高三英语大一轮复习7-2 Unit 2 the Olympic Games核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  七　必修2　 Unit 2　The Olympic Games

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　Breakdancing is set to make its debut(首次亮相) as an Olympic sport at Paris 2024, Tony Estanguet, head of the Paris organizing committee, said on February 21. Skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing which have already been added to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, have been invited to return in Paris.

　　Estanguet said the choices responded to a need to make the Olympics “more urban” and “more artistic”. “We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision. They reflect perfectly Paris 2024’s identity. ”

　　Breakdancing is an example of a sport “which can be played anywhere and anytime in urban and other environments. ” It appeared at the 2018 Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires in the form of head-to-head “battles”. In competitive breakdancing, breakers face off in “battles” against each other, either as individuals or teams. Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics(杂技).

　　The IOC had announced that the number of competitors at Paris 2024 would be restricted to 10, 500, which limited the opportunity to add sports. But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, including 32 breakdancers. The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf center such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France.

　　The inclusion still needs to be rubberstamped by the IOC, which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris after next year’s Tokyo Games.

【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。巴黎组委会主席托尼·埃斯坦盖表示, 霹雳舞将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。文章介绍了将霹雳舞等运动纳入奥运会的原因、意义等相关信息。

1. What do we know about breakdancing?

A. It involves multiple skills.

B. It’s limited to group competition.

C. It will show up in Paris 2024.

D. It never appeared in the world events.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics. ”可知, 霹雳舞者既使用体操又使用艺术技能, 将来自体操或杂技的因素结合在了一起。由此可知, 霹雳舞需要多种技能。故A选项正确。

2. Paris organizers have chosen the four sports because they ______.  

A. attract young people

B. perfectly reflect Paris’ identity

C. make Paris more urban and artistic

D. can be played anytime and anywhere

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision. ”可知, 因为这四项运动具有创造性, 吸引年轻人, 完全符合委员会的愿景。故A选项切题。

3. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A. 10, 500 competitors will compete for the new sports.

B. More surf centers will be specially designed for Paris 2024.

C. The IOC will reject the proposal because of inadequate facilities.

D. The inclusion won’t require additional competition space to be built.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, including 32 breakdancers. The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf center such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France. ”可知, 这项计划不需要建造永久性设施, 只涉及248名参赛者, 其中包括32名霹雳舞参赛者。冲浪比赛很可能在法国西南部的比亚里茨或拉卡诺等既定的冲浪中心举行。由此推知, 这项计划不会再需要重建额外的场地。故D选项正确。

4. Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “rubberstamped”?

A. Approved. 　　　　　　　 B. Canceled.

C. Submitted.      D. Designed.

【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据“which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris after next year’s Tokyo Games. ”可知, 国际奥委会将在明年东京奥运会后决定在巴黎(奥运会)增加哪些体育项目。由此推知, 前面应该指“增加这些比赛项目仍然需要国际奥委会的同意”。故该划线词应表示“同意, 认可”这样的意思, 故A选项切题。

B

　　Mountain bike races in South Africa are very common and one of the best ways to really experience the sport is to enter an MTB race. Competing is good fun and a challenge for all who participate but for some it means real competition and racing for some good MTB race results. These MTB events are almost always out in the country in some beautiful locations with routes that often are only rideable for the event. Staying over and seeing more of South Africa, meeting other riders and generally just hanging out is what makes it all so attractive. These events may be called races but for most they are really just personal challenges and a way to get out and ride.

　　Every year the race calendar seems to get longer and offer more options to mountain bikers. Not only are the number of events increasing, but the number of different types of events have also increased in the last few years. Traditional club, provincial and national mountain bike cross country race was the cornerstone of racing. Then there were also some classic endurance mountain bike races and marathon events. But as more and more people started entering races the classic distances of 60km-80km were a bit long for new comers. This led to half marathons in the 30-40km range, making mountain bike racing more accessible to more people.

　　But at the same time the longer endurance multi-day mountain biking events have also become very popular. Now there are several multi-day mountain bike races around. 24-hour MTB races have also gained popularity. They had been around for a while, but recently sponsors and organizers have put together a 24-hour MTB series that takes place around the country. Night riding and racing is another new area which has become popular. With the use of special bright night lights, mountain biking at night has brought another whole dimension to riding your everyday trail.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 介绍了南非山地车赛的流行和发展。

5. Why do many people take part in Mountain bike races in South Africa?

A. Because the races are funny.

B. Because the winners will be awarded.

C. Because many bike routes are rideable.

D. Because they like the challenge of competing.

【解析】选D。细节推理题。根据第一段中Competing is good fun and a challenge for all who participate. . . 可知, 对所有参赛者来说, 山地自行车赛既有趣又具有挑战性。由此可推知, 参赛者喜欢这种挑战, 故选D。

6. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 2?

