高三英语大一轮复习30-6 Unit 5 the power of nature核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  三十　选修6　 Unit 5　The power of nature

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

The ozone hole that opens every year over the Antarctic is on course to be the smallest in three decades,  scientists have said.

Researchers say the hole is also a particularly unusual shape this year,  being heavily skewed(扭曲) towards South America instead of centring on the South Pole. According to the British Antarctic Survey,  the hole had reached an area of 11 million square kilometres in early September,  when the annual “spring warming” event kicked in much earlier than usual. In 2018,  the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres. In 2002,  the polar vortex split in two,  creating two separate ozone holes over the continent.

Anna Jones,  a scientist at the British Antarctic Survey,  told The Independent the shape of the hole this year was “very unusual”. She said, “This is a pretty new phenomenon. It could be a multiple collection of factors. ”

Satellite records for the polar vortex in Antarctica go back to the late 1970s,  but the 2002 split vortex is the only other major change. “Scientists haven’t quite figured it out yet. . . there are various things they can look at,  but it’s certainly very unusual, ” Dr Jones said.

Dr Jones said the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole in the long term was continuing to clampdown on the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction. She also warned people living in South America could now be at risk from dangerous UV radiation as the ozone has thinned. “The key thing is that the gases that destroy ozone are still around,  still in the atmosphere, ”she said. “I doubt we will see this again next year. We can’t be relieved,  it absolutely doesn’t mean the ozone hole is never going to be seen again. ” 

【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的是科学家研究发现今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜。

1. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Strangely Shaped Antarctic Ozone Hole

B. The Terrible Environmental Pollution in the World

C. The Great Damage Done to the Environment in the Antarctic

D. The Risk of Dangerous UV Radiation in the Atmosphere

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜, 与A项一致, 故选A。

2. What does the underlined part “clampdown on” in the last paragraph mean?

A. increase　　　　　　 B. limit

C. pour  D. release

【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole”和“. . . the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction”可知, 此处表示减小臭氧层空洞的关键仍是限制破坏臭氧层的非法人造化学品, 故选B。

3. What can we learn according to the passage?

A. The ozone hole over the Antarctic will not be seen again.

B. The polar vortex in Antarctica first happened to the late 1970s.

C. In 2002,  the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres.

D. The annual “spring warming” event usually kicked in later than early September.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知A项错误;根据第四段第一句话可知南极极地涡旋的卫星纪录可以追溯到而不是极地涡旋第一次发生于20世纪70年代末, 故B项错误;根据第二段第三句话可知C项错误;根据第二段第二句话中的“. . . in early September,  when the annual ‘spring warming’ event kicked in much earlier than usual. ”可知D项正确, 故选D。

4. The passage can be read from ______.  

A. an environment newspaper

B. a fashion magazine

C. an entertainment magazine

D. a school textbook

【解析】选A。文章出处题。本文讲的是环境方面的新发现, 故选A。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

(2020·台州模拟)

　　Like many new graduates,  I left university full of hope for the future and wanted to make a 　1　 in the world somehow,  but I had no idea how to do that.  That’s 　2　 I learned about the Lighthouse Project.  

　　I started my 　3　 as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous 　4　.  I knew it would be a lot of 　5　,  and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.  　6　,  I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project 　7　.  

　　I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application.  After countless interviews and presentations,  I managed to 　8　 among the candidates and survive the test alone.  Several months later,  I finally received a call asking me to report for the 　9　.  I would be going to a small 　10　 near Abuja,  Nigeria.  

　　After completing my 　11　,  I was sent to the village that was small and 　12　 in need of proper accommodation.  Though the local villagers were poor,  they offered their homes,  hearts,  and food 　13　 I were their own family.  I was asked to 　14　 a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.  For the next year or so,  I 　15　 in that same schoolhouse.  But I sometimes think I learned more from my 　16　 than they did from me.  

　　Sometime during that period,  I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or 　17　 to me no longer did,  though I did not get anywhere with the local 　18　,  and returned to the United States a 　19　 man.  The Lighthouse Project had changed my 　20　 forever.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者当志愿者的经历。当志愿者的经历改变了作者的人生。

1. A. contribution　　　　　　 B. difference

C. change  D. attempt

【解析】选B。句意:和许多新毕业的大学生一样, 我怀着对未来的希望离开了大学, 想以某种方式影响世界, 但我不知道该怎么做。contribution贡献; difference不同; change改变; attempt试图, 故选B。

2. A. why　　 B. how　　 C. when　　 D. where

【解析】选C。句意:那时我才了解到灯塔计划。“______ I learned about the Lighthouse Project”是一个表语从句, 引导词在从句中作时间状语, 用when, 故选C。 

3. A. journey B. career

C. occupation D. business

【解析】选A。句意:作为灯塔计划的志愿者, 通过尽可能多地阅读以前志愿者的经历, 我开始了我的旅程。 journey旅程; career职业; occupation职业; business生意, 故选A。

4. A. volunteers B. fellows

C. graduates D. applicants

【解析】选A。 volunteers志愿者; fellows家伙; graduates毕业生; applicants申请人, 根据上下文语境故选A。

5. A. adventure B. exploration

C. fun D. hard work

【解析】选D。句意:我知道这将是一项艰苦的工作, 我将离开我的家人和朋友很长一段时间。 adventure冒险; exploration探测; fun乐趣; hard work艰苦的工作, 故选D。

6. A. In turn B. In reward

C. In honor D. In short

【解析】选D。句意:总之, 我并没有轻率地决定申请灯塔计划。 in turn依次; in reward作为报酬; in honor为了纪念; in short总之, 故选D。

