高三英语大一轮复习32-7 Unit 2 robots核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  三十二　选修7　 Unit 2　Robots

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　If you live in Washington,  D. C. ,  or Redwood,  Calif. ,  you may have glimpsed a small,  boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk,  minding it’s own business,  but attracting the attention of many a curious onlooker. The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focused on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the world.

“Today,  more than ever,  people lead a busy and diverse life, ” Lex Bayer,  Starship’s CEO,  said in a statement online. “The hassle of needing to rearrange your life for a delivery will become a thing of the past. You don’t have to switch your working from home day,  reschedule meetings,  visit a locker,  drive to a post office or contact a deliveryman all because of a missed delivery. ”

The package delivery service is not available to everyone just yet. The company said it’s rolling out the service in Milton Keynes,  England. The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4 mph and can detect obstacles from as far as 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through just about anything, ” Nick Handrick,  head of operations for Starship’s D. C. office,  told The Washington Post’s Maura Judkis last year. “If you had something in the way—a stick—it’s able to climb the edges of a road. ”

By giving customers control of when deliveries occur,  Starship Technologies is offering its service as a way to battle package theft. In its announcement,  the company cited statistics from a Wakefield Research Poll for Comcast last year that found that 3 in 10 Americans who live in houses or townhouses have had packages stolen.

To sign up for the service,  which costs a little more than $10 per month,  customers need to download the company’s app. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address”, a unique address inside a Starship facility,  instead of a residence,  where they can have packages sent from places such as Amazon. com. Once a package is delivered to the Starship address,  customers receive a text that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了一项新科技发明——世界上第一个机器人包裹递送服务。

1. Which can best replace the underlined word “hassle” in paragraph 2?

A. Failure.  B. Expectation.

C. Safety.  D. Trouble.

【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容介绍的人工投递的不便之处可知, 此处指为快递而重新安排生活的麻烦将成为过去, 由此可知画线词词义为“麻烦”, 故D项正确。

2. What problem is the delivery robot facing?

A. There is a limit to its service area.

B. It takes longer to deliver packages.

C. It covers a short distance each time.

D. It can’t sense the barriers 20 feet away.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“The package delivery service is not available to everyone just yet”可知, 快递机器人面对的问题是包裹递送服务还不能提供给每一个人, 也就是说它的服务范围有限, 故A项正确。

3. How does the package by a robot avoid being stolen?

A. The company shortens the delivery hour.

B. The package is delivered to the house directly.

C. Its delivery time is in the control of customers.

D. The customers are informed of its delivery time in advance.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By giving customers control of when deliveries occur,  Starship Technologies is offering its service as a way to battle package theft”可知, 通过让客户控制送货时间, 该公司将其服务定位为打击包裹盗窃的一种方式, 故C项正确。

4. What can be inferred about Starship Delivery Address in the last paragraph?

A. It offers service to the customers free of charge.

B. It can arrange delivery robots for the customers.

C. It is a cheaper solution to the delivery of packages.

D. It sends the packages mainly to some shopping platforms.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Once a package is delivered to the Starship address,  customers receive a text that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot”可知, 一旦包裹被送到Starship Delivery Address, 客户就会收到一条短信, 允许他们通过机器人安排一次家庭递送。由此可知, 它能够为顾客准备好递送机器人, 故B项正确。

　　【知识拓展】长难句分析

1. By giving customers control of when deliveries occur,  Starship Technologies is offering its service as a way to battle package theft.

分析:by引导方式状语;when引导宾语从句;to battle作定语, 修饰名词way。

翻译:通过让顾客控制送货时间,  “Starship”科技使自己的服务成为了一种打击包裹盗窃的方式。

2. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address”, a unique address inside a Starship facility,  instead of a residence,  where they can have packages sent from places such as Amazon. com.

分析:a unique address是同位语;where引导定语从句。

翻译:然后顾客就可以创建一个 “Starship”送货地址, 这个地址在 “Starship”设备中是一个独一无二的地址, 而不是一个居住地(地址)。这样顾客就可以让机器人把来自像亚马逊网站这样地方的包裹送到这个地址。

B

　　More than one billion young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones and other audio devices,  the UN warned Tuesday,  proposing new safety standards for safe volume levels.

Currently,  about five percent of the global population,  or some 466 million people,  including 34 million children,  suffer from disabling hearing loss. Young people are particularly likely to develop such risky listening habits. Around half of those between the ages of 12 and 35,  or 1. 1 billion people,  are at risk due to “long and severe exposure to loud sounds,  including music they listen to through personal audio devices, ” the UN health agency said.

