高三英语大一轮复习22-5 Unit 2 the united kingdom核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  二十二　必修5　 Unit 2　The United Kingdom

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　I started reading Shakespeare when I was nine,  after my grandfather,  an actor,  sent me a copy of Romeo and Juliet.  The story and the language attracted me.  I found out about Shakespeare Globe Centre New Zealand (SGCNZ)and started volunteering for them when I was about 10.  When I was 13,  I managed to run a film project with SGCNZ.

　　I’m home-educated and a part-time correspondence student(函授生)as well.  We have a drama group made up of quite a few people who are also home-educated.  I’ve also joined Wellington Young Actors,  a youth theatre company.  There are many similarities and differences between being home-educated and attending a five-day programme.  I love hearing other students’ reactions when meeting them and share my different ways of experiencing the world with them.  While explaining the way I learn can be a challenge,  I love helping people to understand there isn’t just one way of learning.  

　　Being home-educated has offered me the freedom to have an individualized education and to pursue my passions.  My education has always been about making those focuses but I do lots of the same things as people who attend five-day programs do.  Shakespeare is a great approach to lots of things around English,  history and the arts.  I think something you learn when you perform is connection.  You have to have a connection with your fellow actors,  with the audience and with Shakespeare.  I learn this from actually being on stage and from taking part in different Shakespeare festival programs.

　　I believe it’s the emotion in Shakespeare that makes it relevant today.  You can be reading something that was written 400 years ago and be able to see parts of your life in the work as it shows you how to understand the world and explore a lot of different ideas.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者从九岁开始阅读莎士比亚的作品, 成为莎士比亚的忠实热爱者。为了追求自己的爱好, 作者在家里接受教育。作者介绍了莎士比亚对自己的影响。

1.  What can “a five-day program me” be?

A.  A film project.

B.  A reading activity.

C.  School education.

D.  Stage performance.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“I love hearing other students’ reactions when meeting them and share my different ways of experiencing the world with them”可知, 当作者和其他学生分享自己不同的体验世界的方式时, 作者很喜欢听见他们的反应。由此可知, 这些学生对世界的体验方式和作者的方式是不同的。根据第二段第一句可知, 作者没有进行正规的学校教育, 他在家里接受教育, 同时还接受函授教育。那么, 和作者的教育经历相反的当然是正规的学校教育。因此, 画线部分应该指“学校教育”。C选项正确。

2.  Why does the author choose home education?

A.  To be different from others.

B.  To better pursue his passions.

C.  To enjoy more personal freedom.

D.  To improve his academic performance.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Being home-educated has offered me the freedom to have an individualized education and to pursue my passions”可知, 作者之所以在家里接受教育是因为这种教育方式为他提供了自由, 让他可以追求自己的爱好。故B选项正确。

3. What do we know about the author?

A.  A famous young actor.

B.  A loyal program volunteer.

C.  A home education writer.

D.  A devoted Shakespeare-lover.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。第一段提到, 作者从九岁起就阅读莎士比亚的作品。倒数第二段的最后一句中提到:作者参加了很多不同的莎士比亚节的活动(taking part in different Shakespeare festival programs)。最后一段介绍了作者对莎士比亚作品的感悟。由此可知, 作者是个忠实的莎士比亚爱好者。故D选项正确。

　　　　　　　　　　　　B世纪金榜导学号

　　British people work some of the longest hours in Europe,  but are among the least productive.  Now some companies are shortening the working week to increase efficiency,  health and happiness.

　　Rich Leigh has introduced a four-day week at his PR company.  In fact,  his entire company has Friday off,  because his firm has adopted a four-day week.  It is one of a handful of UK businesses that now operate like this: staff still get paid their previous five-day salary,  but they work a day less.  The company found that they achieved just as much—and there were even sighs of growth.  “The key to the scheme’s success, ” Leigh says,  “is how happy our employees now are. ”

　　The average British worker takes only a 34-minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (more often than not this is unpaid).  Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors,  who tend to work fewer hours.

　　British working practices have caused loss and damage to the nation’s health and happiness.  More than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with work-related stress or anxiety last year.  Moreover,  the work landscape itself is changing.  Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market,  where unsteady work becomes more common.

　　Britain is the only EU member that allows workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer hours.  For campaigners,  now is the time for a change.  O’Grady,  an advocate,  argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation,  success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours.  “It’s time to share the benefits from new technology,  not allowing those at the top to grab them for themselves. ” she says.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A. British people are the least productive in the world.

