外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 The world meets China学案

Unit 3 The world meets China

阅读教材P32－33课文，选出最佳选项

1．What was the first Chinese historical work that Joachim read?

A．Shi Ji.

B．Homer's epic poems.

C．Records of the Grand Historian.

D．Song of the Shepherd.

2．How do people in the Netherlands select works to translate?

A．According to the work itself.

B．According to people's interest.

C．According to the money provided by the punishing houses.

D．According to the opinions of respected Sinologists.

[答案]　1－2　AD

Words and Phrases

　account n．叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户 v．说明；解释

 [教材P30]　Zhang Qian，a diplomat，gave a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia for the Han court.

张骞是一位外交官，他为汉朝提供了一份关于中亚地区的可靠报告。

[例1]　The preface of the book includes an account of the author's life.

该书前言记述了作者生平。

[例2]　The report presents a faithful account of the event.

这篇报告如实地记述了那次事件。

[造句]　 她的日记记述了事情的经过。

Her diary gives an account of what happened.

[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空/句型转换

①According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent  (中国占30%左右)of total global fertilizer consumption.

②I was a new teacher，and I gave an honest account of the students' work.

③The patient can on no account be moved until a doctor has arrived on the scene.

→On no account can the patient be moved until a doctor has arrived on the scene.

　in addition to另外，加之，除……之外(还)

[教材P30]　In addition to studying Western literature，he wrote a number of works on Chinese culture.

除了学习西方文学外，他还写了许多关于中国文化的著作。

[例1]　You need money and time；in addition，you need diligence.

你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。

[例2]　In China，both late marriages and late childbirth are advocated，in addition to fewer and better births.

在中国，晚婚晚育和少生优生均受到提倡鼓励。

[造句]　 除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。

In addition to my weekly wage，I got a lot of tips.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①In addition，I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.

②Working out in the morning provides additional(addition)benefits beyond being physically fit.

　familiar adj.熟悉的

[教材P32]　The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all.

中国文学世界是我们大家都熟悉的。

[例1]　Your name is familiar to me.

我熟悉你的名字。

[例2]　Rose heard the familiar voice，but tuned out the words.

罗斯听到了熟悉的声音，但没注意听说的是什么。

[造句]　 我不了解他的性格。

I am not familiar with his character.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换

①He is a new­comer，so he is unfamiliar (familiar)with the school.

②These are the facts that are familiar to every schoolboy.

→These are the facts with which every schoodboy is familiar．

　prior adj. 先前的；较早的

[教材P32]　Prior to that，the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems.

在此之前，我曾经接触到的唯一伟大的历史作品是荷马史诗。

[例1]　I'm sorry I have a prior engagement.

对不起，我有约会在先。

[例2]　She had to refuse the invitation because of a prior arrangement.

由于事先有安排，她不得不拒绝这个邀请。

[造句]　在十字路口，校车有优先通行权。

At the crossroads，school buses have a prior right to pass.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The will was made two days prior to his death.

②My  priority (prior) is to finish my homework then dinner.

③A patrol car has priority over other traffic.

　determined adj.决心；决定；决意；坚定的；坚决的；果断的

[教材P33]　I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it，and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.

我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就爱上了它，并决心将它翻译成保加利亚语。

[例1]　His enemies are determined to ruin him.

他的敌人决意要毁了他。

[例2]　He was determined that none of his children would be denied education.

他下定决心要让他的每个孩子都接受教育。

[造句]　 我们下定决心，要在元旦前完成这项工作。

We are determined to get the work done before New Year's Day.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I determined to write(write)them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序)，never letting myself leave out a tough idea.

②Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination (determine)to push further and keep on going.

③Determined(determine)to do this on my own，I spent several weeks going door­to­door for a job，but found little response.

[小片段填空]

The very determined man has determined to deal with the matter with great courage and firm determination．

　see...done 看见……被做

[教材P33]　Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands，and they are well­received.

每年在荷兰会见证更多的中国作家的作品被出版，并且人们对它们反应良好。

[例1]　I would like to see the plan carried out.

我想看到这个计划被执行。

[例2]　I saw him punished by his father.

我看见他被他父亲惩罚了。

[造句]　我看见他被狗咬了。

I saw him bitten by a dog.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I saw him crying(cry)under the road.

②The little boy saw the dog killed(kill)．

③Can you see the bridge being built (build)?

