高三英语大一轮复习1-1 Unit 1 friendship核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  一　必修1　 Unit 1　Friendship

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

We have the most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle,  a new research has claimed.

The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months,  at which we typically have five close friends. Women are the most popular at 25 years and 10 months,  with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.

The research,  by Forever Friends,  shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school,  with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.

Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook,  compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12,  and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just four.

Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says, “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes,  giving gifts,  seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference. ”

Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving,  while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends.  

With growing pressures being put on friendship these days,  it’s important to make time for our friendship.

【文章大意】研究表明, 我们在26岁时拥有最多的朋友, 但是随着时间的推移, 我们的朋友会减少。

1. How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook?

A. 4.  　　B. 12.  　　C. 18.  　　D. 22.  　　

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12”可知, 通过脸谱网, 年龄在18岁到24岁之间的人可以交到12个朋友, 故B项正确。

2. In Paragraph 5,  the author is trying to tell the readers ______.  

A. how important making friends is

B. that friendship is not easy to keep

C. how much has been done to keep friendship

D. that friendship at school is important

【解析】选D。 推理判断题。根据第五段Sam Owen所讲的话的第二句“It is a key time in our lives. . . laughing a lot. ”可知, 学校时光是人生中建立友谊的重要阶段, 这时候的友谊成长于分享笔记、赠送礼物、定期互相探望、一起欢笑中, 故D项正确。

3. The underlined phrase “drift away from” in Paragraph 6 means______.  

A. make sense of 　　　　 B. lose contact with

C. feel sorry for   D. make up with

【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Over half of us lose friendship. . . apart from close pals. ”及画线词所在句“Having children also causes 19% to. . . childhood friends. ”可以判断, 画线词意为“失去联系”, 故 B项正确。

4. This passage is most probably taken from______.  

A. Facebook or Twitter  B. an advertisement

C. a textbook   D. a newspaper

【解析】选D。 文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a new research has claimed”以及最后一段中的“these days”, 再结合选项可以判断, 本文最可能摘自报纸, 故D项正确。

【知识拓展】 长难句分析

Over half of us lose friendship through moving,  while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals.

分析:while是并列连词, 表示对比。

翻译:我们中一半以上的人由于搬迁失去了友谊, 而 36%的人说他们由于时间过长而失去好友。

B

For those who think that wealth can come without love,  you should reconsider your position.

To get wealth,  if you believe what you see in movies,  seems to mean that you have to give up love because: how can people get wealth if they are afraid to roll over others who stand in their way?

I would disagree with this view because I’ve seen a bad example. Several years ago,  I knew a man who lost not only his wealth but also his respect,  and at last was put into prison for deceiving (欺骗) his customers to make money. He was a man who pretended to care for the well-being of his customers who gave him their trust. He had been a man with good fame for many years, often admired and talked about as a true model of a caring business person. However,  all he saw was the opportunity to deceive and make money.

But I have also seen the opposite. Some people have got great wealth too, because they first feel love towards others and start businesses that help meet other people’s growth needs. For example,  people like Dale Carnegie,  Anthony Robbins and other famous people who devoted their talents and lives to helping other people move forward.  

And there is also another kind of wealth. Some people love others and their point of view is to help others. These people will get wealth that is not measured in dollars and cents. Instead,  it is measured in caring,  kindness,  and the appreciation and admiration of others who they meet and deal with in their everyday life. They are quiet millionaires of life; millionaires with wealth that is not affected by the ups and downs of the stock market or the cost of daily necessities.

 【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。人生的财富有三种, 一种是不考虑他人的利益得失而得到的财富;一种是在关心爱护他人的基础上得到的财富;还有一种是不以金钱来衡量的财富——爱心、善良以及他人的感激和钦佩。你想要获得哪种财富呢?

5. The man mentioned in Para. 3 failed in the end because ______.  

A. he was deceived by others

B. he wasn’t good at deceiving

C. he didn’t want to help others

D. he made money in a wrong way

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段的内容可知, 本段讲的是一个靠诈骗获取钱财的男人最终锒铛入狱的例子, 由此可知这个男人失败的原因是他挣钱的方法是错误的, 故选D。

6. The underlined part “the opposite” in Para. 4 refers to those who______.  

A. get wealth by helping others

B. succeed by deceiving others

C. help others but ask for nothing

D. make efforts to meet other people’s needs

【解析】选A。 词义猜测题。文章第四段主要讲了与第三段中所讲例子相反的例子, 即有些人通过帮助他人来获得财富, 由此可知画线部分指的是靠帮助别人获得财富的人, 故选A。