In a bid to safeguard hearing,  the World Health Organization and International Telecommunications Union issued an international standard for the manufacture and use of audio devices. WHO considers a volume above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes as unsafe. The safe listening devices and systems standard calls for a “sound allowance” software to be included in all audio devices,  to track the volume level and duration of a user’s exposure to sound,  and to evaluate the risk posed to their hearing. This system could alert a user if they have dangerous listening habits.

WHO is also calling for parental as well as automatic volume controls on audio devices to prevent dangerous use. While some smartphones and other audio devices already offer some of these features,  the UN would like to see a uniform standard used to help protect against disabling hearing loss.

“Think of it like driving on a highway,  but without a speedometer in your car or a speed limit, ” Shelly Chadha of the WHO told reporters in Geneva. “What we’ve proposed is that your smartphones come fitted with a speedometer,  with a measurement system which tells you how much sound you’re getting and tells you if you are going over the limit. ”

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍由于过度使用电子产品, 长期暴露于过高音量的环境中, 超过10亿年轻人面临听力丧失的风险, 因此联合国提议为安全音量设定新的安全标准。

5. What is the purpose of proposing new safe volume standards?

A. To warn people of dangerous listening habits.

B. To help protect against disabling hearing loss.

C. To promote the development of audio devices.

D. To prevent the manufacture and use of audio devices.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段More than one billion young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones and other audio devices,  the UN warned Tuesday,  proposing new safety standards for safe volume levels. 可知, 超过10亿的年轻人由于过度使用手机和其他音频设备面临听力丧失的危险, 因此联合国提议为安全音量设定新的安全标准。故可知, 设定新标准是为了预防(年轻人的)听力丧失, 故选B。

6. Where can you find the data that best supports “young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones”?

A. In paragraph 2. 　　　 B. In paragraph 3.

C. In paragraph 4. 　　　 D. In paragraph 5.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段Young people are particularly likely to develop such risky listening habits. Around half of those between the ages of 12 and 35,  or 1. 1 billion people,  are at risk due to “long and severe exposure to loud sounds,  including music they listen to through personal audio devices, ”可知, 年轻人更有可能形成危险的听力习惯, 将近一半的年龄在12至35岁的人, 由于长时间暴露在过高音量的环境中, 面临听力丧失的危险, 故第二段的数据可以证明年轻人面临听力丧失的危险, 故选A。

7. What do we know about safe volume levels according to paragraph 3?

A. It is safe to listen to music under any circumstances.

B. It is important to keep track of the risk for the users.

C. It is necessary to have users alerted by their parents.

D. It is acceptable to keep the volume at 90 decibels for 15 minutes.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段WHO considers a volume above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes as unsafe. 可知, 世界卫生组织把连续八小时暴露于85分贝以上的行为或者暴露于100分贝, 15分钟的行为定义为不安全, 故可以推出, 暴露于90分贝15分钟是安全的, 故选D。

8. What is the best title for the text?

A. Turning Down the Volume.

B. Making Good Use of Smartphones.

C. The Rise and Fall of Audio Devices.

D. The Safety Standards for Smartphones.

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍由于过度使用电子产品, 长期暴露于过高音量的环境中, 超过10亿年轻人面临听力丧失的风险, 因此联合国提议为安全音量设定新的安全标准。主要讲述过高音量的危害, 呼吁降低音量, 故选A。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. standard　　　　　n. 标准;规范

2. volume n. 音量;体积;容积

3. exposure n. 暴露;接触;面临

4. manufacture n. 量产;成批制造

5. feature n. 特点;特征

6. evaluate v. 评估;评价

7. alert v. 使警觉

adj. 警觉的;警惕的

8. automatic adj. 自动的;无意识的

Ⅱ. 完形填空

　　Our apartment has been hit by a “hurricane”. Every bit of furniture is 　1　 with paper chains,  scissors,  tape and modeling clay. 　2　,  I’m so exhausted tonight,  recovering from a surgery.  

The phone rings—for the sixth time in less than an hour. We know it is my mother,  again. A stroke claimed her brain,  but not her life. She is troubled by a severe mental 　3　 — She has no idea that she has 　4　 the things she is about to say a million times. Nor can she recall I had a 　5　.  

Each time she calls,  I play a game with 　6　 called “How Good a Person Can I Be?”. I’ve won five rounds of the game tonight;I am due for a 　7　 this time.  

“Mom! ” I 　8　. “You are not being removed from your home!  And we visited two days ago! ” Silence. Then: 

“I was only calling to say hi. ” My mother continues,  “Why are you yelling?”

