高三一轮复习课时提能练21 5 Unit 1 great scientists含答案

  课时提能练(二十一)  必修5　Unit 1　Great scientists

课时作业A：基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

An 1.announcement (announce) was made yesterday, saying that Mr. Watson was awarded a prize for his 2.contribution (contribute) to environmental protection. How to stop the air being polluted is a 3.challenging (challenge) task facing society today. Mr. Watson began to work on air 4.pollution (pollute) problems at age 24 and has been showing great 5.enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for his work. He thinks governments should take 6.responsibility (responsible) for the worsening air quality. He often gives specific instructions in the 7.construction (construct) of power stations, warning that people should be 8.cautious (caution) in producing electricity from coal.

B

An opinion was put 9.forward two years ago that a bridge would be built to link this island 10.to the mainland. But some experts warned the local government to be cautious 11.about/of the potential risks, adding that it made little sense 12.to spend(spend) a large sum of money making such a bridge. However, the islanders were very enthusiastic 13.about the opinion. The bridge could promote the local economy apart 14.from the convenience it would bring to them. Now the bridge is 15.under construction, but the builders are required to slow 16.down the construction speed to make sure every detail is perfect.

C

Mrs. Brown didn't know who 17.to blame (blame) for the stolen antique vase. She lived in a big house with a strong fence 18.surrounding (surround) it. Every time she left home she would have all the windows and doors 19.locked (lock). The robber must 20.have been (be) very smart and intelligent, for neither the alarm 21.nor her dog made a sound when he slipped in. Only 22.if the police arrested the robber did she know if she could get back the expensive vase.

Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子

1．除了英语课之外， 我还积极参加英语角和其他英语课外活动， 受益颇多。(apart from)

Apart from English classes, I took an active part in English Corner and other after­class English activities, which benefited me a lot．

2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。

①Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)

②So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(so ...that ...的倒装句)

③Absorbed in his work, Tom forgot to inform her of it.(过去分词短语作状语)

3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。

①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame ...on)

②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam．(blame ...for)

③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame n．)

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这些诗。(contribute)

Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will contribute to your understanding of the poems．

5．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。(every time)

Every time I see the old photo, I will think of my deskmate in middle school.

课时作业B：能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·洛阳市、许昌市质检)Looking back on my childhood，I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.

Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them，I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.

I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects.

I am a naturalist，not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.

But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self­discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist，up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。

1．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?

A．Wildlife.　　 B．Music.

C．Languages. D．Literature.

A　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。]

2．Why can't the author remember his relatives clearly?

A．He didn't live with them for long.

B．The family was extremely large.

C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.

D．He was too young when he lived with them.

C　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。]

3．According to the author，what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?

A．Being knowledgeable.

B．Being self­disciplined.

C．Being full of ambition.

D．Being full of enthusiasm.

D　[推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。]

4．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?

A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.

B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.

C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.

D．He thinks he just reads about other people's observations.

A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline，a quality I lack”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。]

B

(2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April. What's more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, starting 2019, the middle schoolers will never have to worry about after­school work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students across the country.

The school's principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that's because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”

The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical(激进的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.

Sirkka is not the only one who believes after­school work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.

While the long­term impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban after­school work as well!

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。

5．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because         ．

A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea

B．they needed to do some experiments during the month

C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations

D．the headmaster had to carry out the government's policy

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The school's principal，Petronella　Sirkka，who came up with the idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。]

6．What makes children's learning hard nowadays?

A．Children have to do more analyzing.

B．The approach to education is complex.

C．Children get no support at home and school.

D．There are many more facts to memorize.

A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home，to comprehend the material by themselves”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。]

7．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do?

A．Help children with their homework.

B．Free children from after­school housework.

C．Spend more time reading to their children.

D．Communicate with teachers from time to time.

C　[推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。]

8．What can we infer about the students in Finland?

A．They study the hardest at school.

B．They have a more relaxing school life.

C．They enjoy great success after graduation.

D．They all have a talent for math and science.

B　[推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother died in a car crash. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) around the house   1   what to put into the suitcases. My husband, Larry, and I had been   2   for moving to New Mexico. The house was in a total   3  ．

I tried to hold my tears. I aimlessly picked things up and put them down. I couldn't   4  . What I'd heard on the phone echoed through my head.