7.  According to the author,  if you love and help others, ______.  

A. you will lose a lot of money

B. you won’t care about money

C. you will get another kind of wealth

D. you will make good money more easily

【解析】选C。 细节理解题。文章最后一段介绍了一种不以金钱来衡量的财富——爱心、善良以及他人的感激和钦佩。由此可知, 在作者看来, 如果你关爱和帮助他人, 你可以获得另外一种财富, 故选C。

8. What can be used as the best title of the passage?

A. Three ways to become wealthy

B. What do wealthy people have in common?

C. What kind of wealth would you rather get?

D. Loving and helping others brings you wealth

【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的内容可知, 作者主要是想让人们思考到底应该追寻哪种财富, 由此可知C项作为题目最佳。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. reconsider 　　　　　　v. 再考虑

2. stand in one’s way  挡道

3. disagree  v. 不同意

4. measure v. 测量

5. affect v. 影响

Ⅱ. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号

Kids and food: advice for parents

It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthy. Here are a few easy ways:

Parents control the supply lines.

　1　Though kids may keep asking for less nutritious (有营养的) foods,  parents should decide which foods are regularly provided in the house. Kids won’t go hungry. They’ll eat what’s available in the fridge at home.  

Say goodbye to the “clean-plate club”.

　2　Lots of parents grew up under the clean-plate rule,  but that way doesn’t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full. When kids feel full,  they’re less likely to overeat.  

　3　 

Food preferences are developed early in life,  so try to offer different kinds of food. Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies. Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasions for a child to accept it.

Food is not love.

Find better ways to say “I love you”. When foods are used to reward kids and show love,  they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy. 　4　 

Kids do as you do.

　5　When trying to teach good eating habits,  try to set the best example. Choose nutritious food,  eat at the table,  and don’t forget breakfasts.   

A. Start them young.

B. Rewrite the kids’ menu.

C. Be a role model and eat healthy yourself.

D. Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.

E. Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.

F. You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.

G. Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.

 【文章大意】本文是说明文, 作者向父母们提出了几点建议以确保孩子吃得健康。

1.  【解析】选F。由该段标题“Parents control the supply lines. ”和文中的“parents should decide. . . in the house”可如F项内容符合此处语境。

2.  【解析】选E。由该段标题“Say goodbye to the ‘clean-plate club’. ”和文中的“that way doesn’t help. . . when they are full”可知, 如果孩子感觉吃饱了就不要再强迫他们非得把盘子里的食物吃光, 这样对身体不好, 故选E项。

3. 【解析】选A。本段主要是说要帮助孩子从小养成不挑食的好习惯, 故用A项作为小标题很恰当。

4.  【解析】选D。由该段标题“Food is not love. ”和文中的“When foods are used. . . feeling worried or unhappy. ”可知, 作者建议不要用食物作为奖励, 而是应该给予表场和关注, 故选D项。

5.  【解析】选C。由该段标题“Kids do as you do. ”和文中的“When trying to teach good eating habits,  try to set the best example. ”可知, 要想培养孩子良好的饮食习惯, 父母首先要做到以身作则, 故选C项。

　【知识拓展】

Tips on children’s diet

·Make half of what is on your child’s plate fruit and vegetables.

·Choose healthy sources of protein,  such as lean meat,  nuts,  and eggs.

·Serve whole-grain breads and cereals because they are high in fiber. Reduce refined grains.

·Bake,  grill,  or steam foods instead of frying them.

·Limit fast food and junk food.

·Offer water or milk instead of sugary fruit drinks and sodas.

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2020·温州模拟)

为积极推进校园文化建设, 学校向学生征集“金点子”。假如你是李华, 请给学校校园文化建设负责人王老师写一封信, 提一个“金点子”并简述理由。

注意:

1. 词数80左右, 开头已为你写好, 不计入总词数;

2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

Dear Mr Wang,

Hearing that our school is asking for students’ ideas in order to promote the campus cultural construction,  

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Mr Wang,

Hearing that our school is asking for students’ ideas in order to promote the campus cultural construction,  I am going to put forward one of mine.

From my perspective,  we should put up celebrities’ photos with their introduction and quotes on some of our school walls. The merits of this practice are evident. Firstly,  it can create a cultural atmosphere,  making the campus more attractive. Secondly,  these photos can hopefully serve as spiritual motivation for us students and thus stimulate us to study harder or even make a commitment to contributing in different fields.

I would appreciate it if you could adopt my proposal.