高三英语大一轮复习37-8 Unit 2 cloning核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评  三十七　选修8　 Unit 2　Cloning

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

An exciting landing process of Chang’e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器) was seen through the monitor at Beijing Aerospace Control Center in Beijing,  Jan. 3,  2019. It touched down on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a. m. Beijing Time,  becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing on the moon’s unknown side never visible from Earth.

China’s Chang’e-4 probe has started the exploration on the far side of the moon thanks to the relay satellite that provides a communication link with ground control. The relay satellite,  named Queqiao,  meaning Magpie Bridge,  after a Chinese legend (传说),  was launched on May 21,  2018,  and became the first communication satellite operating in the Halo Orbit,  nearly 500, 000 km from the earth. It can also provide communication for probes from other countries. The relay satellite will also be used for scientific and technological experiments. The maximum distance between the satellite and the Chang’e-4 probe on the far side of the moon is 79, 000 km. The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.

The satellite can stay in its orbit for a long time due to its relatively low fuel consumption,  as the earth’s and moon’s gravity balances its orbital moving. While in orbit,  it can “see” both the earth and the far side of the moon.

The concept of using a relay satellite in the Halo Orbit was first put forward by U. S. space experts in the 1960s,  but was realized by Chinese space engineers.

Researchers hope to use the cameras on the satellite to record asteroids (小行星) hitting the far side of the moon. To control the cost of the Chang’e-4 probe,  the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small,  weighing about 400 kg.

Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite,  putting them under high pressure. To promote public interest in space exploration,  the China National Space Administration invited people to write down their wishes for lunar and space exploration,  and the relay satellite carries the names of tens of thousands of participants and their messages.

【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间2019年1月3日10时26分, 我国嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面。

1. What do we learn from the second paragraph?

A. The relay satellite was launched on Jan. 3,  2019.

B. Chang’e-4 probe was the first communication satellite.

C. The relay satellite only explores the far side of the moon.

D. The relay satellite can handle data from Chang’e-4 probe.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth. 可知, 中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选D。

2. Why was the size of the relay satellite relatively small?

A. To reduce the cost as much as possible.

B. To make it circle Moon for a longer time.

C. To avoid being crashed by other satellites.

D. To follow American space experts’ advice.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的To control the cost of the Chang’e-4 probe,  the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small,  weighing about 400 kg. 可知, 中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本, 故选A。

3. What made researchers suffer from great stress?

A. Few people interested in the exploration on the moon.

B. The relay satellite carrying too much equipment.

C. Their lacking enough time to develop the relay satellite.

D. People’s never being optimistic about the relay satellite.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite,  putting them under high pressure. 可知, 研究者们压力很大是因为他们只有30个月的时间开发这个卫星, 即缺乏时间, 故选C。

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A. China is a new space power after the USA.

B. Chang’e-4 probe lands on Moon’s far side.

C. Chinese space engineers make much progress.

D. Space exploration is a dangerous challenge.

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面, 并介绍了卫星在月球登陆的情况, 因此, 本文的主要内容是嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选B。

B

Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.

Cumberland Islands,  Georgia

Just a few hours south of Savannah,  this national seashore is a picnic paradise. It’s an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss,  the trails are lined with trees and since it’s still a rural area,  the stars line up for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.

Grant Park,  Chicago

If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago,  go for a taste of a 20-day,  lake-front,  foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic,  appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th,  be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.

Cranberry Islands,  Maine

Here,  you’ll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry (渡船) service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it’s a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.

Big Sur,  California

The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities,  and unique geological formations. It’s good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope,  because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。

5. What are Cumberland Islands like?

A. They are just next to Savannah.

B. They haven’t lost their naturalness.

C. They are almost covered in Spanish moss.

D. They have a spectacular show every night.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由Cumberland Islands,  Georgia中的“It’s an unspoiled place. . . ” 可知, 这是一个未遭破坏的地方。所以Cumberland Islands并没有丧失它的自然风光。故B选项正确。

6. Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope?

A. At the Navy Pier. 　　

B. In the Deep South.

C. At Acadia National Park.

D. At the Point Lobos State Reserve.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。由Big Sur,  California中“The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. . . We recommend bringing a telescope,  because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance. ”可知, Point Lobos是评价很高的国家保护区。我们建议带上望远镜, 因为大部分野生动物只能在远处看到。所以在Point Lobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故D选项正确。

7. Why does the author write this passage?

A. To introduce some picnic areas.

B. To share personal stories about picnics.

C. To tell readers some good ways to relax.

D. To offer readers tips for winter holiday.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。由“Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US. ”(梦想着家人陪伴、充满乐趣的夏季野餐?我们想到了美国四大顶级野餐区), 以及下文对于野餐区的详细说明, 可以判断出作者写这篇短文的目的是要介绍一些野餐区。故A选项正确。

8. Where can we most probably read this passage?

A. In a personal dairy.

B. In a science report.

C. In a travel magazine.

D. In a geography textbook.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 短文介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。所以这篇短文是写给那些要去旅游的游客的, 希望他们在读到这篇短文之后, 获得更多关于去哪里旅游和野餐的信息。所以判断最有可能在旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故C选项正确。

　【知识拓展】长难句分析

1. Covered in Spanish moss,  the trails are lined with trees and since it’s still a rural area,  the stars line up for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.