A. A stone at the corner.

B. Something that is hard.

C. Something essential.

D. A monument stone.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据后面的Then there were also some. . . (然后还有一些……)可知, 上一句提到的应该是更主要的赛事。由此可推知C项符合句意。

7. Which of the following races is new?

A. 24-hour MTB series.

B. Multi-day mountain bike race.

C. Classic endurance mountain bike race.

D. National mountain bike cross country race.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中but recently sponsors and organizers have put together a 24-hour MTB series. . . 可知, 24小时山地车系列赛是最近才有的一项赛事。故选A。

8. What can be inferred from this passage?

A. New events are more interesting than old ones.

B. Mountain bike races develop fast in South Africa.

C. All the mountain bike races are for professionals.

D. South Africa has the most mountain bike races in the world.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了山地车赛事在南非的流行和发展。根据第二段中Every year the race calendar seems to get longer and offer more options to mountain bikers. 以及最后一段中的描述, 可知, 山地车赛在南非发展非常快。故选B。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. challenge　　　vt. 向挑战; n.  挑战

2. participate vi. 参加

3. rideable adj. 可以行驶的

4. generally adv.  通常;普遍地

5. attractive adj. 吸引人的;有魅力的

6. traditional adj.  传统的;惯例的

Ⅱ. 完形填空世纪金榜导学号

　　Soon after my arrival in Luanda, I realized that I was going to have some free time available. I decided to 　1　 it doing something useful and involving with the 　2　 community.  

　　I started my research for volunteering opportunities here and a blog post 　3　 my eye. It was Ashima’s 　4　 on how she started her 　5　 journey in Luanda. Ashima has been volunteering at the Foundation for Art and Culture for more than a year. I decided to 　6　 with them and soon after I got a very warm and welcoming 　7　 inviting me to the foundation. The next day as I 　8　 into the foundation little did I know it would become such a 　9　 part of my life in Luanda. I was a bit hesitant 　10　 as I had never worked with children before and my Portuguese then was much 　11　 than now. But as I slowly started doing some activities with children, there were not any 　12　. All that you 　13　 was a heart full of love and everyone 　14　 the language of love.  

　　I found plenty of 　15　 to do with kids, keeping them busy and having fun. Together we played, sang, learned new things, 　16　 new games and reinvented the old.  

　　The children coming to the Foundation are wonderful, and full of 　17　 and energy. It is a beautiful place with wonderful projects. Without doubt it is the best 　18　 I could have found in Luanda, and I am very 　19　 to go there as often as I can. The staff 　20　 there really make me feel welcome and at home.  

【文章大意】本文属于记叙文。作者接触到了一个志愿组织, 从此开启了一段有意义的生活。

1. A. spend　　B. spare　　C. enjoy　　D. kill

【解析】选A。空格后面的it指上文提到的free time, 作者想把这些时间花在有用的事情上。故选A。

2. A. foreign B. new C. whole D. local

【解析】选D。根据下文中“I started my research for volunteering opportunities here”的关键信息here可知, 此处应指本地社区。故选D。

3. A. hurt B. fogged C. caught D. escaped

【解析】选C。此处意为, 一篇博文吸引了我。catch my eye“吸引了我的眼球”, 习惯搭配。故选C。

4. A. post B. opinion C. comment D. plan

【解析】选A。此处复指上句中提到的那篇博文。故选A。

5. A. business  B. volunteering

C. sightseeing  D. adventure

【解析】选B。根据上句可知, 作者在搜寻本地有关的志愿机会, 所以吸引我眼球的应该是Ashima的志愿旅行的博文。故选B。

6. A. get along  B. catch up

C. fit in  D. get in touch

【解析】选D。作者从Ashima的博文中知道了the Foundation for Art and Culture这个组织, 因此作者决定与这个组织取得联系。故选D。

