高考英语一轮总复习课时练13 astronomy：the science of the stars含答案

这是一份高考英语一轮总复习课时练13 astronomy：the science of the stars含答案，共8页。
  课时作业13Ⅰ.阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。1．________  is well known that China is a peace loving country.2．Would you mind ________ (wait) for a few minutes?3．I'd like to get my watch  ________ (repair)．4．He would pay attention to ________ (protect) his eyesight.5．She was ________ a stubborn woman that no one could persuade her to change her mind.6．Tom was brought ________  in a remote mountain village.7．We found ourselves ________ (surround) by water.8．The fact was  ________  she didn't like to work in that company.9．He is a man who likes to find fault ________  others.10．It was at the seaport ________ I lost my camera.11．She has little ________ (patient) with such views.12．He ________ (seek) to cheat in the exam but in vain.13．The wedding ceremony will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit)．14．I had just about given myself up for lost ________ I was spotted by a ship.15．Little Tom didn't dare to come to my home after he broke my mobile phone  ________ accident.16．I don't understand how you should spend so much money in only one month. Please account  ________ each sum of the money you spent to me.17．In no way should we hunt and kill antelopes.  ________ the contrary, everyone should make great efforts to protect them.18．Better go to heaven ________ rags than to hell in embroidery.19．The next morning, she spoke her mind to him  ________ a straightforward manner.20．He was very rude  ________ the customs officer, which of course made things worse.答案1．It　2.waiting　3.repaired　4.protecting　5.such6．up　7.surrounded　8.that　9.with　10.that11．patience　12.sought　13.permitting　14.when15．by　16.for　17.On　18.in　19.in　20.toⅡ.阅读理解AI believe in the power of holding on. What do I mean by holding on? Hugging, or holding on, is the power we possess when we put our arms around someone. It can change relationships, makes a patient a person, an acquaintance a friend.My grandmother taught me about holding on, whenever she gathered me in her strong, loving Irish arms. She always hugged even when her back became curved.My mother hugs my children the same way—heart open and arms wide, breathing them into her soul.Once I became aware of its power, I started experimenting: I held my mother  in law a moment too long then moved onto my sisters law, aunts, nieces, nephews, and cousins. I tried it with a friend who had made my life rich with laughter, but I was too embarrassed to tell her, and acquaintances that I wanted to be friends with. Some were bothered, others accepting, but all had one thing in common—the next time I hugged them, they hugged me back.For me, holding on has become more than a physical interaction; it has become a way of thinking. My answer to life's dilemmas and tough choices, it's a mixture of acceptance, forgiveness, and patience—not always easy or understood but it guides me to be quiet and listen, look for the good, have a sense of humor and laugh, stop worrying and be patient because if I let it, something will change.I've often wondered how different my life would have been if I hadn't learned the power of holding on. If during that time in my life, when I was crumbling into myself, my mother had stopped holding on to me, I might have missed something so vital to my existence. I believe that a hug is like a battery charger—a good one can keep me going for a long time.1．It can be learned from the passage that  ________. A．holding your friends' hands is beneficialB．hugging a stranger is a very common thingC．the power of holding on is beyond expectationD．a good habit came down from grandparents2．When her grandmother hugged the author ________. A．she knew her grandmother was from IrelandB．she found her grandmother older and olderC．she could sense her grandmother wasn't herselfD．she could feel great love from her loved one3．When the author offered to make friends with others ________.A．she was misunderstood in a wayB．she was refused immediatelyC．she was thought to be foolishD．she was made fun of at once4．What is author's attitude towards her life?A．Compromising.     B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic.      D．Unbelievable.答案与解析本文讲述的是，拥抱的力量是超乎想象的。作者认为拥抱就像电池充电器，一个好的拥抱可以让她坚持很长时间。作者对她的生活是乐观的。1．C　推理判断题。根据第一段I believe in the power of holding on. What do I mean by holding on? Hugging, or holding on, is the power we possess when we put our arms around someone. It can change relationships, makes a patient a person, an acquaintance a friend.可知拥抱的力量是超乎想象的。故选C。2．D　推理判断题。根据第二段中My grandmother taught me about holding on, whenever she gathered me in her strong, loving Irish arms和My mother hugs my children the same way—heart open and arms wide, breathing them into her soul.可知当奶奶拥抱作者时，她能感受到她所爱的人的爱。故选D。3．A　推理判断题。