7. A. seriously B. lightly

C. hurriedly D. cautiously

【解析】选B。 seriously严重地; lightly轻易地; hurriedly匆忙地;cautiously慎重地, 由上题句意可知选B。

8. A. stick out B. turn out

C. stand out D. pick out

【解析】选C。根据and survive the test alone. 可知这里意思是我成功地在候选人中脱颖而出。 stick out醒目, 伸出; turn out结果是; stand out突出的, 杰出的; pick out挑选出, 故选C。

9. A. duty B. call

C. application D. responsibility

【解析】选A。句意:几个月后, 我终于接到一个电话, 让我去报到。report for the duty报到, 该短语是固定短语, 故选A。

10. A. city  B. company

C. village  D. school

【解析】选C。根据I was sent to the village that was small and ________in need of proper accommodation. 可知这里意思是我将要去一个小村庄。 city城市; company公司; village村庄; school学校, 故选C。 

11. A. consideration B. college

C. interview  D. training

【解析】选D。句意:训练结束后, 我被送到这个村庄, 那里极度地需要合适的住处。 consideration考虑; college大学; interview采访; training训练, 故选D。

12. A. instantly  B. desperately

C. severely  D. timely

【解析】选B。instantly立即地; desperately极度地; severely严重地; timely及时地, 由上题句意可知选B。

13. A. as if  B. even if

C. just as  D. what if

【解析】选A。句意:虽然当地的村民很穷, 但他们把自己的家、心和食物都给了我, 就好像我是他们自己的家人一样。 as if好像; even if虽然; just as正像; what if假使……将会怎么样, 故选A。

14. A. convince  B. lead

C. gather  D. undertake

【解析】选B。句意:我被要求带领一群当地村民建造一所新校舍。 convince说服; lead带领; gather聚集; undertake承担, 故选B。

15. A. studied  B. survived

C. supported  D. taught

【解析】选D。 句意:在接下来的一年左右的时间里, 我在同一所校舍教书。 study学习; survive幸存; support支持; teach教书, 故选D。

16. A. villagers  B. colleagues

C. students  D. competitors

【解析】选C。句意:我有时觉得我从学生那里学到的比我教给学生的更多。 villagers村民; colleagues同事; students学生; competitors竞争者, 故选C。

17. A. familiar  B. similar

C. cruel  D. unusual

【解析】选D。句意:那些原本对我来说看上去很陌生或很不寻常的东西, 已经不再陌生或奇特。 familiar熟悉的; similar相似的; cruel残酷的; unusual不寻常的, 故选D。

18. A. language  B. people

C. attractions  D. accommodation

【解析】选A。句意:虽然我在当地语言方面没有任何成效。did not get anywhere意为没取得任何效果。 language语言; people人们; attractions吸引力; accommodation住处, 故选A。

19. A. smarter  B. different

C. helpful  D. professional

【解析】选B。句意:回到美国我变成了一个与以往不同的人。 smarter更聪明的; different不同的; helpful有帮助的; professional职业的, 故选B。

20. A. character  B. experience

C. interest  D. life

【解析】选D。句意:灯塔计划永远地改变了我的人生。 character性格; experience经验; interest兴趣; life人生, 故选D。

　　　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. previous　　　　　　adj. 先前的

2. application n. 申请

3. presentation n. 介绍会

4. candidate n. 候选人

Ⅲ. 读后续写

(2020·杭州模拟)

阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。

Arthur,  a young painter,  went to France to surround himself with beauty and inspiration. He lived on the cheap,  painted every day,  visited museums,  traveled to picturesque places,  bravely spoke to everyone he met,  and showed his work to anyone who would look at it.

One afternoon,  he struck up a conversation at a cafe with a group of charming young people,  who turned out to be some fancy nobles. They took a liking to Arthur and invited him to a party that weekend in a castle in the Loire Valley. They said this was going to be the party of the year. It would be attended by the rich and famous and by several crowned heads of Europe. Best of all,  it was a masquerade ball(化妆舞会). “Dress up,  ” they said,  “and join us! ”

Excited,  Arthur worked all week on a costume(服装)that he was certain would be highly impressive. He held back on neither the details nor the imagination of this creation. Then he rented a car and drove three hours to the castle. He changed into his costume in the car and went up the castle steps. Arthur entered the ballroom,  proud.  

Upon arrival,  he immediately realized his mistake.

This was indeed a costume party but this was a themed costume party. The theme was “a medieval court”. All around him,  the wealthy and beautiful were dressed in fancy clothes,  wearing sparkling jewels. Arthur,  on the other hand,  was dressed as a lobster (龙虾),  wearing a red coat,  red tights,  red ballet slippers,  and giant red claws.  Also,  his face was painted red. And he was the only American in the room,  too.  

注意:

1. 所续写短文的字数应为150左右;

2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;

3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;

4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:

He stood at the top of the steps for one long,  frightful moment.  

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Paragraph 2:

As he moved into the crowd,  a silence fell.   

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【参考范文】

Paragraph 1:

He stood at the top of the steps for one long,  frightful moment.  Running away in shame seemed like the easiest response. But he didn’t run. Somehow,  he found his determination. He’d come this far,  after all. He’d worked really hard to make this costume,  and he was proud of it. He took a deep breath and walked onto the dance floor.

Paragraph 2:

As he moved into the crowd,  a silence fell. The dancing stopped. The other guests gathered around Arthur. Finally someone asked him what on earth he was. He bowed deeply and announced,  “I am the court lobster. ” Everybody laughed out of joy. They loved him. They loved his sweetness,  his weirdness(怪诞),  his giant red claws,  and his skinny legs in his bright tights. He made the party. He danced with many fancy nobles in fancy clothes and had great fun.