

C　[根据语境可知，由于我们经常花费几个小时在修理店，所以我们交的朋友大部分是修理工。]

6．A.better B．easier

C．safer D．cleverer

A　[由于外面的温度达到40摄氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在马路边等候好得多。]

7．A.break down B．cool off

C．clear up D．turn over

B　[根据该句中的“when it was 40℃ outside”可知，外面气温高达40摄氏度；据此可推知，该处指等待发动机冷却下来；B项意为“使冷却下来”，故B项正确。A项意为“出故障”，C项意为“清理”，D项意为“翻转”，都与语境不符。]

8．A.available B．alternative

C．necessary D．impossible

D　[根据下文中的“it was hard”并结合语境可知，友好相处有时似乎是不可能的(impossible)。]

9．A.arguments B．fights

C．embarrassments D．amusements

A　[根据空后的“especially among us...in the middle”可知，我们之间总是有很多争吵，尤其是关于后座的我们谁坐(sit)在中间时。]

10．A.settle B．rest

C．sit D．watch

C　[参见上题解析。]

11．A.sharing B．respect

C．communication D．tolerance

D　[根据该句中的“But”表达的语境可知，尽管这很难解决，但是我们学会了忍耐(tolerance)。]

12．A.light B．heavy

C．local D．fast

B　[根据该句中的“It should have been an hour's drive but was nearly three”可知，本可以在一小时就完成的路程，我们却花了三个小时；据此可推知，这里道路较差，交通拥堵，故B项正确。]

13．A.suddenly B．sensitively

C．calmly D．slowly

D　[根据语境可知，我们在后座看到母亲慢慢地转过头对父亲说：“没有，我还以为你放了”。]

14．A.silence B．vain

C．panic D．disappointment

A　[根据上文可知，母亲忘记将手提箱放进车里；结合该句和下文中的“we had to learn to let go of our anger”可知，我们学会了控制自己的怒气，这个七小时的行程最终变成了十六小时的行程，我们大部分的时间都在沉默。]

15．A.buried B．crazy

C．stuck D．impatient

C　[根据语境可知，在像上文提到的情况下，我们必须控制自己的怒气，因为我们和相同的人在接下来的旅程(journey)里一起被困在车里。be stuck in为固定搭配，意为“被困在……”，故C项正确。]

16．A.holiday B．journey

C．exploration D．march

B　[参见上题解析。]

17．A.dragging B．pushing

C．helping D．sending

B　[根据该句中的“I kept my feelings to myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情绪；据此可推知，此处表示有时“我”想要打开车门将“我”的一个姐妹推出车外。B项意为“推”，故B项正确。]

18．A.unusual B．common

C．free D．mobile

D　[根据该句中的“road trips”以及下文中的“We          our PhDs(博士学位)”可知，对于我们来说，公路旅行就如可移动的(mobile)大学。]

19．A.earned B．expected

C．missed D．valued

A　[根据语境可知，就在这辆旧汽车里，我们获得了如何和他人相处的博士学位。A项意为“博得，赢得”，故A项正确。]

20．A.somewhere B．anytime

C．somehow D．anyway

C　[根据语境可知，如果我们能以某种方式在人生中获得第二次机会的话，我们还是会去旅行。C项意为“以某种方式”，故C项正确。]