高三英语大一轮复习4-1 Unit 4 earthquakes核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  四　必修1　 Unit 4　Earthquakes

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

With the undeniable increase in greenhouse emissions on Earth,  there can be no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer,  and scientific studies have proven that if we carry on living the way we do,  then global temperatures will rise even more.

So what exactly does this mean for the future of our planet? Global warming will in fact cause extreme weather conditions,  meaning that our winters would be even colder than they are now. More than that,  warmer temperatures will lead to the melting of ice in the north and south poles,  which in turn will lead to rising sea levels across the globe. This is particularly troubling for low coastal regions and some island countries. In 1 000 years or so,  all these places will be flooded underwater.

So where will we be able to live? Unless we can find a way to evolve into mermaids and mermen,  which doesn’t look promising,  the only solution is to move elsewhere. There will be little choice left once a large proportion of the land is lost to the sea,  and other remaining places will be so hot that it will be absolutely impossible for us to survive. Countries that we consider to be hot these days will be even more so if temperatures increase by 5,  10,  even 15 degrees. It is possible,  then,  that the once frozen poles of the Arctic and Antarctica will be suitable enough to live in,  having melted its ice and warmed up.

It’s scary to think of our descendents(后代) struggling to survive in a virtually uninhabitable world. Perhaps if people start to realize how their actions now can have such an impact on future generations,  they will change their attitude and start to think more about caring for the environment. If not,  we’ll be living in a world underwater and will need to think of a way to turn ourselves into mermaids!

【文章大意】如果不改变我们现在的生活方式, 地球温度将继续上升, 导致海水上涨, 低海拔地区将被淹没, 其他地区也将热得无法生存, 人们不得不进化成“美人鱼”!

1. What about our planet in 1 000 years according to the text?

A. There will be more water.

B. Winter will become mild.

C. Low-lying islands will disappear.

D. Sea levels will rise in the polar regions. 

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 如果气温继续上升, 大约1 000年后, 低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没。故选C。

2.  What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A. Hot places today will become colder.

B. Humans might evolve into mermaids.

C. Fewer places will be suitable to live.

D. The earth will be totally covered by water.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知, 气候持续变暖会导致海平面上升, 淹没大部分地区, 适合人们居住的空间越来越小。C选项符合题意。

3.  What does the author appeal to people to do?

A. Care for the environment.

B. Learn to live like a mermaid.

C. Take good care of our children.

D. Struggle for our survival.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“they will change their attitude and start to think more about caring for the environment”可知, 作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度, 多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。

4.  Which word can describe the author’s attitude towards global warming?

A. Optimistic.  　　　　　B. Worried.

C. Terrified.      D. Unconcerned.

【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“It’s scary to think of our descendents struggling to survive in a virtually uninhabitable world. ”可知, 作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。故选B。scary作形容词, 意为“使人惊慌的”。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. temperature　　　 n. 温度;气温

2. extreme  adj.  极端的

3. melt  v. 融化

4. particularly  adv. 尤其;特别地

5. absolutely  adv. 绝对地;完全地

6. generation  n. 一代;一代人

7. impact  n. &v. 影响

　　　　　　　　　　B世纪金榜导学号

　　Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible.

Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast. Rawat provides information about cancer cells for a computer. He says this data helps the machine learn. “You can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is important to making decisions. ”

David Agus is another USC researcher. He says machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients,  but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself. Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed,  doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. ”

Currently,  researchers take a thin piece of tissue,  put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning,  it can recognize complex patterns,  or structures,  and learn how the cells are organized.

The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. “All of a sudden,  we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We couldn’t have done this,  we didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago,  but now it’s all changed. ” Agus adds that the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world. He says that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.

The University of Southern California researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介绍人工智能, 并解释了它在治疗癌症中的作用, 希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。

5.  In Rishi Rawat’s research,  ______.  

A.  the data put into computers contributes to cancer recognition

B. many cancers are being studied at the moment

C. machine learning has replaced doctors’ work

D. the focus is on the cure for cancer

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Rawat provides information about cancer cells for a computer. He says this data helps the machine learn. “You can put the data into computers and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is important to making decisions. ”可知, 在Rishi Rawat的研究中, 输入电脑的数据有助于对癌症的识别。故选A。

6. What is the purpose of David Agus’s words in Paragraph 3 ?

A. To provide some advice for doctors.

B. To introduce the development of cancer.

C. To appeal to scientists to research into cancer.

D. To explain the function of AI in treating cancer.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning,  it can recognize complex patterns,  or structures,  and learn how the cells are organized. “科学家们表示, 人工智能可以做的不仅仅是计数细胞。通过机器学习, 它可以识别复杂的模式或结构, 并了解细胞是如何组织的。”可知, 在第三段David Agus所说的话是用来解释人工智能在治疗癌症中的作用的。故选D。

