课时作业29

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．There are a variety of animals ________ (range) from rabbits to tigers in the park, including a rare species of monkey.

2．Many citizens are opposed to ________ (pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.

3．How many times do you dine out per week ________ average?

4．I went on diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tended ________ (be)high.

5．—Why does the lake smell terrible?

—Because large quantities of water ________ (pollute)．

6．________ these circumstances, what matter most is not only our persistences but also our attitudes.

7．I am writing to apply for the volunteer position ________ (state) in your notice.

8．My main reason for subscribing ________ New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.

9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to become wider and wider.

10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones are increasing ________ (steady)．

答案

1．ranging　2.pulling　3.on　4.to be

5．have been polluted　6.Under/In　7.stated

8．to　9.tendency　10.steadily

Ⅱ.选词填空

come about，result in，put up with，subscribe to，quantities of，go up，even if，keep on，on behalf of，so long as

1．________ we fail, we can learn from those failure.

2．His illness ________ his failing to attend the class yesterday.

3．The sun changes water into a gas, and it ________ to make clouds.

4．In the past, the teachers always ________ explaining the points in class.

5．I can ________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it' s not clean.

6．I can also receive the latest news by ________ famous websites.

7. ________ our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.

8. ________ we work harder at our lessons, we'll catch up with others sooner or later.

9．I'll never understand how it ________ that you were late three times a week.

10．The vehicles sending large ________ poisonous gases are a major source of air pollution.

答案

1．Even if　2.resulted in　3.goes up　4.kept on

5．put up with　6.subscribing to　7.On behalf of

8．So long as　9.came about　10.quantities of

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

(2019年江西上饶中学高三开学检测)

A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.

First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life­long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.

Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.

In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some institutions should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.

One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.

To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.

1．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this article?

A．To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem.

B．To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people.

C．To point out the need for government support for old people.

D．To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life.

2．What does the underlined word “viable” most probably mean?

A．Impossible.      B．Practical.

C．Useful.       D．Successful.

3．According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?

A．Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.

B．Increase savings levels of people during their working years.

C．Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.

D．Make available pensions for those who have retired.

4．What can be concluded from the passage?

A．Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money.

B．Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age.

C．Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people.

D．There is no single solution to the problems of the old.

答案与解析

这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讨论解决老年人的问题的办法。文章提出四个解决办法，但是这些方法有利有弊。

1．A　推理判断题。作者提出了老年人的问题，并提出了四个解决办法，总的看来，它们都有优缺点，结合使用就会有好的效果。由此可知，作者是讨论一个重要的社会问题的一些可能的解决方法。故选A。

2．B　词义猜测题。上文提到政府应该承担照顾老年人的责任，根据本句话的意思以及其所在的语境可知，该词的意思是“实际的，可实行的”。句意：不幸的是，我们国家目前的状况表明，这不是一种真正可实行的解决方法。故选B。

3．D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions.可知，通过政府的税收增加老人的抚恤金，以改善他们的生活。故选D。

4．D　推理判断题。最后一段中的To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations说明上述的方法都有优缺点，所以单独一种方法并不能奏效，采用结合起来的方法会更好。故选D。

B

The main hall of a 135­year old temple in Shanghai will be moved 30 meters to its north in order to create more space for visitors. Thousands of people gather and see the moving of the temple that started on Saturday.

The Mahavira Hall, of Shanghai's Jade Buddha Temple, was built in 1882. The temple in downtown Shanghai attracts more than two million visitors a year. Daily visitors can reach as high as 100，000.A major renovation project started in 2014. The moving of the temple started on Saturday and is set to be finished in two weeks. The main hall of the temple will be relocated 30.66 meters northward within the temple and elevated 1.05 meters.

Master Jue Xing, abbot of the Jade Buddha Temple and vice president of the Buddhist Association of China, said moving the hall will create more space between buildings and reduce the risks of a stampede as the temple is usually tightly packed.

Buddhist statues and relics in the hall will also be moved together with the hall, he said.

Workers pumped cement into the foundation of the hall because the old building's foundation was rather soft, he said.

Statues and other relics in the building were stabilized and protected with frames to avoid damage, he said.

The moving will be carried out with the help of relic preservation experts from the Shanghai Museum, he said.

Shanghai has had several successful projects to move old buildings, including a school in 2009 and a concert hall in 2002. On Aug.31st, Shanghai Concert Hall began to move 66.46 meters northward after the last concert was held in the previous location and reopened to audiences two years later. The moving was recognized as a wonder of construction protection and inspired the experts of the moving of the  Mahavira Hall.

5．Which of the following job will not be done?

A．The temple will be relocated about 30.66 meters northward.

B．Buddhist statues and relics in the hall will be moved together.

C．The foundation of the hall will be strengthened with cement.

D．Statues and relics in the hall will be stabilized with frames.

6．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The Jade Temple of Shanghai attracts 100，000 visitors every year.

B．The major renovation project completed in 2014.

C．Moving the hall is to make more space for visiting and to reduce the risks of stampede.

D．Shanghai have had some successful experience of moving buildings.

7．Which column on the  website is the article from?

A．Science and technology　　B．Culture

C．Travel  D．Life and Health

答案与解析

本文讲述的是上海近年来已经有了几次成功移动古建筑的经验，玉佛寺的大殿将向北移动30米，以及为此提前做的准备工作。

5．A　细节推理题。根据第二段The main hall of the temple will be relocated 30.66 meters northward within the temple and elevated 1.05 meters.可知这个庙宇的主殿将向北迁移30.66米不是整个庙宇，A错误；根据Buddhist statues and relics in the hall will also be moved together with the hall.可知B正确；根据Workers pumped cement into the foundation of the hall because the old building's foundation was rather soft.可知C正确；根据Statues and other relics in the building were stabilized and protected with frames to avoid damage.可知D正确。故选A。

6．D　推理判断题。根据Shanghai has had several successful projects to move old buildings, including a school in 2009 and a concert hall in 2002. On Aug.31st, Shanghai Concert Hall began to move 66.46 meters northward after the last concert was held in the previous location and reopened to audiences two years later.可知上海近年来已经有了几次成功移动古建筑的先例，有了这方面的经验。故选D。

7．B　推理判断题。本文讲述的是上海近年来已经有了几次成功移动古建筑的经验，玉佛寺的大殿将向北移动30.66米，以及为此提前做的准备。此文属于文物保护内容，不属于科技、旅游和生活健康类，应该属于文化类，应出现在文化专栏。故选B。

C

(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the  world was still populated by hunter­gatherers，small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade，industrialisation, the development of the nation­state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about  1，000;  Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world is languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question­mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

8．What can we infer about languages in hunter­gatherer times?

A．They developed very fast.

B．They were large in number.

C．They had similar patterns.

D．They were closely connected.

9．Which of the following best explains “dominant ” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A．Complex.      B．Advanced.

C．Powerful.      D．Modern.

10．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?

A．About 6，800.     B．About 3，400.

C．About 2，400.     D．About 1，200.

11．What is the main idea of the text?

A．New languages will be created.

B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C．Human development results in fewer languages.

D．Geography determines language evolution.

答案与解析

本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。

8．B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter­gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12，000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。

9．C　猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。

10．B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world is languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6 800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6 000人的占一半即3 400.故选B。

11．C　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。