分析:covered是过去分词作状语;since引导原因状语从句。

翻译:这些小路上到处都是寄生藤, 路边是一排排的树。因为它仍是乡下地方, 晚上时能看到壮观的星象, 给了人们完美的晚上观星的野餐机会。

2. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it’s a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.

分析:本句是祈使句;to take. . . 是定语, 修饰area。

翻译:出门时为这次旅行带上野餐篮, 因为这是一个浪漫野餐区, 你可以带上特殊的某人或者家人去参观这些岛。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

　　Leigha Bishop is always finding new ways to encourage her students. Recently,  she noticed one of her students 　1　 a strange hairstyle—a braided topknot (头饰). She 　2　 her at once. But the student thought she was 　3　. “She didn’t believe me,  so she responded nothing,  as she 　4　 away. ” Leigha told reporters.  

To the student’s 　5　,  Leigha came to school the very next day with the 　6　 same hairstyle. “I went home and got to work on my hair!  With my student’s hair being 　7　 to mine,  I thought the better way to show her how 　8　 she could make me feel was with the same braided topknot. ” 

Leigha 　9　 the chance of creating a hairstyle to encourage her students. “When students are 　10　 for who they are as an individual beyond grades on a report card,  they will want to go to school and want to 　11　 in life. ” she explained. “This small action of copying a hairstyle also shows that students have the 　12　 to inspire teachers. ” 

Leigha 　13　 a photo posing with her students and their 　14　 on Twitter(推特). “When your student is just so cute,  you have to copy her, ” she wrote. Another Twitter user,  decided to repost the picture in other words,  “This teacher,  Ms Bishop praised one of her students’ hair,  saying she loved it,  but the little girl didn’t 　15　 her. The next day,  the teacher came to school with her hair done the same as her student’s. So cute! ” The post spread 　16　 and many people 　17　 their thoughts. One said,  “We need more of this. It builds 　18　 (which makes them believe in themselves more). ” 

As a teacher,  Leigha saw how 　19　 it was to show her students the importance of showing themselves and wanted to make the 　20　 of all colors better and better.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 介绍一个老师为了博得学生的信任, 特意剪了一个与之一样的发型, 并且在网上获得广泛关注。

1. A. drawing 　B. wearing　 C. pulling　 D. dressing

【解析】选B。句意:最近, 她注意到一个学生留着一个新奇的发型, 一个编顶结。draw吸引, 画;wear穿戴;pull拉;dress穿衣。根据后文可知, 是学生的新奇的发型让Leigha Bishop也做了同样的发型, 故选B。

2. A. praised B. criticized

C. treated D. helped

【解析】选A。句意:她马上赞赏了学生。praise称赞;criticize批评;treat对待;help帮助。根据前文Leigha Bishop is always finding new ways to encourage her students. 可知, Leigha Bishop鼓励学生, 因而称赞学生的个性行为, 故选A。

3. A. puzzling B. laughing

C. joking D. treating

【解析】选C。句意:但是学生认为老师在开玩笑。puzzle疑惑;laugh大笑;joke开玩笑;treat对待。根据后文She didn’t believe me,  so she responded nothing可知, Leigha Bishop的行为没有起到预期的效果, 适得其反, 故选C。

4. A. walked B. put

C. blew D. cleared

【解析】选A。句意:她不相信我, 因为她离开的时候, 没有回应我。walk走;put放;blow吹;clear打扫。根据文章可知, 学生不认为老师是在夸奖自己, 故一言不发地走开了, 故选A。

5. A. sadness B. surprise

C. worry D. disappointment

【解析】选B。句意:让这个学生惊讶的是, Leigha Bishop 第二天留着同样的发型来到学校。sadness悲伤;surprise惊讶;worry担忧;disappointment失望。根据文章可知, Leigha为了让学生相信她, 做了一个与学生一模一样的发型, 因此学生很惊讶, 故选B。

6. A. awkward B. positive

C. alike D. exact

【解析】选D。awkward令人尴尬的;positive积极的;alike 像;exact准确的, 确切的。根据文章可知, Leigha为了让学生相信她, 做了一个一模一样的发型, 故选D。

7. A. funny B. familiar

C. different D. similar

【解析】选D。句意:由于我学生的发型与我的相似, 我认为展示她让我感觉挺不错的更好的方式就是留一个相同的编顶结发型。funny有趣的;familiar熟悉的;different 不同的;similar相似的。根据文章可知, Leigha为了让学生相信她, 留了一个相同的发型, 故选D。

8. A. nice　　 B. ugly　　 C. awful　　 D. terrible

【解析】选A。nice好的;ugly丑陋的;awful糟糕的;terrible可怕的。

9. A. played a part in

B. took advantage of

C. fell in love with

D. came up with

【解析】选B。句意:Leigha 利用做发型的机会来鼓励学生。play a part in起作用;take advantage of利用;fall in love with爱上;come up with想出。故选B。

