高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life学案设计

Unit 2 Lessons in life

被动语态

被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。

[观察例句]

1．My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.

2．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years.

3．When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.

4．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.

5．Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.

[归纳用法]

一、被动语态的构成：be ＋过去分词

各种时态的被动语态形式(以do 为例)

二、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题

1．主动变为被动时，宾语成了主语 ，(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。

The boss made him work all day long.

→He was made to work all day long(by the boss)．

2．主动变为被动时，可将双宾语中的任何一个作为主语。

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

→An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.

→I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.

3．短语动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丢掉后面的介词或副词)。

The children were taken good care of(by her)．

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

4．情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

5．当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。(2)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。

People say he is a smart boy.

→He is said to be a smart boy.

→It is said that he is a smart boy.

People know paper was made in China first.

→Paper was known to be made in China first.

→It is known that paper was made in China first.

[特别提醒]

1．不能用被动语态的几种情况

(1)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。

(2)表示归属的动词或短语，如have，belong to等。

(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。

(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。

(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。

2．主动形式表示被动意义

(1)当连系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。

The flowers smell sweet.

花儿散发着芳香。

This kind of cloth washes easily.

这种布料容易洗。

(2)break out，shut off，take place，turn off，work out等短语表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。

The lamps on the wall turned off.

墙上的灯熄灭了。

[即学即练]　翻译/单句语法填空

①这道菜尝起来味道很美。

This dish tastes delicious.

②The song which is being sung(sing)on the stage now was just written by Albert，for whom being a famous musician is his forever dream.

③It is reported (report)that many people die of traffic accidents each year.

④According to the result of the inspection，they found that the insect contains a powerful drug，so local farmers were employed (employ)to catch the insects.

⑤At the end of December，the library's old and classic books will be put(put)online too，bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.

⑥Facial recognition technology has been extended(extend)into many areas of school life so far.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils were allowed(allow)to visit him in his prison.

2．All the kids will fit(fit) in the back of the car.

3．When we got to the spot，the injured had been sent(send)to the hospital.

4．We've got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is being used/is used(use)in the classroom.

5．In US high school，everything is recorded(record)and graded，including your grades on quizzes，tests and final examinations.

6．The workers were made to work(work)ten hours a day.

7．I have been told(tell)that one more volunteer will be needed this year and I think you are suitable for the job.

8．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out (run out)．We must act immediately before there is none left.

9．Mary went to the box office at lunch time，but all the tickets had sold(sell)out.

10．The palace caught fire three times last century，and little of the original building remains (remain)now.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

It is tough for any basketball player to get to the major leagues，but Jim Abbott had an extra obstacle that should 1.be overcome(overcome)．

He might have been an average person if he 2.had been born(born)with a right hand.

When Abbott was young，other children 3.were teasing(tease)him constantly.This didn't stop Abbott.He loved sports，and he practiced constantly.In high school Abbott 4.joined(join)the school basketball team and became a pitcher(投手)for the team.Later he 5.attended(attend)University of Michigan on a basketball scholarship.In 1987 Abbott 6.was named (name)American's top amateur athlete，and in 1988 he pitched his way to a gold medal in the Olympics.But Abbott didn't think he 7. was finished(finish)yet.Abbott went straight to the majors.He pitched for the California Angels and later for the New York Yankees.

How did Abbott accomplish all this with just one hand？This is what fans often asked.Jim Abbott 8. was seen(see)a left­handed pitcher，not as a one­handed pitcher.He once said that he didn't grow up thinking about not having a right hand.When asked to explain how he 9.had made(make)it to the top，Abbott said “If I had not worked very hard，I 10.would be  (be) a failure now.The only thing that could stop me was myself.”