I sink into the couch,  aware that my daughter is 　9　. She hears me scold my mother and lose my 　10　. I have not only failed at being a good person;I have failed at being a good 　11　 to my daughter.  

“Can I talk to Grandma Ellie?” My five-year-old daughter 　12　 the phone. 　13　,  I hand it over.  

Then,  I hear my mother 　14　 through the receiver. “Sweetheart!  How are you? Did you go to school today?” 

What magic is this? All she says is “Hi,  Grandma, ” Out of the phone comes a waterfall of good 　15　. My mother tells her how much she loves her and how lovely her voice sounds.  

I am not tired or angry;I am 　16　 inside,  watching my kindergartner 　17　 her fragile grandmother with such skillfulness. I’m fascinated by their 　18　.  

The mess in our apartment still 　19　 around me. I listen to my daughter whispering to her grandmother,  caring for her with extreme 　20　.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述作者由于被很多事情缠身, 因此对自己患中风的母亲发火了, 但是当看到女儿与母亲电话交流得很和谐, 作者很感动。

1. A. covered B. decorated

C. mixed D. filled

【解析】选A。cover覆盖;decorate装饰;mix混合;fill充满。根据后文可知, 家里很乱, 到处都是纸带, 剪刀, 磁带以及橡皮泥, 故选A。

2. A. What’s more B. Above all

C. Worse still D. Needless to say

【解析】选C。What’s more另外;Above all首先;Worse still更糟糕的是;Needless to say不必说。根据后文I’m so exhausted tonight,  recovering from a surgery可知, 作者很疲惫, 正从外科手术中恢复。可知此处应表示“更糟糕的是”, 故选C。

3. A. disorder B. fitness

C. performance D. function

【解析】选A。disorder混乱;fitness健康;performance表演, 表现;function功能。根据前文A stroke claimed her brain,  but not her life. 可知, 作者母亲患中风, 因此精神严重混乱, 故选A。

4. A. created B. completed

C. confirmed D. repeated

【解析】选D。create创造;complete完成;confirm确认;repeate重复。根据后文she is about to say a million times可知, 作者母亲重复说了很多次的事情, 故选D。

5. A. stroke B. surgery

C. headache D. problem

【解析】选B。stroke中风;surgery外科手术;headache头痛;problem问题。根据前文I’m so exhausted tonight,  recovering from a surgery. 可知, 作者做了手术, 其母亲记不得了, 故选B。

6. A. my daughter B. myself

C. my mom D. my grandma

【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析和反身代词。根据句意可知, 每次作者母亲打电话时, 作者都在和自己玩游戏, 故选B。

7. A. success B. winner

C. quarrel D. failure

【解析】选D。success成功;winner胜利者;quarrel吵架;failure失败。根据前文I’ve won five rounds of the game tonight可知, 作者那晚已经赢了五轮, 计划下一轮输掉(指作者忍耐母亲总是打电话, 在忍过5个电话后决定不再忍耐), 故选D。

8. A. whisper B. explain

C. yell D. promise

【解析】选C。whisper低声说;explain解释;yell咆哮;promise承诺。根据后文Why are you yelling可知, 作者在对母亲咆哮, 故选C。

9. A. imitating B. witnessing

C. laughing D. sleeping

【解析】选B。imitate 模仿;witness目睹;laugh大笑;sleep睡觉。根据后文She hears me scold my mother可知, 作者女儿听见了作者在责骂母亲, 故可知, 作者女儿在目睹其行为, 故选B。

10. A. belief B. face

C. temper D. way

【解析】选C。belief信念;face面子;temper脾气;way路, 方式。根据句意可知, 作者女儿听见了作者在责骂母亲, 在发脾气, 故选C。

11. A. friend B. companion

C. caregiver D. example

【解析】选D。friend朋友;companion伴侣;caregiver护理者, 照料者;example例子, 榜样。根据句意可知, 作者没有为女儿树立一个好榜样, 故选D。

12. A. reaches for B. picks up

C. plays with D. hangs up

【解析】选A。reach for去拿;pick up拿起;play with玩弄;hang up挂断电话。根据前一句Can I talk to Grandma Ellie?”可知, 女儿征求作者, 是否可以和奶奶谈话, 去拿电话, 故选A。

13. A. Excitedly B. Aimlessly

C. Wordlessly D. Unwillingly

【解析】选C。Excitedly兴奋地;Aimlessly没有目标地;Wordlessly不说话地, 无语地;Unwillingly不愿地。根据文章可知, 作者正在对母亲发脾气, 当女儿征求作者意见的时候, 作者一言不发地把电话递给女儿, 故选C。

