高三英语大一轮复习6-2 Unit 1 cultural relics核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  六　必修2　 Unit 1　Cultural relics

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　One of the most famous archaeological discoveries in all of history is The Terracotta Army. They were found by farmers digging for a well on the outskirts of Xi’an in 1974. Becoming a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987, the spectacular figures continue to attract millions of visitors from all over the world. Yet the excavations(发掘) are unfinished.

　　Famously, archaeological work at the site and the accompanying tomb of the First Qin Emperor has been allowed to slow down until technology advances enough to preserve the artefacts currently buried underground. In addition to this, safety concerns have been raised regarding the unusually high levels of mercury (水银)found on the soil. It is supposed that this is from the mercury streams which were inlaid in the floor of the burial chamber, but only time will tell if this ancient tale is true.

　　Currently 8000 soldiers have been found, each one with a distinctively different look. This was achieved through an early use of assembly-line-type construction. The warriors were assembled with 8 different heads to choose from, and features being added with additional clay by skilled craftsmen.

　　Studying the warriors and their horses offers historians an important insight into this period in Chinese history. The technology used to assemble the underground army was truly remarkable. Over 40, 000 bronze weapons were found, and after more than 2000 years they still appear sharp. How is this possible? The ancient Chinese managed to use protective chrome plating (镀铬), something which was thought to have been invented in Germany in 1937! 

　　When it is completely uncovered, the sight will truly be spectacular and much more will be understood about China’s first Emperor and the level of technology the ancient Chinese possessed.

【文章大意】本文是说明文。介绍了兵马俑的发掘以及中国古代的工艺技术。

1. How was The Terracotta Army found?

A. By accident.

B. By detecting.

C. Through careful search.

D. Through farmers’ honesty.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段可知, 农民在挖井时, 偶然发现了兵马俑, 故选A。

2. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?

A. The reasons for slowing down the excavations.

B. The archaeological work of The Terracotta Army.

C. The mercury in the tomb of the First Qin Emperor.

D. The technology to preserve the unearthed relics.

【解析】选A。段落大意题。本段主要讲述了放慢挖掘速度的两个原因。故选A。

3. What do we know about the Terracotta Warriors from this text?

A. They appear the same.

B. Every warrior is distinct.

C. There are eight kinds of figures.

D. They were completed on assembly lines.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 8000多个兵马俑看起来各自不同。故选B。

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the technology possessed by ancient Chinese?

A. Concerned. 　　　　　 B. Uninterested.

C. Doubtful.   D. Admiring.

【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据最后两段内容以及第四段中“The technology used to assemble the underground army was truly remarkable. ”可知, 作者对中国古代的技术是持钦佩和赞赏态度的。故选D。

【知识拓展】背景链接

　　In March of 1974, some farmers in Xi’an began digging a well to find a water resource on some waste land. Firstly, they found some unique red soil about 2-meter in depth underground. Then they found a life-sized terracotta warrior. Thereafter, they continued to find some bronze arrows, crossbows and broken warriors from the well. Since then, the terracotta army has gradually become known to the world.

　　　　　　　　　　　B世纪金榜导学号

　　In recent years,  cursive (草书的) writing has slowly disappeared from our national school curriculums. But cursive writing is making a comeback at one New York City school. Fox’s Audrey Puente explains why the school is turning back time to help its students in the future.

A principal in Brooklyn is helping students move towards the future by turning back time. “It’s super important that we all think about putting it back into the school system. ” Cheryl Lundy-Swift is the principal of the Summit Academy Charter School in Red Hook. She says cursive writing is a skill that’s still worth teaching. “There are many,  many jobs that require handwriting. . .  doctors,  teachers,  nurses. It’s really important from a life skills perspective, ” Lundy-Swift said.

Eighth grader Tiye-La Williams agrees. “Most of the time when teachers grade your work and give you feedback,  it’s in cursive. You have to read it and understand it. ” Williams said.