7. A. sense  B. response

C. reception  D. ceremony

【解析】选B。根据空格后面的内容可知, 作者与这个组织联系之后, 很快得到邀请参加的回复(response)。故选B。

8. A. walked B. ran C. broke D. turned

【解析】选A。作者接到邀请后, 很快来到这个组织, 在四个选项中, 只有walk 符合语境。故选A。

9. A. efficient B. short C. beautiful D. minor

【解析】选C。根据下文的描述可知, 作者在这家组织过得很愉快。所以此处意为, 当来到这个组织时, 一点也不知道这将成为自己在罗安达的生活中如此幸福的一段。故选C。

10. A. initially  B. actually

C. recently  D. eventually

【解析】选A。此处紧接上文, 进一步描写作者初到这家组织时的情况, 感到有些犹豫。故选A。

11. A. slower  B. easier C. poorer D. less

【解析】选C。此处指作者初到这个组织时的困难, 一是没有做儿童工作的经验, 二是说不好葡萄牙语。be poor in. . . “在……方面很差” 故选C。

12. A. conversations B. languages

C. barriers  D. methods

【解析】选C。根据句首的But可知, 虽然初来时感到有些困难, 但作者慢慢地开始跟孩子们做一些活动, 发现并没有什么障碍。故选C。

13. A. desired  B. required C. had D. needed

【解析】选D。此处对作者的工作感受进行归纳, 即, 这个工作需要的(needed)只是一颗充满爱的心。故选D。

14. A. spoke  B. learned

C. recommended D. heard

【解析】选A。这里的每个人都说(spoke)一种爱的语言。而不是学习(learned), 推荐(recommended)或听说(heard)。

15. A. jobs  B. activities

C. favors  D. researches

【解析】选B。根据下文内容, 我们在一起玩耍, 学习新东西, 创造新游戏和改变旧游戏可知, 作者发现在这里有很多活动(activities)可做。故选B。

16. A. taught  B. appreciated  C. created D. bought

【解析】选C。此处动词与后面的reinvented并列, 意思也应该接近,  C选项符合句意。故选C。

17. A. love  B. view  C. surprise D. faith

【解析】选A。此处复指上文“a heart full of love and everyone ______the language of love”提到的爱心。故选A。 

18. A. chance  B. company C. place D. way

【解析】选C。这里复指上句 “It is a beautiful place” 中提到的地方。故选C。

19. A. busy  B. happy C. sorry D. curious

【解析】选B。根据故事内容可知, 作者对这个地方充满好感, 所以, 很高兴经常来这里。故选B。

20. A. competing B. arriving

C. appearing  D. working

【解析】选D。根据主语staff可知, 在这里工作的员工让作者感到受欢迎, 很自在。故选D。

【备选要点】

　　Blood pressure is a measure of the force of the blood being pumped through the arteries(动脉) and is determined by both the amount of blood being pumped and the resistance to pressure in the arteries. High blood pressure is a dangerous condition that has no clear symptoms and can easily go unnoticed for many years. When high blood pressure occurs, small blood vessels in the body are damaged, including those in important organs such as the heart and kidneys. The high blood pressure can also force a balloon-like swelling into artery or blood vessel walls that can affect organs’ functions, or even burst. Arteries that are more flexible can cope better with the normal changes in blood pressure that occur throughout the day.

　　The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was developed specially to help people with high blood pressure. Other diet plans, such as the Nordic and Mediterranean diets are also effective. What these diets all have in common are plenty of fruit, vegetables and whole grains, proper amounts of fish and dairy, beans, nuts and seeds, and low levels of meat, alcohol and sugary foods. Several changes in the composition of these heart-friendly diets compared to average diets promote heart health. The microelements in these diets help to maintain a normal blood pressure. The consumption of dietary fiber has been associated with improvements in blood pressure. Resveratrol (白藜芦醇)found in red wine, berries and peanuts, have been shown to improve blood pressure when given as a supplement. It is able to increase the production of nitric oxide(一氧化氮) in blood vessel cells, which improves the ability of the blood vessels to expand and react to changes in blood pressure.

【文章大意】本文为说明文。介绍了什么是高血压, 并介绍了有益于降低高血压的饮食。

1. What might be the result when high blood pressure happens?

A. Blood vessels might swell or burst.

B. The arteries might be blocked.

C. The pump in the heart will work harder.

D. Small blood vessels will change ways.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中The high blood pressure can also force a balloon-like swelling into artery or blood vessel walls that can affect organs’ functions, or even burst. 可知, A项正确。

2. What can we know from the first paragraph?

A. Blood pressure is a serious disease.

B. High blood pressure is noticeable.

C. Blood pressure is changeable.

D. Blood pressure depends on the blood amount in your body.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中最后一句可知, 柔韧的血管可以更好地应付一天中正常的血压变化。可见, 血压是经常变化的。

3. Which of the following can reduce the risk of high blood pressure?

A. Fruit, vegetables and large amounts of meat.

B. Vegetables, whole grains and sugary foods.

C. Dairy, beans, nuts, meat and some alcohol.

D. Fruit, vegetables and proper amounts of fish.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中What these diets all have in common are plenty of fruit, vegetables and whole grains, proper amounts of fish and dairy, beans, nuts and seeds, and low levels of meat, alcohol and sugary foods. 可知D项正确。

4. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A. High blood pressure is a curable disease.

B. Healthy diets are good for blood pressure.

C. High blood pressure is caused by alcohol.

D. Different diets have different nutritions.

【解析】选B。段落大意题。第二段主要讲述了有益于血压的一些饮食。故选B。

　【知识拓展】长难句分析

Blood pressure is a measure of the force of the blood being pumped through the arteries and is determined by both the amount of blood being pumped and the resistance to pressure in the arteries.

分析:本句是由第一个and 连接的并列句, 第二个and 连接by后的两个宾语。

翻译:血压是对流经动脉的血液流动力量的测量, 取决于血液的量以及动脉中压力的大小。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Qatar finally has a logo for the 2022 World Cup, and it reflects both the tournament’s excellent basic facilities and winter schedule. 1. __________(use) the colors of the Qatari flag, the white emblem(徽章) is set 2. __________ a maroon background.  

　　 It 3. __________(inspire) by the contours of the World Cup trophy with the unbroken loop showing a figure of eight — the number of stadiums 4. __________ (build) for the Middle East’s first World Cup in the tiny Persian Gulf nation.  

FIFA says 5. __________ design also draws “inspiration from a 6. _______

(tradition) woolen shawl. ”  

　　Such winter garments reflect the World Cup being played in November and December 2022 7. __________(avoid)the fierce summer heat in June and July when the tournament is usually played.  

　　The reveal 8. __________(come) at 20:22 local time (8:22 pm) in Doha. The image was projected onto buildings in the Qatari capital, including the Al Zubarah Fort, and appeared at 9. __________(site) in Kuwait, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq.  Among the international sites 10. __________ the logo was displayed on September 3 was the Arch of Peace in Milan and a train station in Paris.  

【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯会徽的设计。

1. 【解析】Using。考查非谓语动词。句意:使用卡塔尔国旗的颜色, 白色的徽章以栗色为背景。根据句意可知, 主语与use之间为主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 故用Using。

2. 【解析】against。考查介词。根据句意可知此处应用against表示“以……为背景”。

3. 【解析】is inspired。考查时态和语态。句意:会徽的灵感源自世界杯奖杯的轮廓, 闭合环状轮廓形似数字8——这也是这个波斯湾小国为中东首次世界杯所建的体育场馆数量。根据句意结合空格后的by the contours of the World Cup trophy可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态, 且主语为It, 故用is inspired。

4. 【解析】built。考查非谓语动词。句中stadiums与build之间为被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语, 故用built。

5. 【解析】the。考查冠词。 句意:国际足联称, 这一设计也“从一种传统羊毛披肩中汲取了灵感”。根据句意可知此处指的是上文提到的设计, 应用定冠词the。

6. 【解析】traditional。考查形容词。根据句子结构可知此处应用形容词修饰名词woolen shawl, 故用traditional。

7. 【解析】to avoid。考查非谓语动词。句意:这种冬季服饰反映出本届世界杯的举办时间是2022年11月和12月, 避开夏季最热的6月和7月——世界杯的常规举办时间。根据句意可知应用不定式作目的状语, 故用to avoid。

8. 【解析】came。考查时态。句意:官方会徽揭幕仪式于当地时间晚上8点22分在多哈举行。根据句意可知应用一般过去时, 故用came。

9. 【解析】sites。考查名词。句意:会徽形象被投射到祖巴拉城堡等卡塔尔首都的建筑物上, 并在科威特、黎巴嫩、约旦和伊拉克的部分场址出现。根据句意可知此处为多个地址, 应用复数形式sites。

10. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。句意:9月3日, 这一会徽在多家国际场地进行了展示, 包括米兰的和平拱门和巴黎的一个火车站。根据句意可知此处为定语从句修饰先行词sites, 且定语从句中缺少地点状语, 故用where。