Larry phoned a few friends.   5  ， someone asked to speak to me.“If there is anything I can do, let me know.”“Thank you，” I replied. I didn't know what to ask for.

The doorbell rang and I rose slowly for the   6  . It was Donna.

“I've come to   7   your shoes，”she said.   8  ， I asked her to repeat.“When my father died, it took me hours to get the shoes cleaned and   9   for my father's   10  ，” she said. I hadn't even thought about shoes.

Shoes were gathered. Donna   11   herself on the floor and got to work. The love in the act released my tears. Watching her   12  on one task helped me pull my   13   into order. Laundry first, I told myself. One by one, the jobs fell into place.

Now whenever I hear of an acquaintance's loss of a loved one, I think of one   14   task that suits that person's   15  . If the person asks, “How did you know I needed that？” I'd reply，“Because someone did that.”

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在失去亲人后心理状态很不好，由于受到了别人的帮助而恢复了正常之后，她也以同样的方式帮助失去亲人的熟人。

1．A.forgetting　 B．imagining

C．wondering　 D．searching

C　[根据空前的“I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I tried to hold my tears”以及文章开头第一句话可推知，作者听到亲人去世的噩耗时，有些不知所措，虽然是在收拾行李，却不知道该把什么放进手提箱里。wonder“感到疑惑，想知道”。]

2．A.hoping　 B．packing

C．leaving　 D．planning

B　[根据本句中的“for moving to New Mexico”可推知，作者为搬家到新墨西哥州而打包(packing)。]

3．A.damage　 B．failure

C．despair　 D．mess

D　[根据上文可知，作者和丈夫一直在为搬家而收拾行李，由此可推知，当时作者的家里应该是很杂乱(mess)。]

4．A.hurry　 B．decide

C．focus　 D．move

C　[根据语境可知，作者当时的心理状态非常不好，不能集中精力做事情。focus“集中(注意力、精力等于)”符合语境。]

5．A.Constantly　 B．Luckily

C．Suddenly　 D．Happily

A　[根据上句“Larry phoned a few friends”可推知，作者的丈夫将作者失去弟弟的事情告诉了一些朋友，他们接着就不断地(constantly)打电话说愿意提供帮助。]

6．A.telephone　 B．noise

C．person　 D．door

D　[根据本句中的“The doorbell rang”可知，作者站起来去应门(door)。]

7．A.borrow　 B．remove

C．clean　 D．repair

C　[根据下文中的“to get the shoes cleaned”可推知，Donna是来帮助作者清理(clean)鞋的。]

8．A.Touched　 B．Shocked

C．Confused　 D．Amused

C　[根据本句中的“I asked her to repeat”可推知，作者当时对Donna说的来帮她清理鞋子感到困惑(Confused)。touched“受感动的”；shocked“震惊的”；amused“逗乐的”。]

9．A.washed　 B．coped

C．selected　 D．shined

B　[根据本句中的“When my father died”和“to get the shoes cleaned and          for my father's         ”可推知，Donna应是说她为了参加父亲的葬礼(funeral)去清理鞋子并把它们擦亮(shined)。]

10．A.satisfaction　 B．funeral

C．smiles　 D．wishes

B　[参见上题解析。]

11．A.laid　 B．stood

C．rested　 D．settled

D　[根据上句“Shoes were gathered”和语境可推知，当鞋被聚集到一起之后，Donna在地板上找到舒适的位置(settled)开始清理鞋。]

12．A.keeping　 B．concentrating

C．insisting　 D．depending

B　[根据上文“Donna          herself on the floor and got to work”可知，当时Donna在专心地清理鞋。keep on“继续，反复做”；concentrate on“集中(注意力)于”；insist on“坚持”；depend on“依靠”。]

13．A.thoughts　 B．rooms

C．sadness　 D．luggage

A　[根据上文可知，作者当时因为亲人的突然离世而乱了思绪，而看到Donna专心地帮她清理鞋让她的思想(thoughts)恢复到了有序状态。]

14．A.specific　 B．normal

C．strange　 D．perfect

A　[根据上文中的“ Watching her         on one task”可知，“我”会想一件能满足那个失去亲人的熟人需要(need)的具体的(specific)工作。]

15．A.idea　 B．personality

C．identity　 D．need

D　[参见上题解析。]