B. Most companies in Britain have conducted a four-day week.

C. PR company has witnessed a rise in employees’ happiness.

D. British people work longer and get more payment than other countries.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段Leigh says,  “is how happy our employees now are. ” Leigh说, “是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”由此推断出PR公司见证了员工幸福感的提升, 故选C。

5. Which is the proper description of British working practices?

A. The working time of British workers is within the EU limit.

B. In terms of productivity,  Britain is beaten by the United States.

C. Profits gained from new technology are on the decrease.

D. Automation and AI are likely to cause an instable work market.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market,  where unsteady work becomes more common. 自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响, 不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。故选D。

6. Which can be inferred from O’Grady’ s words in the last paragraph?

A. It’s time for employers to share the increased profits created by automation.

B. Workers should benefit from automation in the form of less working hours.

C. New technology should belong to both businesses and workers.

D. Businesses can’t make more profits without new technology.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段O’Grady,  an advocate,  argues that where businesses have increased their profits as a result of automation,  success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours. 拥护者O’Grady认为, 在自动化提高了企业利润的地方, 成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。由此推断出O’Grady的话意思是工人应该从减少工作时间的自动化中获益, 故选B。

7. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A. To introduce some British firms’ switch to a four-day working week.

B. To explain the reasons why British workers suffer stress and anxiety.

C. To appeal for more reasonable working conditions.

D. To present the current productivity problem in Britain.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。第二段Rich Leigh has introduced a four-day week at his PR company. 是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度, 故选A。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. productive adj. 多产的

2. efficiency n. 效率

3. unsteady adj. 不稳的

4. advocate v. 拥护;支持

5. grab v. 抓住

长难句分析

Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market,  where unsteady work becomes more common.

分析:本句是一个复合句。句子的主语是Automation and AI, 谓语是will have, where引导的是定语从句, 修饰先行词market。

译文:自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响, 不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

Double Trouble

　　When I was eight,  I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it.  But,  as usual,  I was broken.  I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister,  Kathleen,  for a loan.  I went to her room,  　1　 her for the cash.  Laughing,  she agreed to 　2　 me the money,  but added,  “I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every 　3　 until you pay me back. ” 

　　“Compound interest—what’s that?” I asked.

　　“Well,  interest is what you call the 　4　 money borrowers have to pay back on a loan, ” she explained.  “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the 　5　 you take to pay back the loan.  To repay the loan,  you will need to give me $11 after one month.  If you wait two months to pay me back,  your 　6　 will grow from $10 to $11.  So I’ll be charging you interest on $11.  Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me,  for a 　7　 of $12. 10.  That’s what you’ll owe after two months. ” 

　　“Sure.  I get it. ” I said.  Though truthfully,  I was getting 　8　.  

　　Kathleen lent me the money,  and I bought the toy.  My birthday came a month later,  and my mom gave me $10. 　9　, that was just the amount I needed to buy another toy I wanted 　10　.  I put off paying my sister for a month.  After another month,  I 　11　 about the loan.  

　　Several months later,  on Christmas morning,  my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings.  I was just putting it into my pocket 　12　 Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder.  

　　“Sorry kiddo.  That’s mine.  I’m 　13　 on your debt. ” “Huh?” Then I remembered the loan.  “Hey!  How can it be that much? I 　14　 borrowed $10. ” 

　　“True, ” she said,  “but interest has been compounding for eight months.  Now you 　15　 me $21. 43. ” She paused,  then added.  “You can pay me the $1. 43. ” 

　　I 　16　to believe that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly.  Much to my 　17　, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up.  

　　My head 　18　 as I tried to keep track of Kathleen’s 　19　,  but this time,  I got the basic idea of compound interest.  I 　20　 the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time.  

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。经过这次经历, 作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。

1. A. blaming　　　　　　 B. begging

C. searching  D. preparing

【解析】选B。作者需要钱, 去恳求姐姐借钱。 blame责备; beg恳求; search搜索, 搜寻; prepare准备。故选B项。

2. A. pay　　　B. send　　　C. lend　　　D. hand

【解析】选C。作者的姐姐同意借给他钱。 pay付钱; send送, 派; lend借给; hand递。故选C项。

3. A. month B. year C. week D. day

【解析】选A。由第三段中的“To repay the loan,  you will need to give me $11 after one month”可知, 姐姐答应借给“我”钱, 但是要“我”每个月付10%的利息。故选A项。

4. A. little B. same

C. enough D. extra

【解析】选D。利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的钱。little不多的, 小的; same同样的; enough足够的; extra额外的。故选D项。

5. A. shorter B. longer

C. more D. less

【解析】选B。归还贷款需要的时间越长, 所需支付的利息就越多。 shorter更短的; longer更长的; more更多的; less更少的。故选B项。

6. A. cash B. saving

C. note D. debt

【解析】选D。姐姐告诉我:“如果你等两个月才归还我的钱, 那么, 你的债务将从10美元增加到11美元。”cash现金; saving积蓄; note钞票; debt债务。故选D项。

7. A. total B. cost C. number D. bill

【解析】选A。如果作者两个月才归还姐姐的钱的话, 那么, 利滚利, 最终作者要归还的总数为12. 10美元。 total总数; cost花费, 成本; number数目; bill账单。故选A项。

8. A. encouraged  B. shocked

C. confused  D. satisfied

【解析】选C。根据Though可知, 我告诉姐姐我明白了。但是, 说实话, 我很困惑。encouraged受到鼓励的; shocked震惊的; confused困惑的; satisfied满意的。故选C项。

9. A. Gradually  B. Obviously

C. Unfortunately  D. Hopefully

【解析】选C。我生日那天, 妈妈给了我10美元, 不幸的是, 那笔钱恰恰就是我买另一个玩具所需要的钱。gradually逐渐地;obviously明显地; unfortunately不幸地;hopefully充满希望地。故选C项。

10. A. seriously  B. anxiously

C. secretly  D. desperately

【解析】选D。作者特别想要再买一个玩具。 seriously严肃地, 认真地; anxiously焦虑地; secretly秘密地; desperately极度地。故选D项。

11. A. forgot B. knew C. talked D. cared

【解析】选A。由下文中“‘Huh?’Then I remembered the loan”可知, 又过了一个月, 作者忘记了自己借的钱, 到了圣诞节经姐姐提醒才想起来。 forget忘记; know认识, 知道; talk交谈; care在意。故选A项。

12. A. after B. until C. while D. when

【解析】选D。作者正要把20美元放到自己的口袋里, 这时候姐姐拍了拍他的肩膀。be doing. . . when. . . 意为“正要做某事这时突然……”。故选D项。

13. A. carrying  B. collecting

C. relying  D. focusing

【解析】选B。姐姐告诉作者:“我要收债了”。 carry携带, 运送; collect收取; rely依靠; focus(使)集中。故选B项。

14. A. normally  B. nearly

C. only  D. really

【解析】选C。作者经过姐姐的提醒, 记起了自己的债务。但是他认为自己没借那么多钱, 他只借了10美元。normally正常地; nearly几乎; only仅仅; really的确, 确实。故选C项。

15. A. owe B. offer C. take D. give

【解析】选A。姐姐告诉作者, 过了八个月, 作者欠她21. 43美元。 owe欠; offer(主动)提供; take带走; give给。故选A项。

16. A. decided  B. refused

C. pretended  D. managed

【解析】选B。作者不相信10美元的借款这么快就会加倍。 decided决定; refused拒绝; pretended假装; managed设法做到。故选B项。

17. A. relief  B. delight

C. annoyance  D. regret

【解析】选C。令作者感到生气的是, 姐姐拿来铅笔和便笺簿, 向作者展示这个钱数是怎么来的。 relief缓解; delight高兴; annoyance恼怒; regret后悔, 遗憾。故选C项。

18. A. turned B. nodded C. stuck D. hurt

【解析】选D。当作者努力地想弄清楚姐姐的计算时, 作者很头疼。 turn转动; nod点头; stick粘贴, 粘; hurt疼痛。故选D项。

19. A. calculations  B. excuses

C. directions  D. discoveries

【解析】选A。由上面的“my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up”可知, 姐姐给作者计算这个钱数是怎么来的。 calculation计算; excuse借口, 理由; direction方向; discovery发现。故选A项。

20. A. explored  B. learned

C. explained  D. questioned

【解析】选B。作者通过这次经历学会了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。 explore探索; learn学会; explain解释; question询问, 质疑。故选B项。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. compound adj. 复合的

2. repay vt. 归还;赔偿

3. truthfully adv. 诚实地

4. keep track of 跟踪

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible

1. ________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2. ________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.  This included digging up the road, 3. ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4. ________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.  

Steam engines 5. ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been

6. ________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using 7. ________ every day.  

　　Later, engineers 8. ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9. ________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10. ________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.  

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了最早的地铁以及地铁早期的发展。

1. 【解析】crowds。考查名词的单复数。根据空前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词, crowd表示“人群”, 是可数名词, 前面没有不定冠词a, 所以用复数形式。

2. 【解析】from。考查介词。to and from往返, 来回, 来来往往。to and from work上下班。

3. 【解析】laying。考查非谓语动词。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。

4. 【解析】the。考查冠词。top是名词, 前面要用冠词, 此处特指在挖的路的上面, 所以用定冠词the。

5. 【解析】were used。考查时态和语态。此处讲的是过去的事情, 主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

6. 【解析】fairly。考查词性转化。此处需要用副词来修饰形容词unpleasant。

7. 【解析】it。考查代词。用it指代前句中的railway。

8. 【解析】managed。考查时态。此处讲的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时, 主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系, 故填managed。

9. 【解析】introduction。考查词性转化。根据空前面的with和定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。

10. 【解析】successful。考查词性转化。句意:伦敦中央地铁是这些新地铁线中最成功的线路之一。根据句意以及空格前的the most可知, 此处是the most+多音节形容词构成最高级, 故填successful。