主旨大意题

说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：

(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text?

(2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on?

(3)The passage is mainly about         ．

(4)The general/main idea of the passage is         ．

(5)The passage mainly focuses on         ．

解题技巧—— “主题句定位”寻主旨

文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。

找主题句四个小窍门

1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词。

[典例]　

A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.

I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．

The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!

The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervously，but ready to prove something to myself.

Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!

At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！”

By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

By mile 21，I was starving!

As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m.or questioned my expenses on running.

I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．

★What does the story mainly tell us?

A．A man owes his success to his family support.

B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.

C．Failure is the mother of success.

D．One is never too old to learn.

B　[通读全文可知，作者在讲述了自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。]

[对点训练]　

A

Boys & Girls Clubs of King County is proud to announce Cassy，a member of Wallingford Boys & Girls Club，has won the title of our Youth of the Year.

In total，12 extraordinary teens from Clubs across the county competed for the title.Each candidate was judged on the following：leadership and service to their Club and community；their life goals and values；moral character；academic success and their public speaking skills during an interview.

Cassy walked away with the winning title and a $2，000 education scholarship.She said，“When there was no one else to reach out to，I knew I could turn to the staff at the Boys & Girls Club.Without the Club，I wouldn't have had the strength to continue my studies while I was homeless.I have come to think of the Boys & Girls Club as not only a place to go to after school，but a shelter and a home.”

“Cassy is incredibly hard­working and driven，” said Meghan Sweet，Director of Wallingford Boys & Girls Club.“She won't let her challenges get in the way of her success.The Club has provided her with a second home，while she in return has helped make the Club a warm and welcoming place we strive to provide for all our members.The world needs more young women like Cassy，who has proved that anyone who is given a place and an opportunity to develop their potential can become a community leader.”

Cassy values the voices of individuals who are homeless.She herself has experienced homelessness，and wants to share real stories of the homeless to promote people's understanding of them.She co­founded a student organization where she and other students interview homeless individuals and share their stories on a Facebook page called “The Unheard Voices of Seattle”．

★What is the passage mainly talking about?

A．The Unheard Voices of Seattle.

B．The winner of the Youth of the Year.

C．Boys & Girls Clubs of King County.

D．The moving stories of homeless kids.

B　[主旨大意题。本文围绕Cassy获得Boys & Girls Clubs of King County的“Youth of the Year”称号展开了叙述，然后讲述了该称号的评选条件、Cassy获奖后的感受、他人对Cassy的评价以及Cassy为让人们更加了解无家可归的人而做出的努力等。故选B。]

B

If some parts of a body are very sick or damaged，then doctors might need to remove them.Another way doctors can help is to grow new tissue to replace what is sick or damaged.This is called regenerative medicine(再生医学)．

Regenerative medicine sounds like something from a science fiction movie but it is not a new idea.Inside our bones，we have something called “marrow”，which makes our blood and keeps us healthy.Doctors have been giving sick people the bone marrow from other healthy people for the last 30 or 40 years，and this is a kind of regenerative medicine.

Newer developments in regenerative medicine include growing new skin in a laboratory and using it to help people who have been hurt in fires or accidents.Another example of regenerative medicine is a technique developed from studying frogs and mice.When cells are old，like in adults，they can't change what they do in our bodies.For example，a skin cell can't change into an eye cell.But when cells are very young，they can become any cell type.These young cells are called stem cells，and doctors can use them to grow any type of tissue，such as skin，heart or eye.John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka won the 2012 Nobel Prize for their studies in this area.

Professor Fiona Watt，from the Centre of Regenerative Medicine at King's College，London，believes that regenerative medicine is so exciting because many different kinds of experts need to work together.3D printers may be used to print new bones by experts，who need to work closely with university scientists and the surgeons who do the operations in hospitals.

We can not yet grow new arms or legs for people，but the science fiction dream of regenerative medicine may be closer than we think.Perhaps in the future，doctors will be able to grow whole new bodies for us.

★What's the main idea of the passage?

A．How to help very sick or damaged people.

B．Regenerative medicine and science fiction.

C．We can grow our new bodies in the future.

D．Regenerative medicine and its development.

D　[主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了什么是再生医学，再生医学的具体应用和发展过程及前景。“Regenerative medicine and its development”是全文的主旨，故选D。]