10. A. mentioned B. replaced

C. evaluated D. examined

【解析】选C。句意:当学生们因为他们自身而不是仅仅因为报告单上的成绩被评价时, 他们将会想去学校, 同时想在生活中有所成就。mention提及;replace代替;evaluate评估;examine检查。故选C。

11. A. achieve B. wander

C. please D. demand

【解析】选A。achieve成功, 获得, 实现;wander漫游;please使……高兴;demand要求。根据文章可知, 学生们都想获得成功, 故选A。

12. A. wish B. responsibility

C. possibility D. problem

【解析】选C。句意:模仿学生的发型这一小小的举动也说明了学生有可能启发老师。wish愿望;responsibility责任;possibility可能性;problem问题。故选C。

13. A. took B. used C. shared D. enjoyed

【解析】选C。句意:Leigha在推特上分享了一张照片, 这张照片是关于学生和他们发型的摆拍。take带;use用;share分享;enjoy喜欢。故选C。

14. A. hairstyles B. homework

C. clothes D. fashion

【解析】选A。hairstyles发型;homework家庭作业;clothes衣服;fashion时尚。根据文章可知, 本文谈论发型, 故选A。

15. A. regret B. satisfy C. like D. trust

【解析】选D。句意:但是这个小女孩不相信她。regret后悔;satisfy使满意;like喜欢;trust信任。根据前文可知, 小女孩不信任这个老师, 故选D。

16. A. quickly B. slowly

C. steadily D. luckily

【解析】选A。句意:这个帖子传播得很快, 很多人都写下他们的想法。quickly快速地;slowly缓慢地;steadily稳定地;luckily幸运地。故选A。

17. A. forgot about B. set about

C. paid attention to D. wrote down

【解析】选D。句意:这个帖子传播得很快, 很多人都写下他们的想法。forget about忘记;set about着手;pay attention to注意到;write down写下。根据本句可知, 帖子传播很快, 很多人写评论, 故选D。

18. A. confidence  B. companies

C. houses  D. strength

【解析】选A。句意:我们需要更多像这样的东西, 它建立了信心。confidence 自信;companies公司;houses房子;strength力气。根据括号内的解释可知选A。

19. A. embarrassed B. tough

C. important  D. wonderful

【解析】选C。句意:作为一个老师, Leigha 让学生能够明白展示自己是多么重要, 同时也想让各种肤色的学生变得越来越好。embarrassed尴尬的;tough困难的;important重要的;wonderful神奇的。根据文章可知, 本文主要讲述学生新奇发型的事情, 对此老师是认可的, 故选C。

20. A. countries  B. teachers

C. schools  D. students

【解析】选D。country国家;teacher老师;school学校;student学生。根据文章可知, 本文讲述学校里面留发型的事情, 与学生有关。故选D。

Ⅲ. 语法填空世纪金榜导学号

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Air pollution is a killer. The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if 1. (pollute) air does not kill you,  it can make you very sick. Breathing in dirty air 2. (frequent) may do great harm to your body, 3. __________ can also affect your brain and your ability 4. (think). A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge decrease in your 5. (intelligent). The researchers reported that long term suffering air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two 6. (area):language and math.  

The researchers studied about 25, 000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014,  these Chinese men,  women and children 7. (give) language and math tests. The researchers found that breathing in the polluted air can reduce 8. person’s education level by about one year. The effect generally is even 9. (bad) for those with little or no education. The researchers noted that the effect of pollution 10. language ability is even more serious.

1. 【解析】polluted。考查非谓语动词。句意:即使污染的空气不会致你于死地, 但是也会让你生病。修饰名词用形容词, pollute与air之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词形式, 故用polluted。

2. 【解析】frequently。考查副词。句意:经常吸入脏空气不仅对身体有害, 还会影响大脑和思考能力。修饰动词用副词, 故用frequently。

3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Breathing in dirty air, 从句缺乏主语, 故用关系代词which。

4. 【解析】 to think。考查非谓语动词。ability常用不定式作定语, 表示“做……的能力”。

5. 【解析】intelligence。考查词形转换和名词。句意:研究表明空气污染也会造成你们智力的降低。由于有your修饰, 故用名词intelligence。

6. 【解析】areas。考查名词复数。句意:长期受空气污染的影响, 会对智力的两个方面造成影响:语言和数学。two后接可数名词复数, 故用areas。area作“方面”讲为可数名词。

7. 【解析】were given。考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意:在2010年至2014年间, 对中国男性、女性和儿童做了语言和数学测试。分析句子可知, 本句缺乏谓语, give与主语之间为动宾关系, 故用被动语态, 陈述过去的行为, 故用一般过去时, 综述用were given。

8. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:研究人员发现吸入污染的空气, 会降低一个人的教育水平大约一年。根据句意可知, 应填不定冠词。

9. 【解析】worse。考查比较级。句意:这通常对受教育程度低的人影响更大。分析句子以及even可知, 本句讲述空气污染对特殊人群的影响更大, 故用比较级worse。

10. 【解析】on/upon。考查介词。句意:研究人员指出, 空气污染对语言能力的影响甚至更严重。分析句子可知, the effect on/upon. . . 对……的影响, 故用介词on或者upon。