高三英语大一轮复习38-8 Unit 3 inventors and inventions核心素养测评含解析

核心素养测评 三十八　选修8　 Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　The biggest challenge faced by travelers,  especially those who like to have a backpacking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now,  thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack,  that worry may be a thing of the past.

The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010,  while he was planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space,  he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. Then he quitted his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bag’s design. By 2012,  the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space,  making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light.

Not surprisingly,  the bag which was worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers,  university students and even passengers. However,  Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage of his invention—dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag!  The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem.

In order to make the pack active,  dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two or three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the colors are massaged for a few minutes. After a quick wash,  they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland,  the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks!  What’s even more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13 liters of water,  it can be used to wash more clothes at a time.

The best part is that the 99-dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year,  only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable,  making it easy to store when it’s not in use. With the Scrubba Wash Pack,  wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop,  or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Ash Newland的个人经历激发了他创造Scrubba Wash Pack, 这使得旅行者所担心的洗衣服问题即将成为过去。

1. What led Ash Newland to create the Scrubba Wash Pack?

A. His job requirements.

B. A traditional washboard.

C. His interest in invention.

D. His personal experience.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的Struck by the limited packing space,  he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. 被有限的包装空间所震撼, 他从传统的洗衣板中得到灵感, 创造了一个可以用来清洗衣服的袋子。可知Ash Newland的个人经历使其有了创造Scrubba Wash Pack的想法, 故D选项正确。

2. Why wasn’t Ash Newland satisfied with his former invention?

A. Clothes couldn’t be washed well.

B. The invention was not so convenient.

C. The bag couldn’t contain enough water.

D. The cost of the invention was very high.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的However,  Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage of his invention—dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag!  可知他认为他的发明有一个缺点——脏衣服必须放在一个单独的袋子里随身携带, 所以他认为他先前的发明不太方便, 故选择B项。

3. It can be inferred that the improved Scrubba Wash Pack ______.  

A. turns to be much environmentally friendlier.

B. will replace the traditional washing machines.

C. will be widely used by more travelers in the future.

D. can encourage more people to travel a long distance.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的With the Scrubba Wash Pack,  wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop,  or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past! 有了Scrubba洗衣袋, 在外国城市里闲逛, 寻找洗衣店, 或者购买洗衣机, 可能很快就会成为过去! 可推知Scrubba Wash Pack将在未来被更多的旅行者广泛使用, 故选择C项。

4. What is the best title of this passage?

A. A thing of the past:Travelers’ worry of washing clothes.

B. The Scrubba Wash Pack—A bag free of washing.

C. The development of a great invention.

D. How to design a new pack for travelers.

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段, 可知旅行者所担心的洗衣服问题即将成为过去, 故选择A项。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. portable　　adj.  便携式的;轻便的

2. inspiration n. 灵感;启示

3. quit v. 放弃;离任

4. hit v. /n.  击打;袭击;成功

5. tightly adv.  紧紧地

6. capacity n. 能力;容量

7. foldable adj. 可折叠的

B

世纪金榜导学号

RISE is an exciting project designed and led by young people, for young people. Created by St John Ambulance, the nation’s leading first aid charity, the project is now available in communities across the country. If you’re aged between 16 and 25 years old,  and are not in employment,  education or training,  RISE could help you learn new skills,  and improve your prospects.

What you’ll learn

St John Ambulance believes that everyone should have access to first aid,  and we are devoted to equipping as many people as possible with the skills to be the difference between life and death. As a participant,  you’ll learn first aid through our Stick-it sessions,  and also get the opportunity to develop new skills,  giving you the confidence to train others in your community,  or the qualifications in youth leadership you need to get your career up and running.

Choosing the right path for you

At the heart of the RISE project is a commitment to peer-to-peer learning. As well as being taught first aid,  you’ll be given the skills and guidance to pass your knowledge onto other people in your community. RISE offers you the chance to gain a lot of qualifications and to choose a path that helps you make the most of your talents.

Stick-it:Our one-day introduction to first aid focuses on gun and knife related injuries. You’ll find out how to manage an incident and learn some of the most commonly needed first aid skills.

First aid:You’ll focus on CPR(心肺复苏术), bleeding and dealing with an emergency situation on this six-hour course.

Keeping children safe:A course designed for those who come into contact with children through their work or leisure activities. This short programme works by helping individuals to understand the unusual role they play in keeping children safe from harm.

