高三英语大一轮复习23-5 Unit 3 life in the future核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评 二十三　必修5　 Unit 3　Life in the future

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　Slowly but surely,  we’re moving closer and closer to 5G world.  From smart-home security to self-driving cars,  all the Internet-connected devices in your life will be able to talk to each other at lightning-fast speeds with reduced delay.  Objectively speaking,  the fastest 4G download speeds in the U. S.  top out at an average of 19. 42 Mbps.  But by comparison 5G promises gigabit (千兆) speeds.

　　“5G is one of those signs,  along with artificial intelligence,  of this coming data age, ” said Steve Koenig,  senior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association.  “The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem of this data age,  and that is to say,  it is a sign of time,  because with one single task,  driving,  you have massive amounts of data coming from the vehicle itself,  and a variety of sensors are collecting a lot of information to model its environment as it moves.  It’s pulling in data from other vehicles about road conditions down the lane.  It could be weather information,  but also connected infrastructure (基础设施) construction.  There’s lots of data behind that task,  which is why we need high speed.

　　Augmented reality glasses and virtual headset haven’t yet broken the mainstream,  but tech companies are joyfully betting that these devices will eventually replace our smartphones.  With 5G,  that could actually happen.  This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assist—or perhaps even replace—smartphones.

　　Ericsson stated at February’s Mobile World Congress how smart glasses could become faster and lighter with a 5G connection,  because instead of being weighed down with components,  the glasses could rely on hardware for processing power.

　　But don’t get too excited.  There’s still a lot of work to be done in the meantime including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction so 5G isn’t concentrated only in big cities.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述是, 我们离5G世界越来越近了。

1. What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 1?

A. The lightning-fast speed of 5G.

B. The expectation of 5G world.

C. The difference between 4G and 5G.

D. The Internet-connected devices in our life.

【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第一段at lightning-fast speeds with reduced delay和by comparison 5G promises gigabit speeds可知, 作者在第一段想强调5G速度快。故选A。

2. What does the underlined word “emblem” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Exhibition. 　　　　　 B. Success.

C. Symbol.      D. Explanation.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段中and that is to say,  it is a sign of time“也就是说, 这是时间的标志, ”可知, 画线词的意思是“标志, 象征”。故选C。

3. We can infer from the text that ______.  

A. 5G world won’t come without AR glasses

B. 5G helps to create the artificial intelligence vehicle

C. Apple company is developing AR glasses worldwide

D. Tech companies will face the fact that smartphones may be replaced

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assist—or perhaps even replace—smartphones. 可知苹果(Apple)等公司正在发展AR眼镜, 以帮助甚至取代智能手机。我们可以从文中推断, 科技公司将面临智能手机可能被取代的事实。故选D。

4. What will the author probably tell us next?

A. How to fully expand 5G coverage.

B. Smart glasses will become faster and lighter.

C. Why 5G isn’t concentrated in big cities.

D. The importance of infrastructure construction.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段But don’t get too excited.  There’s still a lot of work to be done in the meantime,  including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction so 5G isn’t concentrated only in big cities. “但是不要太激动。与此同时, 仍有很多工作要做, 包括各种试验, 以确保无线电能很好地配合硬件和基础设施建设, 这样5G就不会只集中在大城市。”可知, 作者接下来可能会告诉我们“如何全面扩大5G覆盖。”故选A。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. massive adj. 巨大的

2. virtual adj. 虚拟的

3. notable adj. 显著的

4. component n. 组成成分

长难句分析

There’s still a lot of work to be done in the meantime,  including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardware and infrastructure construction so 5G isn’t concentrated only in big cities.

分析:本句是一个复合句。to make sure. . . 作目的状语,  其中sure后面是宾语从句, so“为的是”, 引导目的状语从句。

译文:与此同时, 仍有很多工作要做, 包括各种试验, 以确保无线电能很好地配合硬件和基础设施建设, 这样5G就不会只集中在大城市。

　　　　　　　　　　B世纪金榜导学号

　　We’ve heard of robots and AI(Artificial Intelligence)taking human jobs,  but I bet mayors(市长)don’t really think their jobs can be threatened any time soon.  They were wrong,  and the AI running for the mayor of a Tokyo district was clear proof of that.

　　AI can’t legally run for high-ranking public management positions yet,  but one mayoral candidate from Tama City,  Tokyo,  intended to maximize the use of artificial intelligence in running city affairs.  He was running his campaign as “AI Mayor”.  Basically,  he was suggesting replacing human public officials with AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that will benefit everyone.

　　“For the first time in the world,  AI will run in an election, ” human candidate Michihito Matsuda announced on Twitter.  “Artificial Intelligence will change Toma City.  With the birth of an AI Mayor,  we will conduct balanced policies. ”

　　The AI Mayor was campaigning very much like its human competitors.  Posters were shown all over Tama City and campaign trucks were blaring out(大声鸣响) promises of an AI utopia (乌托邦) and asking for support.

　　Some people called Michihito Matsuda’s campaign a stunt(噱头),  as a human would still be the one legally in charge.  However,  others said that they were excited about the future of AI running things in the background,  adding that it had to be a better choice.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。我们听说过机器人和人工智能取代了人类的部分工作, 可是它们竟然参与竞选东京某地的市长。

5. What’s the advantage of the AI mayor according to Michihito Matsuda?

A. Maximizing the use of AI.

B. Replacing human officials.

C. Creating balanced policies.

D. Bringing him beneficial effects.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段Basically,  he was suggesting replacing human public officials with AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that will benefit everyone. 可知, 他认为, 人工智能市长的优势在于收集城市数据, 制定公平、平衡的政策, 让每个人都受益, 故选C。

6. How will AI run for the mayor?

A. It will abolish many old policies.

B. It will ask for support on the Internet.

C. It will make public speeches,  dressed like a human.

D. It will compete similarly to human competitors.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段The AI Mayor was campaigning very much like its human competitors.  Posters were shown all over Tama City and campaign trucks were blaring out promises of an AI utopia and asking for support. 可知, 人工智能市长的竞选活动的方式和人类竞争对手非常像, 故选D。

7. What’s the citizens’ attitude toward Michihito Matsuda’s campaign?

A. They believe AI will win.

B. All consider it to be tricky.

C. It is supposed to be a failure definitely.

D. Some think it’s worthy of expectation.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段However,  others said that they were excited about the future of AI running things in the background,  adding that it had to be a better choice. 可知, 有些人认为这是一个噱头, 而有人认为这必定是个更好的选择, 这是值得期待的, 故选D。

8. What is the best title for the passage?

A. AI Runs for the Mayor.

B. The Advantages of AI.

C. AI Replaces Human in Management.

D. The Patterns of AI Management.

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据上下文可知, 本文主要讲述人工智能参与竞选某市市长的职位, 故选A。

　　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. candidate n. 候选人

2. maximize vt. 使增加最大量

3. campaign n. 运动

长难句分析

Basically,  he was suggesting replacing human public officials with AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that will benefit everyone.

分析:本句是一个复合句。policies是先行词, that引导的是定语从句。

译文:大体上, 他建议用机器人来代替公职人员, 让它们收集城市的数据, 制定公平、平衡的政策, 让每个人都受益。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

Sleep and Teens—Biology and Behavior

　　How much sleep do teens need? And how much sleep are they realistically getting? Based on current data,  most teens need about 9-plus hours to have the best or most suitable sleep night.  　1　 

　　Many factors combine to decrease sleep in adolescents.  We can think in general of two major factors: biology, the brain processes that regulate the amount and timing of sleep,  and behavior,  all the psychological,  parental,  societal,  cultural features of teens’ life.

　　　2　 These changes lay the ground work for the biological night to occur later during the teen years than before.  Circadian Rhythms (daily biological clocks) seem to slow down as young people progress through the middle school years.  At the same time,  the sleep pressure system appears to change in a way that makes it easier to stay awake longer,  though without changing the amount of sleep that is needed.  

　　Moreover,  many teens have a “technological playground” in their bedrooms: television,  computer with 24/7 Internet access,  telephones,  electronic game stations,  MP3 players,  and so forth.  These technologies provide instant and constant contact with peers.  Societal and media pressure to consume these technologies is now higher than ever.  Yet society also requires that teens go to school at a time of day that is at odds with their biological and social lives.  So we see teens turn to caffeine,  late-night Internet and cramming in activity after activity as a means to keep awake. 　3　 

　　Problems emerge for lack of sleep.  　4　 For some,  grades begin to suffer as they struggle to keep awake during class and while doing homework.  And others may simply feel moody,  never knowing how to feel or do their best.  Worse still,  many teens suffer from both physical and mental illness.  

　　　5　 The earlier teens can start this good sleep habit,  the easier it will be for them to stay healthy,  happy and smart.  

A. Sleep experts recommend teens keep consistent sleep and wake schedule.

B. Teens may schedule sleep like any other daily activity and make sleep a priority.

C. Then they are trapped into a terrible situation where they would never get enough sleep.

D. The sleep-wake bio-regulatory factors appear to change significantly during adolescence.

E. Some teenagers struggle to wake up in the morning, often resulting in late or missed school.

F. Teens may be driven to things that can wake them up because they’ll fall asleep if they do not.

G. However,  it is indicated that most teens fall short of this goal,  many by a considerable amount.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前青少年睡眠减少, 达不到标准睡眠时间。文章分析了导致这种现象的原因, 介绍了睡眠不足导致的问题, 并提出了解决办法。

1. 【解析】选G。上一句提到:根据近期的研究数据, 大部分青少年晚上需要九个多小时的睡眠。第二段第一句提到:很多因素导致青少年睡眠时间减少。故该空应当提到青少年睡眠不够这个现象。G选项“但是, 大部分青少年达不到这个目标。”承上启下。故选G。

2. 【解析】选D。上一段介绍了导致青少年睡眠减少的两大因素。该空下一句提到:这些变化使得青少年在晚上睡得比以前晚了。由These changes可知, 该空应当提到“改变”这个话题, 结合选项, D选项“这些睡觉—觉醒的生物调节因素似乎在青春期发生了巨大变化。”承上启下。故选D。

3. 【解析】选C。上文提到:这样, 青少年每天晚上就通过喝咖啡、上网等活动以使自己保持清醒。C选项“然后, 他们就陷入一种糟糕的境地中:他们永远也得不到足够的睡眠。”是上文内容的结果。故选C。

4. 【解析】选E。上一句提到:因为缺乏睡眠, 一些问题就出现了。那么, 该空应当提到出现的问题, 结合选项, 只有E选项“一些青少年会出现早晨醒得晚而迟到甚至缺课的情况。”符合上下文逻辑, 故选E。

5. 【解析】选A。下一句提到:青少年开始这种好的睡眠习惯越早, 对他们而言, 保持健康, 快乐和聪明就越容易。由该句中的“this good sleep habit”可知, 该空应当提到一种好的睡眠习惯, 结合选项, A选项“睡眠专家建议青少年应该遵守一贯的睡眠时间表”, 即“他们的作息应当有规律”, 是下句的原因。故选A。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. realistically　　　　adv. 如实地

2. regulate vt. 约束;管理

3. contact v. 接触;联系

4. emerge v. 出现

5. indicate v. 表明;显示

6. considerable adj. 相当的

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2020·诸暨模拟)

为推动中美文化交流, 城关中学将组织一次赴美游学活动。参加活动的学生将通过选拔的形式产生。假设你是校学生会主席李华, 请你以学生会的名义用英语写一则关于选拔活动的书面通知。

内容包括:

1. 时间与地点;

2. 报名条件;

3. 选拔形式。

注意:1. 词数 80 左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

NOTICE

To promote the Sino-US cultural interaction,  our school is organizing an overseas study tour to the sister school in America. It’s necessary for the applicants to have excellent academic records in English. Those with a basic understanding of American culture and certain personal strengths are preferable. The selection of exchange students will be held in the music hall on Tuesday afternoon. The candidates are expected to introduce themselves in English and show their talents. All the students qualified and interested are welcome to participate.

Students’ Union

October 5th,  2019