Cursive writing has been in the U. S. schools for over 300 years. Until the 1970s,  beautiful handwriting was a separate lesson and even given a separate grade on report cards. Today,  more time is given to technology — possibly affecting the study of historical documents. “Like the Declaration of Independence, for example,  is in fact written in cursive. It’s important for them to look at that document and not think it’s a foreign language to them, ” Lundy-Swift said. “If I know how to write in it,  I can read it better. ”

A combination of communication tactics would better serve students. “I really want our scholars to be able to communicate effectively,  leading the way for confident future leaders. In today’s world,  that should be handwriting,  keyboarding,  tablets and such, ” Lundy-Swift said. “It really shows other people what we’re really capable of. ”

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了学校要重视草书学习的理由, 纽约一所中学的校长提出草书学习的几个重要性。

5. What does Cheryl Lundy-Swift think of cursive writing?

A. It is an important life skill.

B. It was only useful in history.

C. It needs learning for leaders.

D. It is familiar to the students.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“She says cursive writing is a skill that’s still worth teaching. ‘There are many,  many jobs that require handwriting. . . doctors,  teachers,  nurses. It’s really important from a life skills perspective, ’ Lundy-Swift said. ”可知, Lundy-Swift认为草书仍然是一种值得教授的技能, 有很多工作都需要手写。故选A。

6. Why does the eighth grader feel it necessary to learn cursive writing?

A. Teachers can give students quick feedback.

B. The teachers will give them good grades.

C. Students can’t understand it in class.

D. The teachers usually use it in teaching.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Most of the time when teachers grade your work and give you feedback,  it’s in cursive. You have to read it and understand it. ’ Williams said. ”可知, 这个8年级的学生威廉认为, 大多数时候老师都用草书给学生作业评分、反馈等, 所以学生必须要读懂老师的话。故选D。

7. Why is the Declaration of Independence used as an example in paragraph 4?

A. To encourage students to study American historical documents.

B. To introduce the relationship between cursive writing and history.

C. To show ignoring cursive writing affects the study of historical documents.

D. To stress the importance to study cursive instead of technology.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段“Today,  more time is given to technology — possibly affecting the study of historical documents. ‘Like the Declaration of Independence,  for example,  is in fact written in cursive. It’s important for them to look at that document and not think it’s a foreign language to them, ’ Lundy-Swift said. ”可知, 用《独立宣言》做例子是说明美国很多文献都是用草书写的, 今天, 大家忽视草书、更多关注现在技术, 这样导致他们读不懂文献。故选C。

8. What is the text mainly about?

A. A principal’s decision made for her students.

B. The reasons of a school’s teaching cursive writing.

C. A combination of cursive writing and technology.

D. The popularity of cursive writing at school.

【解析】选B。文章大意题。根据全文大意, 尤其第一段点出全文的主题“But cursive writing is making a comeback at one New York City school. Fox’s Audrey Puente explains why the school is turning back time to help its students in the future. ”可知, 草书书写正在纽约市的一所学校卷土重来。福克斯的奥德丽·普恩特解释了为什么学校要重新去重视草书教育来帮助学生。故选B。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

　　The “Chong Yang Festival” is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. 　1　.  

　　Climbing Mountains

　　People like to climb mountains on this festival, so Double Ninth Festival is also called “Mountain-climbing Festival”.

　　The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing. 　2　. It is really refreshing to climb mountains and enjoy the beauty of nature at this bright and clear time in autumn.  

　　Climbing mountains also indicates “climbing to a higher position”. Another reason why climbing mountains are valued by people, especially by the elderly is that it has a meaning of “climbing to ligneous life”. Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty. 　3　.  

　　Drinking Chrysanthemum Flower(菊花) Wine

　　The chrysanthemum flower wine is unique in brewing. In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine. 　4　. The wine is said to have wholesome effects on sharpness of the eye, drop of high blood pressure, reduction of weight and removal of stomach trouble, thus contributing to longevity.  

　　　5　 

　　The Double Ninth cake is also known as “flower cake”. It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the cake was originally prepared after autumn harvests for farmers to have a taste of what was just in season, and it gradually grew into the present cake for people to eat on the Double Ninth Day.