14. A. call out B. break down

C. give up D. set out

【解析】选A。call out大声说;break down分解;give up放弃;set out出发。根据后一句Sweetheart!  How are you? Did you go to school today?”可知, 作者听见母亲通过话筒说出的话语, 故选A。

15. A. ideas B. cheers

C. relationship D. applause

【解析】选B。ideas观点, 想法;cheers欢呼声;relationship关系;applause掌声。根据后文My mother tells her how much she loves her and how lovely her voice sounds. 可知, 作者听到一阵欢呼声从电话中传出来, 故选B。

16. A. shocked B. weak

C. firm D. soft

【解析】选D。shocked震惊的;weak虚弱的;firm牢固的;soft柔软的。根据前文I am not tired or angry可知, 作者不再疲惫或者生气, 内心变得柔软, 故选D。

17. A. teach B. bother

C. handle D. acknowledge

【解析】选C。teach教;bother打扰;handle处理, 应付;acknowledge承认, 致谢。根据后文with such skillfulness可知, 作者女儿很有技巧地安抚她奶奶, 故选C。

18. A. exchange B. declaration

C. voices D. behavior

【解析】选A。exchange 交换, 谈话;declaration宣称;voices声音;behavior行为。根据前文可知, 女儿与奶奶在进行交谈, 故选A。

19. A. counts B. settles

C. expands D. disappears

【解析】选B。count数, 有价值;settle停留, 解决, 定居;expand扩张;disappear消失。根据前文可知, 作者屋里依然很乱, 故选B。

20. A. conditions B. confidence

C. efforts D. patience

【解析】选D。condition条件;confidence信心;effort努力;patience耐心。根据后一句I listen to my daughter whispering to her grandmother可知, 作者听见女儿与奶奶低声交谈, 很耐心地关心她, 故选D。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Cold Food Day,  which honors Jie Zitui,  a hermit (隐士)who lived some 2600 years ago, used to be observed 1. (wide),  but today few Chinese observe it except on and around the mountain 2. __________ the hermit lived.  

Jie Zitui served 3. __________ an advisor to Chong’er,  a prince in the state of Jin. A civil war forced the prince 4. (leave) Jin and Jie Zitui followed him. However,  when Chong’er returned and became the ruler of Jin,  his followers

5. (reward) with money,  land and official jobs while Jie Zitui was overlooked.  

So Jie Zitui chose the life of a hermit on Mt. Mian. Chong’er ordered

6. __________(he) men to set fire on Mt. Mian to drive him out of 7. mountain and then reward him. But Jie and his mother refused and were burned to death. Out of 8. __________(sad),  Chong’er declared Cold Food Day in honor of him. It was celebrated for 9. (century) in China until 10. _________(replace) by the more popular Tomb Sweeping Festival,  which begins the day after.  

【文章大意】本文介绍了寒食节的历史。

1. 【解析】widely。考查副词。本空需填的词修饰动词observed, 故应用副词形式。

2. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句, 指代先行词mountain在从句中充当地点状语, 故应填where。

3. 【解析】as。考查介词及固定短语。serve as固定短语, 意为“充当, 担任”。

4. 【解析】to leave。考查非谓语动词及固定短语。force sb.  to do sth. , 固定短语, 意为强迫某人做某事。

5. 【解析】were rewarded。考查谓语动词。根据句意:当重耳返回晋国并成为统治者后, 他的追随者都被奖励了金钱、土地和工作, 但是介子推被忽视了。可知本空需填的词在句中作谓语动词且和主语构成被动关系, 且根据全文时态可知应用一般过去时, 故填were rewarded。

6. 【解析】his。考查代词。根据句意:为了把介子推从山中赶出然后奖励他, 重耳命令他的手下放火烧山。可知, 应用形容词性物主代词, 故填his。

7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。山为特指, 指介子推隐居的那座山, 故填the。

8. 【解析】sadness。考查词性转换。of为介词, 所以应用名词, 故填sadness。

9. 【解析】centuries。考查名词复数。根据句意:在中国, 人们庆祝寒食节已有几百年的历史, 直到这个传统被更受欢迎的清明节所替代。可知应用名词复数, 故填centuries。

10. 【解析】replaced。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。replace和主句主语it构成被动关系, 故填replaced。

　【知识拓展】佳词积累

常用to do作宾语补足语的动词有:

advise;allow;ask;beg;cause;encourage;expect;forbid;force;invite;order;permit;persuade;promise;remind;require;teach;tell;want;warn;wish等。如:

The teacher requires us to hand in the homework before 9 o’clock.

I have persuaded him to give up smoking.