7.  What can we infer from the text?

A. AI can make decisions for doctors.

B. Developing countries might be lack of funds.

C. AI will hopefully make an accurate identification of cancer.

D. Computing power has long helped with the identification of cancer.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段中The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. “希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。”可知, C项正确。

8. What is the author’s attitude towards AI used in treating cancer?

A. Positive. 　　　　　　 B. Indifferent.

C. Doubtful.      D. Negative.

【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据最后一段The University of Southern California researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer. “南加州大学的研究人员目前只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测, 人工智能终有一天会在所有癌症中发挥作用。”可知, 作者对人工智能治疗癌症的态度是“积极的, 肯定的”。故选A。

【知识拓展】长难句分析

(Para. 3)Computers will not treat patients,  but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.

分析:这是一个由but连接的并列句;that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词things。

翻译:计算机不会治疗病人, 但它们会协助做出某些判断, 并寻找人类大脑无法自己识别的东西。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

　　On the snowy morning of January 28,  I only planned to take my garbage out before heading straight back inside. However,  while taking the garbage out to the　1　 along the road,  my four-year-old black Labrador,  Midnight,  started acting 　2　. Her ears perked up (竖起)　3　 me. I had 　4　 seen her make that expression.  

I felt something might be 　5　,  so I let Midnight 　6　 the way and followed her over to my 　7　 neighbor’s house. When we got to a spot on the other side of the home,  we 　8　 87-year-old Noreen lying in the 　9　. I figured she had been out there at least one and a half hours. Hurriedly,  I 　10　 her up and brought her into my home.  

Once inside,  my wife and I made sure she wasn’t seriously injured and 　11　 she didn’t have frostbite (冻伤). However,  her hands were already 　12　 so we helped her warm up and gave her dry 　13　. Later Noreen explained to me she had gone out earlier that 　14　 to fill her bird feeder before the temperature 　15　 even further the following day but she was 　16　in the snow after taking a 　17　 and hadn’t been able to get up on her own.  

Noreen is now much better but knows how 　18　 she came to losing her life. She was grateful. “Midnight is without doubt the reason I am still 　19　 today, ” said Noreen.  

Without Midnight I would never have seen Noreen lying on the ground. We’ve been very 　20　 of her because it’s not every dog that pays attention to things like this.  

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了在一个极度寒冷的早晨, 一只拉布拉多犬的异常行为, 引起了主人的关注, 跟随他的狗, 他发现87岁的邻居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻对老人进行救助, 最后老人脱离危险。

1. A. car　　B. mailbox　　C. dustbin　　D. court

【解析】选C。根据上下文以及常识, 作者把垃圾拿出去放入外面路边的垃圾箱里(dustbin)。car“车”;mailbox“邮箱”;court“网球场”。

2. A. happily  B. strangely

C. naturally  D. normally

【解析】选B。根据下文描述, 那天早晨作者4岁的拉布拉多犬行为很奇怪(strangely), 这才会引起主人的关注。happily“高兴地”;naturally“自然地”;normally“正常地”。

3. A. looking at B. walking beside

C. looking after D. listening to

【解析】选A。根据第一段最后一个单词expression“表情”, 可以推断出来, 作者的狗竖着耳朵看着(looking at)他, 表情不寻常。walking beside“走在……旁边”;looking after“照看”;listening to“听着”。

4. A. ever   B. just

C. only    D. never

【解析】选D。根据上下文, 作者从来没有(never)见到过他的狗有那种表情。

5. A. unique  B. special

C. wrong   D. sharp

【解析】选C。根据上文他的狗的异样行为和表情, 作者感觉到出了什么事情。something is wrong“出了什么事情”;unique“独特的”;special“特殊的”;sharp“锋利的”。

6. A. pass   B. leave

C. clear   D. lead

【解析】选D。根据上下文, 作者感觉到出了什么事情后, 让狗领路, 跟着狗去看看究竟发生了什么事情。lead the way“领路”。

7. A. elderly  B. former

C. young   D. sick

【解析】选A。根据下文87-year-old Noreen, 可以知道是上了年纪的(elderly)邻居。former“以前的”;young“年轻的”;sick“有病的”。

8. A. found  B. remembered

C. recognized  D. knew

【解析】选A。根据上下文, 作者发现(found)87岁的邻居正躺在雪地里。

9. A. water B. snow

C. field D. wind

【解析】选B。根据文章开头提到的snowy morning以及后面in the snow, 得知这里老邻居是躺在雪地里。

10. A. put   B. lifted

C. took    D. woke

【解析】选B。当作者意识到老人躺在雪地里至少一个半小时时, 立刻把她抬起来(lifted up)并带回家。put up “建起”, took up“从事、拿起、占据”;woke up“唤醒”。