根据第三段中I tried it with a friend who had made my life rich with laughter, but I was too embarrassed to tell her, and acquaintances that I wanted to be friends with. Some were bothered, others accepting.可知当作者提议和其他人交朋友时，在某种程度上被误解。故选A。4．B　态度意图题。根据第四段中For me, holding on has become more than a physical interaction; it has become a way of thinking. My answer to life's dilemmas and tough choices, it's a mixture of acceptance, forgiveness, and patience—not always easy or understood but it guides me to be quiet and listen, look for the good, have a sense of humor and laugh, stop worrying and be patient because if I let it, something will change.可知作者对她的生活是乐观的。故选B。B(2018年高考·北京卷)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self­driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self­driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self­driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self­driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self­driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self­driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride­hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol­powered private cars worldwide with electric, self­driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be_fielded_by ride­hailing services, considering the cost of self­driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car­controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.5．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ________．A．help deal with transportation­related problemsB．provide better services to customersC．cause damage to our environmentD．make some people lose jobs6．As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern? A．Safety.     B．Side effects.C．Affordability.   D．Management.7．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Employed.    B．Replaced.C．Shared.     D．Reduced.8．What is the author's attitude to the future of self­driving cars?A．Doubtful.    B．Positive.C．Disapproving.   D．Sympathetic.答案与解析这一篇科普类议论文，主要谈论在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备。5．A　细节理解题。题干中的attention should be paid to可被定位到第二段第一句much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars中，可知人们关注的是无人汽车的安全问题，另外在下文中提到的减少交通拥堵、减少尾气排放以及提供更加便捷的经济的选择都是“与交通相关的问题”，故答案为A。6．D　 细节理解题。根据第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated可知，技术对于交通系统和城市的改变是更好还是更差取决于这种转换如何被管理。regulate管理，是manage的同义词，故答案为D。7．A　词义猜测题。employ使用；replace代替；share分享；reduce减少。本词所在句子的后一句的but说明前后是转折关系，通过理解后一句来倒推前一句的意思。“随着价格的降低，无人驾驶汽车的个人占有率会越来越高。”所以可以推断前一句的意思是“第一批商用的无人驾驶汽车将会首先被叫车服务公司所使用。”所以答案为A。8．B　观点态度题。doubtful怀疑的；positive积极的；disapproving不赞成的；sympathetic同情的。文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it(未来的汽车即将到来，我们得为之做好计划)说明未来无人驾驶汽车是不可阻挡的趋势，所以作者是积极的态度，故答案为B。Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Many students love to travel and explore the world. Become an international exchange student is a great way to do this. We can live in another country, take classes in a second language, or visit incredible tourist attractions. This is a great way learn about cross cultural values. It is also a wonderful way to learn a new language. And most international exchange students can get help by a language tutor. Unless you can't travel, you can always think about hosting an international exchange student. When you host an exchange student, you share your home and your life with this person. Most of exchange students live with a host family for six months or one year.In beginning，there is usually a language barrier，and later, you will be able to speak together more easy.答案 Ⅳ. 书面表达假定你是李华，今年六月份将从北京新华中学髙三毕业，打算到美国哥伦比亚大学上学。现在请你根据下面表格的个人信息，用英语写一封信，申请留学。姓名：李华性别：女出生年月：1999年6月毕业学校：北京新华中学学业：各门功课优秀学校：美国哥伦比亚大学(the University of Columbia)申请专业：计算机科学兴趣爱好：网络和英语电子邮箱：lihua99 @sina. com注意：1.信件必须包括以上内容，不能逐句翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2．词数100左右，开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Sir or Madam，I'm writing in the hope that I can obtain a chance to further my study in Computer Science in your university.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely，Li Hua 答案Dear_Sir_or_Madam，I'm_writing_in_the_hope_that_I_can_obtain_a_chance_to_further_my_study_in_Computer_Science_in_your_university.First, please allow me to make a brief introduction of myself. I'm Li Hua, a girl born in June, 1999. I'm graduating from Beijing Xinhua High School this coming June with each course excellent. I have a keen interest in the computer and the Internet. Besides, I have a good command of English. I know that the University of Columbia ranks among the most famous universities in the USA, and that's the very reason why I'm now applying for furthering my university study in your Computer Science department.I would appreciate it if you could take the trouble to provide me with some information and send me the necessary application materials. By the way, my email address is lihua99@ sina.com. I'm looking forward to your reply.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua