高三英语大一轮复习9-2 Unit 4 wildlife protection核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  九　必修2　 Unit 4　Wildlife protection

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　Microplastics are small plastic pieces that have accumulated in the marine(海洋的) environment following decades of pollution. These pieces can cause significant issues for marine creatures that ingest them, including inflammation(炎症), reduced feeding and weight-loss. Microplastic pollution may also spread from organism to organism when one creature is eaten by others. Since the pieces can be bound to chemical pollutants, these associated poisons could accumulate in predator species.

　　Mesopelagic(海洋中层的) fish serve as a food source for a large variety of marine animals including swordfish, dolphins, seals and sea birds. Typically living at depths of 200—1, 000 meters, these fish swim to the surface to feed at night and then return to deeper water during the day. Through these upright movements, mesopelagic fish play a key role in the cycle of carbon and nutrients from the surface to the deep sea — a process known as biogeochemical cycle. This means they could spread microplastic pollution throughout the marine ecosystem, by carrying microplastics from the surface down to deeper water, affecting deep-sea organisms.

　　To investigate this further, researchers set out to catch fish in a remote area of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The researchers caught mesopelagic fish at varying depths, and then examined their stomachs for microplastics back in the lab. They used a particular air filter so as not to introduce plastic fibers in the air from the lab environment.

　　The team found a lot of microplastics in the fish’s stomachs. As the researchers were extremely careful to clear the pollution— fibers in the air, they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world.

　　The researchers plan further studies to learn more about how these fish ingest and spread microplastics. It will be particularly interesting to see whether the fish eat these microplastics directly as mistaken foods, or whether they eat them through eating other species, which have previously eaten the microplastics.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现, 在大西洋西北部捕捞的海洋中层鱼类的胃中含有微塑料, 受影响的鱼类可能会将微塑料扩散到整个海洋。至于这些鱼是把微塑料当食物而误食, 还是通过捕食吃了微塑料的其他物种才导致体内含有微塑料, 还需要进一步研究。

1. What does the underlined word “ingest” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Attack. 　　　　　　 B. Swallow.

C. Ignore.   D. Avoid.

【解析】选B。词义猜测题。画线词后的them指的是上文中出现的 These pieces(即small plastic pieces), 再根据上下文语境并运用排除法可知B项正确。

2. What does the Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. How deep-sea fish feed themselves.

B. Why mesopelagic fish are important.

C. How microplastics spread to the deep sea.

D. How dangerous microplastics are to the sea.

【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第二段中的第三句和第四句可知, 海洋中层鱼类在碳和营养物质从海洋表面到深海的循环过程中发挥着关键作用, 也意味着它们可能会将微塑料污染扩散到整个海洋生态系统。所以本段主要在讲微塑料是如何扩散到深海中的。故选C。

3. What conclusion did the researchers draw from the study on mesopelagic fish?

A. Fish in the remote area are safe to eat.

B. Plastic fibers in the air may enter fish’s stomachs.

C. They are polluted by microplastics.

D. Mesopelagic fish live at varying depths.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中“they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world”可知, 研究得出的结论:海洋中层鱼类受到了微塑料的污染。故选C。

4. What will further studies focus on?

A. In what way microplastics enter mesopelagic fish’s stomachs.

B. How seriously microplastics affect sea creatures.

C. Whether fish with microplastics harm humans.

D. How microplastics spread in the deep ocean.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It will be particularly interesting. . . through eating other species. . . eaten the microplastics. ”可知, 将进一步研究这些微塑料是通过什么方式进入海洋中层鱼类体内的:是被误当作食物吃进去的, 还是海洋中层鱼类吃了其他吃了微塑料的物种。故选A。

B

　　Feeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife. But experts say it might put wild birds at risk.

　　Feeding birds is not necessary for their survival except in extreme weather conditions. Feeders(喂食器)can definitely help birds get through that kind of weather. But most birds eat insects and show little interest in bird feeders. For those birds, we can grow native plants in a natural environment. Birds which are fond of eating seeds will be more likely to come to feeders if there is some cover nearby. This lets them feed and then fly to protective areas, such as in trees.

　　The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows.

　　So set up a bird feeder at least one meter away from a window. That way, if a bird gets frightened, it won’t get killed when it hits the glass. Owners of cats should keep them inside home so they can’t hurt the birds.

　　Some birds are more aggressive at feeder. They eat a lot and do not leave much food for other birds. A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruit. This can also increase the number and diversity of birds in your neighborhood. But don’t feed wild birds anything salty, like potato chips, or food that could choke them, like bread.

　　Pay attention to food quality and freshness. Unprotected food left too long in feeders will turn moldy(发霉), which can kill wildlife.

　　Another word of advice:always provide a supply of clean water for birds, but use care when looking for the right birdbath. If the birdbaths are too deep for birds, putting a few large stones in the water can give the birds a place to sit.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 人们在喂鸟的时候无意中会给鸟儿带来危险, 文章具体解释了这些危险并提出了安全喂鸟的建议。

5. What’s the most common mistake about feeding birds?

A. Putting feeders in improper places.

B. Providing food in inappropriate time.

C. Leaving feeders unprotected.

D. Supplying dirty and deep water.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows. ”可知人们在喂鸟的时候, 最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在错误的地方, 这样给鸟儿带来了很多危险。故A项正确。

6. Which of the following may NOT be suitable for feeding birds?

A. Seeds. 　 B. Bread. 　 C. Fruit. 　 D. Insects.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But don’t feed wild birds anything salty, like potato chips, or food that could choke them, like bread. ”可知作者建议人们不要喂给鸟儿薯条和面包, 因为这些食物不适合喂鸟。故B项正确。

7. The author advises helping more birds by ______.  

A. increasing the number of feeders

B. cleaning the birds with clean water

C. putting more large stones in the feeders

D. keeping aggressive birds away from the feeders

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段“A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruit. ”可知作者建议我们把食物放在多个地方, 并提供不同种类的食物。这样做, 自然是要增加喂鸟器的数量。故A项正确。

8. What is the text mainly about?

A. Problems with bird feeding.

B. Where to place bird feeders.

C. Popular ways of protecting wild birds.

D. How to feed wild birds safely and healthily.

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Feeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife. But experts say it might put wild birds at risk. ”可知本文主要讲述的是喂鸟会给鸟儿带来一定的危险;第三段介绍了具体的危险, 后四段提出具体的安全喂鸟的建议。故D项“How to feed wild birds safely and healthily. ”符合本文中心思想, 故选择D项。

【知识拓展】长难句分析

The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows.

分析:本句主要结构:The mistake is. . . ; “people make with their bird feeders”是定语从句, 省略了关系词that/which; is后面全是that 引导的表语从句;表语从句中的where 引导定语从句, 这个定语从句中含有三个并列谓语。

翻译:人们在喂鸟器上犯的最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在了鸟很容易被路人吓着的地方, 有被猫伤害的风险, 或者有飞进窗户的风险。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

In March of 2019, Peter Tabichi, a 36-year-old teacher from a remote village in Kenya, was voted the best teacher in the world out of 10, 000 applicants and won Varkey Foundation’s Global Teacher Prize of $1 million.

　　For the past 12 years, Tabichi has worked as a math and science teacher hoping that his lessons will give students a chance to 　1　 their situations. However, working at a Secondary School in a remote village in Kenya hasn’t been 　2　. The school only has one computer and unreliable Internet 　3　. As a result, he is often forced to travel to a cyber cafe to download 　4　 for his science classes. The school also has no library or laboratory. To make matters worse, there are not enough 　5　 for all the students.  

　　Unfortunately, the semi-arid (半干旱的) village experiences droughts and famines 　6　. “Most of the students come from very poor families. They’re not able to 　7　 because they haven’t had enough meals at home, ” Tabichi said. Thus, he also teaches students and locals about famine-resistant 　8　. To help those in poverty afford food, uniforms, and books, he 　9　 80 percent of his salary.  

　　One of the other major 　10　 that Tabichi faces is trying to keep kids in school as long as possible. According to Tabichi, 95 percent of his students live in poverty and around 30 percent are either orphans or are being 　11　by single parents. As a result, kids are easy to 　12　out of school.  

　　With great efforts, he has also 　13　to set up science clubs, addressed food insecurity issues, and helped bring 　14　between several ethnic groups and religions. 　15　his tireless work, his students have 　16　for the 2019 INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair in Arizona, USA. He said, “I’m 　17　of my students. We lack facilities that many schools 　18　for granted, so as a teacher, I just want to have a 　19　 impact not only on my country but on the whole of Africa. ”  

　　Tabichi plans to use the prize money to improve the school and feed the 　20　. He also hopes his accomplishment will inspire others to push past all the obstacles.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一位来自肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的36岁教师Peter Tabichi的故事。2019年3月, 在10 000名申请者中他被评为全球最佳教师, 并获得了Varkey基金会100万美元的全球教师奖金。

1. A. check 　B. control　 C. improve　 D. realize

【解析】选C。Tabichi在学校是一位数学和科学老师, 他希望他的课程能给学生一个改善(improve)他们的境况的机会。

2. A. normal B. easy C. short D. hard

【解析】选B。在肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的一所中学工作是不容易的(easy)。

3. A. access B. barrier C. relation D. source

【解析】选A。学校只有一台电脑, 而且网络连接(access)也是不可靠的。access“入径;(使用或见到的)机会, 权利”,  Internet access “互联网接入”;barrier“障碍”;relation“关系”;source“来源”。

4. A. programs B. approaches

C. comments D. resources

【解析】选D。根据上文, 因此, 他经常被迫去网吧为他的科学课程下载资源(resources)。programs“程序”;approaches“方法”;comments“评论”。

5. A. subjects B. chances C. books D. teachers

【解析】选C。更为糟糕的是, 学校没有足够的书提供给每位学生。

6. A. naturally B. suddenly

C. frequently D. gradually

【解析】选C。不幸的是, 这个半干旱的村庄经常(frequently)经历干旱和饥荒。naturally“自然地”;suddenly “突然地”;gradually “逐渐地”。

7. A. distinguish B. calculate

C. strengthen D. concentrate

【解析】选D。根据上下文, 因为学生在家里没有足够的粮食吃, 肚子饿, 所以上课注意力不能集中(concentrate)。distinguish“区分, 辨别”;calculate“计算”;strengthen“加强”。

8. A. crops B. habits C. areas D. signals

【解析】选A。根据上文, 因此, 他也向学生们和当地人教授关于可以抵抗饥荒的庄稼(crops)的知识。habits“习惯”;areas“地区”;signals“信号”。

9. A. called off B. gave away

C. dropped in D. put out

【解析】选B。根据上下文:为了帮助那些贫困的学生买粮食、校服和书籍, 他把自己80%的工资都赠送(give away)出去了。call off“取消”;drop in“顺便拜访”;put out“熄灭”。

10. A. expectations B. challenges

C. characters  D. performances

【解析】选B。根据上下文:Tabichi要面临的其他主要的挑战(challenges)之一, 就是努力让孩子们在学校(上学)的时间尽可能地长。expectations“期待”;characters“人物, 个性”;performances“表现, 演出”。

11. A. paid B. raised C. earned D. adopted

【解析】选B。raise children“抚养孩子”。这里意为:根据Tabichi所说, 95%的学生生活在贫困之中, 大约30%的学生要么是孤儿, 要么是单亲家长抚养(raised)。pay“支付”;earn“挣钱”;adopt“收养”。

12. A. drop B. make C. get D. move

【解析】选A。drop out of school“辍学”。

13. A. happened B. promised

C. managed D. arranged

【解析】选C。根据上下文:经过巨大的努力, 他成功(managed to)地建起了科学俱乐部。happen to do sth.  “碰巧做某事”;promise to do sth.  “许诺做某事”;arrange to do sth. “安排做某事”。

14. A. peace B. share C. talent D. target

【解析】选A。根据语境:他帮助使几个民族和宗教之间保持和平(peace)。share“分红, 份额”;talent“才能”;target“目标, 靶子”。

15. A. In response to B. Regardless of

C. In honor of  D. Thanks to

【解析】选D。根据上下文:多亏了(thanks to)他不知疲倦的努力, 他的学生取得了参加2019年在美国亚利桑那州举办的英特尔国际科学与工程博览会的资格。in response to“回应”;regardless of “不顾, 不管”;in honor of “为了纪念”。

16. A. qualified B. preserved

C. approved D. mentioned

【解析】选A。qualify“取得资格”;preserve“保护, 保留”;approve“批准, 赞同”;mention“提到”。

17. A. fond B. proud C. ashamed D. tired

【解析】选B。根据上下文:作为老师, 他很骄傲(proud), 在这么贫困的条件下, 他的学生能有资格参加国际级别的博览会。be fond of “喜欢”;be ashamed of“感到羞愧”;be tired of“感到厌倦”。

18. A. turn B. get C. take D. view

【解析】选C。take sth.  for granted“把……看作理所当然的事情”。句意:我们缺乏许多学校认为是理所当然的设施。

19. A. immediate  B. practical

C. general  D. positive

【解析】选D。根据上下文:作为老师我不仅想给我的国家而且给整个非洲带去积极的(positive)影响。immediate“立即的”;practical“切合实际的”;general“总的”。

20. A. rich B. young C. old D. poor

【解析】选D。根据上下文:Tabichi计划用发给他的奖金来改善学校, 养活贫穷的(poor)人。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　A wonderful example of our Zoo-wide Animal Wellness Initiative is the daily harvesting of grass or leaves for animals such 1. __________koalas, giraffes, rhinos, and many more. By 2. __________(continue) supplying natural, home-grown leaves, we can enrich the animals’ diets, stimulate their senses, 3. __________ imitate how they would eat in the wild. Branches and leaves from different trees and bushes are provided to our animals every day. Look carefully and you will frequently see the animals 4. __________(enjoy) their fresh food.  

　　5. __________(we) most significant animals are the koalas. Since these picky animals need three varieties of fresh Eucalyptus (桉树) daily, meeting their needs 6. __________(require) daily cutting of 120 to 160 branches, each four to five feet long. We grow Australian native plants 7. __________ are adapted to our climate very easily and their 8. __________ (fall) leaves stop other plants from growing underneath, so they often grow alone. Eucalyptus trees take in large 9. __________(amount) of water and have been used to help drain wet areas. Although this small garden will only 10. __________ (harvest) two or three times a year, it demonstrates the diverse diet of our koalas.  

【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了澳大利亚一个为动物提供树叶的种植园。

1. 【解析】as。考查介词。such as为固定搭配。

2. 【解析】continually。考查词性转换。副词作状语, 修饰动词supplying。

3. 【解析】and。考查连词。本句有三个并列谓语, 在最后一个并列谓语前要加and。

4. 【解析】enjoying。考查现在分词。这里是see sb. doing sth. 结构。

5. 【解析】Our。考查代词。此处需要形容词性代词作定语, 修饰animals。

6. 【解析】requires。考查主谓一致。此处动词作谓语, 叙述一般情况, 为一般现在时;主语是动名词短语, 视作单数。

7. 【解析】which/that。考查关系代词。定语从句修饰先行词plants。

8. 【解析】fallen。考查过去分词。过去分词作前置定语, 修饰leaves, 意为“落下的叶子”。

9. 【解析】amounts。考查名词复数。large amounts of为固定搭配。

10. 【解析】be harvested。考查被动语态。此处动词作谓语, 在助动词will后面要用动词原形;garden与harvest之间为被动关系。

　　【知识拓展】背景链接

　　Zoo, also called zoological garden or zoological park, place where wild animals and, in some instances, domesticated animals are exhibited in captivity. In such an establishment animals can generally be given more intensive care than is possible in nature reserves or sanctuaries. Most long-established zoos exhibit general collections of animals, but some formed more recently specialize in particular groups.

　　Russian police have started a new attempt to get drivers to slow down at zebra crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities in an attempt to improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia’s notoriously (臭名昭著地) careless drivers.

　　The light grey horses, painted with black stripes, carried signs on their backs reading: “Careful, children are on their ways to school. ” The police sent the “zebras” to several different locations in the Russian capital, where officials in orange vests walked them over zebra crossings and handed out leaflets (传单) to passing drivers.

　　Some held up rainbow-coloured umbrellas over the painted animals to protect them from the rain. Russian roads are notoriously dangerous and drivers still rarely take the initiative (主动采取措施) to avoid pedestrians. Nearly half of all traffic accidents in the country’s big cities are caused by cars hitting pedestrians, and a third of those occur on crossings, according to traffic police figures published last month.

　　In the first six months of this year, 378 people were killed and more than 6, 600 injured on pedestrian crossings in Russia, according to police. In Moscow alone, 43 people were killed, including two children.

　　Though police officials said that only safe paint would be used on the animals, animal rights activists still disagreed with the idea, accusing the police of “treating animals like garbage”.

　　“Children understand that paints are bad for animals, ” the Interfax news agency quoted president of Vita animal rights group Irina Novozhilova as saying.

　　Let’s hope this part of the campaign is over and animals are left out of future attempts to raise pedestrians’ awareness.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。俄罗斯警方开展了一项新的尝试, 他们在马身上画上条纹, 让马在商业街上走来走去, 希望以此提高司机们的安全意识, 提高道路安全。文章分析了这项运动背后的原因以及动物保护组织对这种做法的态度。

1. Why do Moscow police have “zebras” walk across on the busiest streets?

A. To make a call on protecting animals.

B. To remind people zebras are in danger of extinction.

C. To tell people it is dangerous to cross streets.

D. To raise drivers’ awareness of road safety.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Russia police have started a new attempt to get drivers to slow down at zebra crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities in an attempt to improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia’s notoriously careless drivers. ”可知, 俄罗斯警方开始了一项新的尝试, 试图让司机在斑马线上放慢车速。在一些大城市, 他们让“斑马”(被画上条纹的马)在商业街上走来走去, 试图改善道路安全, 提高素以粗心大意著称的俄罗斯司机的道路安全意识。故D选项正确。

2. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The zebras. 　　　　　 B. The horses.

C. The policemen.  D. The drivers.

【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据该段内容可知, 浅灰色的马身上被画上黑色条纹。警方将这些“斑马”送到俄罗斯首都不同的地方。在这些地方, 身穿橘色衣服的警官们领着它们穿过斑马线, 同时给过往行人发传单。很明显, them指的是被画上斑马条纹的马, 而非真正的斑马。故B选项正确。

3. From the text we can learn that ______.  

A. most Russian drivers have realized the seriousness of the problem

B. Russian drivers often ignore traffic lights

C. Russian drivers seldom give way to pedestrians

D. the driving skills of Russian drivers are bad

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Russian roads are notoriously dangerous and drivers still rarely take the initiative to avoid pedestrians. ”可知, 俄罗斯的道路很危险, 司机们仍然很少主动避让行人。由此可知, 司机们很少给行人让路。故C选项正确。

4. What do animal rights activists think of the new attempt?

A. Drivers must slow down at pedestrian crossings.

B. These animals are ill-treated by the police.

C. The paints used on the horses are safe.

D. Road safety should be improved.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“animal rights activists still disagreed with the idea, accusing the police of ‘treating animals like garbage’”可知, 动物权利保护主义者不同意这种做法, 指责警方将动物当作垃圾来对待, 即:动物们受到了虐待。故B选项正确。

5. Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the campaign?

A. Critical.  B. Reserved.

C. Doubtful.  D. Positive.

【解析】选A。观点态度题。倒数第二和第三段主要介绍了动物权利保护主义者对警方这一做法的态度。他们认为这是在虐待动物。根据最后一段“Let’s hope this part of the campaign is over and animals are left out of future attempts to raise pedestrians’ awareness. ”可知, 作者希望这部分运动已经结束, 动物被排除在未来提高行人意识的努力之外。即:作者也不赞成这种做法, 希望不要用动物来提高行人意识。故作者对此的态度是批评的。A选项正确。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. attempt 　　　　　n. &v. 企图;尝试

2. awareness  n. 意识

3. rarely  adv. 很少地;罕见地

4. publish  v. 出版

5. accuse  v.  控告

6. agency  n. 代理;中介

7. campaign  n. 运动;战役