A. Eating Double Ninth Cake

B. Making “flower cake” with friends

C. A lot of poems were devoted to this custom

D. So people love to go sightseeing this month

E. It would not be drunk until the same day next year

F. Here are some traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival

G. But few Chinese people are aware of the importance of the festival

【文章大意】本文介绍了中国的传统节日——重阳节。

1. 【解析】选F。文章介绍了重阳节的一些习俗, F项符合文意, 故填F。

2. 【解析】选D。根据上文The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing. 可知, 农历九月, 秋高气爽, 空气清新, 是观光的好时节。抓住关键词sightseeing, 下文也涉及了sightseeing, 所以人们喜欢这个月去观光, 故填D。

3. 【解析】选C。根据上文Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty. 可知, 重阳节登山在唐代就已经流行了。由此推知下文要说到流行的证据, 也就是很多诗都是关于这一习俗的, 故填C。

4. 【解析】选E。根据上文In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine. 可知, 在古代, 人们通常在9月9日采摘新鲜的菊花和叶子, 然后把它们和谷物混合到酒里。介绍了菊花酒的酿造, 要到来年的这一天, 才拿出来喝, 故填E。

5. 【解析】选A。根据下文对重阳糕的介绍, 可知这一部分主要介绍了重阳糕这一食物, 故填A。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

　　假如你是李华, 经常跟你的美国朋友Jim通信介绍彼此国家的节日和习俗。请你给他写一封邮件介绍当地中秋节的习俗。

内容包括:1. 节日时间;2. 家人团聚, 赏月;3. 给长辈送月饼;

4. 假期旅游。

注意:1. 词数80左右;

 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

Dear Jim,

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

 Yours,

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Jim,

How is everything going? This time,  I’ll tell you something about Mid-autumn Festival,  which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.

It falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month,  when the moon is full and bright. Most of the people will go home on this day for a reunion with their families wherever they are and they usually have a reunion dinner while enjoying the bright moon. Also,  in most parts of China,  it is a usual practice to give moon cakes to the elderly relatives,  such as grandparents,  aunts and uncles,  to show respect to them. These years,  more people choose to travel with family members to celebrate this festival.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【备选要点】

阅读理解

　　The year 2018 marked the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic(瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical record-keeping, we may never know the exact number.

　　The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death. ” The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young, healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people.

　　Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250, 000 to 500, 000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines(疫苗) which offer immunity(免疫) from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.

　　Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.

　　To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2019, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the U. S. announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2019. The Human Vaccines Project, a public-private partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, today’s seasonal flu vaccine remains important.

【文章大意】2018是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年。1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5000万人死亡。可见流感病毒比战争更致命。为了阻止下一次大流行, 科学家们正在研究如何制造一种通用流感疫苗。

1. What do we know about the influenza in 1918?

A. It swept across the whole Europe.

B. No one survived the first few days.

C. It killed the largest number of people.

D. It struck only young and healthy people.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段The year 2018 marked the 100th anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. 得知2018是历史上最致命的流感爆发的第100周年。科学家估计, 1918年的流感大流行导致全世界超过5000万人死亡。故选C。

2. Why is influenza difficult to protect against?

A. It spreads too rapidly.

B. It is quite easy to catch.

C. No vaccine is available.

D. It’s hard to judge the form of virus.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines. . . But they can only guess which strain of the virus will spread. 得知每年, 医学科学家都在研制流感疫苗。但他们只能猜测病毒的哪种菌株会传播。可以推断出流感仍然难以抵御是因为专家不能确定病毒的形式, 故选D。

3. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning H1N1 in 2009?

A. New forms of flu virus keep appearing.

B. It was the most serious in recent years.

C. It was caused by the same flu virus of 1918.

D. The H1N1 virus was deadly as well.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. 卫生官员仍对另一场流感大流行感到担忧。新的流感病毒菌株定期出现。其中一个例子是2009年的 “猪流感” 或甲型H1N1 流感疫情。得知举例是为了说明新的流感病毒还在不断出现, 故选A。

4. What can we learn about the universal influenza vaccine?

A. The development is quite costly.

B. It will be used all over the world.

C. It can protect against all forms of flu.

D. It will soon come into use in 2019.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. 得知研究人员正在领导国际社会努力研制一种通用流感疫苗, 以保护每个人抵御世界上任何地方的流感病毒, 故选C。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. anniversary　　 　n. 周年纪念日

2. estimate v. 估计

3. be concerned about 关心;挂念

4. victim n. 受害人;牺牲品

5. symptom n. 症状

6. effectively adv. 有效地

7. universal adj. 通用的

8. available adj. 可获得的;可用的