11. A. understood   B. checked

C. promised    D. predicted

【解析】选B。根据上下文, 作者和妻子检查(checked)一下看看老人是否有冻伤。understood“理解”;promised“承诺”;predicted“预测”。

12. A. black  B. white

C. blue    D. pink

【解析】选C。根据上下文及常识, 她的手已经冻的发青(blue)了。

13. A. food  B. towel

C. clothes   D. bed

【解析】选C。根据上下文和常识, 老人在雪地里躺了一个半小时, 衣服肯定湿了, 推断出作者给她换上干的衣服(clothes), 给她保暖。

14. A. morning   B. afternoon

C. evening     D. night

【解析】选A。文章一开始就交代On the snowy morning of January 28, 所以这里选择morning。

15. A. rose    B. stayed

C. turned    D. dropped

【解析】选D。根据上下文, 后来老人解释道, 那天清晨, 老人趁气温进一步下降(dropped)前出去给她的喂鸟器填充食物。

16. A. struggling   B. sleeping

C. expecting    D. surviving

【解析】选A。根据上下文推断, 老人在雪地里摔倒了之后, 在雪地里挣扎(struggling), 试图站起来, 但是没有成功。其他不符合语境:sleeping“睡觉”;expecting“期待”;surviving“生存”。

17. A. break   B. fall   C. breath   D. step

【解析】选B。根据上下文推断出来, 老人是在雪地里摔倒了, 爬不起来。take a fall“摔了一跤”;take a break“休息一下”;take a breath “喘口气”;take a step“采取措施; 迈出一步”。

18. A. narrow   B. painful

C. close    D. hopeless

【解析】选C。Noreen现在好多了, 但她知道自己差点丢了性命。be close to doing “接近”, 固定搭配。narrow“狭窄的”;painful“痛苦的”;hopeless“没有希望的”。

19. A. dead  B. lucky  C. free     D. alive

【解析】选D。根据上下文可知:邻居Noreen说, 她能活着(alive)多亏了Midnight。

20. A. afraid  B. aware   C. ashamed  D. proud

【解析】选D。根据上下文, 作者为自己的狗救人的事迹感到自豪(proud)。be proud of “为……而自豪”;be afraid of“害怕”;be aware of “意识到”;be ashamed of “为……而羞愧”。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

We can live for weeks without food,  days without water,  but only a few minutes without air. The quality of the air we breathe is 1. ________(extreme)important for overall health and wellbeing. Air pollution is a major cause of death 2. ________ illness in the world. While there are several natural sources of air pollution,  human activities,  among 3. ________ industry,  heating and transport are the most severe,  have made a significant contribution 4. ________ air pollution over centuries,  particularly after the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 1700s. Nowadays,  outdoor air pollutants include fine particles from industry,  agriculture or burning fossil fuels,  5. ________ (harm) gases,  ozone,  and tobacco smoke. Indoor air pollution levels are partly 6. ________ (relate) to how well ventilated(通风) indoor spaces are. Indoor air pollutants include gases and very tiny matter from 7. ________ (cook),  various household chemicals,  building materials,  tobacco smoke,  and mould spores. Reducing air pollution is best 8. ________ (deal)with at the regional or national level. The move to renewable energy sources 9. ________ (have) the potential to completely reduce air pollution levels by avoiding one of the major 10. ________ (cause) of air pollution: burning fossil fuels.  

【文章大意】本文主要讲述空气的重要性, 并列出了室外和室内的主要污染物。

1. 【解析】extremely。 考查词性转换。此处为副词修饰形容词important。

2. 【解析】and。考查连词。此处and用于连接并列名词death和illness。

3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。

4. 【解析】 to。 考查介词。make a contribution to为固定搭配, 表示“对……做贡献;有助于”。

5. 【解析】harmful。考查形容词。此处列举有害的污染物, 修饰gases, 意为:有害的气体。

6. 【解析】 related。考查非谓语动词。be related to为固定搭配, 表示“与……有关”。

7. 【解析】cooking。考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。

8. 【解析】dealt。 考查语态。此处reducing air pollution 与deal with为被动关系。

9. 【解析】 has。考查主谓一致。此句主语the move为单数。

10. 【解析】 causes。考查名词复数。此处为“one of+复数名词”结构, cause表“原因”, 为可数名词。

　【知识拓展】误区警示

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 一般考查介词的选择, 但有时给出介词, 要求考生填关系代词。这时考生受到母语影响, 往往不注意语法结构, 而填普通代词。如第3题容易误填them。