Basic skills in youth work:This course provides an introduction to St John Ambulance and is the minimum qualification for a youth leadership role within the organization.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了“RISE”这个项目的相关内容。

5. It can be learned from the text that RISE _________________.  

A. was set up by a middle-aged person

B. plays an important role in trade

C. has much experience in teaching

D. offers first aid training

【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第一段“the nation’s leading first aid charity”和“RISE could help you learn new skills,  and improve your prospects. ”可知, RISE提供急救培训。故D选项正确。

6. What can we learn about the project?

A. It ensures the trainees good jobs.

B. It tries to train as many people as possible.

C. It educates people to face death properly.

D. It focuses on leadership qualities and skills.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由What you’ll learn中的“and we are devoted to equipping as many people as possible with the skills to be the difference between life and death”可知, 它努力训练尽可能多的人。故B选项正确。

7. The text is mainly about ______.  

A. advantages of taking the courses

B. tips on how to give first aid

C. a guidance on how to give first aid

D. an introduction to some first-aid courses

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其是“Stick-it;First aid;Keeping children safe;Basic skills in youth work”可知, 文章主要是关于一些急救课程的介绍。故D选项正确。

8. Where does the text most probably come from?

A. A science magazine.

B. A book review.

C. A community website.

D. A business report.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段“Created by St John Ambulance, the nation’s leading first aid charity, the project is now available in communities across the country. ”和文中多次出现的“community”, 可知这篇文章最可能来自社区网站。故C选项正确。

【知识拓展】长难句分析

1. Created by St John Ambulance,  the nation’s leading first aid charity,  the project is now available in communities across the country.

分析:Created. . . 是状语。

翻译:这个项目由圣约翰救伤会创建, 是全国顶尖的急救慈善组织, 现在在全国社区都可使用。

2. As a participant,  you’ll learn first aid through our Stick-it sessions,  and also get the opportunity to develop new skills,  giving you the confidence to train others in your community,  or the qualifications in youth leadership you need to get your career up and running.

　分析:to develop. . . 是定语, 修饰opportunity。

翻译:作为一个参与者, 你可以通过我们的Stick-it部分学到急救知识, 还有机会发展新的技巧, 让你在训练社区人员时充满信心, 或者给你使你的事业得到发展和运行的青年领导资格。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

Public Speaking Training

Get a coach

　1　, so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses,  here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.  

Focus on positives

Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well. 　2　,  so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.  

　3　 

If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts,  walk away!  Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. 　4　. As far as we’re concerned,  there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.  

You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly,  good public speaking training should treat you as a special one,  with your own personal habits. 　5　. Your training course should help you bring out your personality,  not try to turn you into someone you’re not.  

A. You aren’t like anybody else

B. You already do lots of things well

C. Turn your back on too many rules

D. Practise speaking whenever possible

E. Whatever the presentation,  public speaking is tough

F. The one thing you don’t want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公共演讲训练, 也可以参加公共演讲训练课, 并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。

1. 【解析】选E。据下一句中的ready to offer you public speaking training and courses(准备为你提供公开演讲训练和课程)可知开头说的是与public speaking(公开演讲)有关的问题, E项:Whatever the presentation,  public speaking is tough. 无论什么样的演讲, 公开演讲都很难。符合文意, 故选E。

2. 【解析】选B。本题位于段中, 通过上下文得出选项。后一句so good public speaking training should develop those与空格形成因果关系, 所以空格中应表达“很多事你已经做得很好了”的含义, B项:You already do lots of things well你已经很好地做了很多事情了。符合文意, 故选B。

3. 【解析】选C。本题位于段首, 为整段的主旨大意。本段第一句中提到lots of dos and don’ts, walk away可知如果培训讲太多的条条框框的话, 要对条条框框说不, C项:Turn your back on too many rules对太多的规矩说不。符合文意, 故选C。

4. 【解析】选G。上句Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about, 可知后一空与前一句形成因果关系, 脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。G项:So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse. 因此试图将一整套规则强行纳入其中只会使事情变得更糟。符合文意, 故选G。

5. 【解析】选A。根据主题句You are a special person not a clone(你是一个特别的人而不是一个克隆人)以及本空上句中treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits(把你当作一个特别的人, 有你自己的习惯)可以得出答案You aren’t like anybody else(你是与众不同的)。故选A。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2020·杭州模拟)

假定你是李华, 上周日学校组织全校高三师生去公园进行了一次户外郊游活动, 受到了大家的一致好评。请你就本次活动给校园英语报写一篇报道。内容包括:

1. 活动时间、地点;

2. 活动内容;

3. 活动的意义。

注意:1. 词数80左右;

2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Last Sunday, our school organized an extraordinary hiking,  which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of Senior Three.

Bathed in the warm sunshine,  we arrived at our destination on foot,  talking and laughing. In the park,  we enjoyed the beautiful scenery,  which was a visual feast. Additionally,  some students gave us their marvelous performance,  making us burst into laughter.

By immersing everyone in the charm of nature,  this activity definitely offers relaxation to us.

Not only can it strengthen our perseverance,  it also enhances our friendship.