2021学年Unit 5 Into the unknown学案

Unit 5 Into the unknown

1．civilise v．文明化；教化→civilisation n．文明→civilised adj.文明的

2．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟→ruinous  adj.毁灭性的→ruinously adv.毁灭地

3．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定→dismissal n．摒弃；不予考虑→dismissive adj.轻蔑的

4．abandon v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的→abandonment n．离弃；遗弃

1．bury v．将……埋在下面，覆盖；埋葬，安葬，丧失；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入，把……插入

①The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 覆盖

②She's 85 and has buried three husbands. 丧失

③He had learnt to bury his feelings. 掩藏

④He walked slowly，his hands buried in his pockets. 插入

2．abandon v．离弃，逃离；遗弃，抛弃；舍弃；中止；放弃(信念等)

①He gave the order to abandon the ship. 舍弃

②They abandoned the match because of rain. 中止

③Critics accused him of abandoning his principles. 放弃

④This is a baby abandoned by its parents. 遗弃

Words and Phrases

　correspond v．相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信

[教材P50]　Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.

通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。

[例1]　Your account of the event does not correspond with/to hers.

你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。

[例2]　The two maps of London correspond closely.

这两张伦敦的地图很相似。

[造句]　 他的行为与观点不一致。

His actions do not correspond with/to his ideas.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The translation does not quite correspond to/with the original.

②You will allow me to consider that I correspond with him through you.

③March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the corresponding(correspond)period of last year.

　bury v．埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖

[教材P50]　Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.

基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。

[例1]　The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.

海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。

[例2]　He'd had to bury his pain over the years.

他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。

[造句]　狗把骨头埋在花园里。

The dog buried its bone in the garden.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Buried(bury)in his study，he wasn't aware that all the others had left.

②Burying (bury)his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.

[小片段填空]

The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in her hands.So she did not notice the thief who stood beside her with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat.

　apply vi.申请；适用；请求 vt.申请；应用

[教材P50]　They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.

他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。

[例1]　The new technology was applied to farming.

这项新技术被应用于农业。

[例2]　We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.

我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

[造句]　这个规则并不能适用于所有的情况。

You can not apply this rule to every case.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①We should apply what we learnt to the construction of our country.

②When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.

③To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(applicant)to attend the opening ceremony.

④Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application(apply)．

[小片段填空]

Since last year，I have been applying myself to studying(study) the latest technology about planting.I think that we should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice.These new technology，if applied(apply)to farming，will help increase the grain output.I have applied for a full­time job in the village.To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply)．

　decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝

[教材P51]　Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.

然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。

[例1]　The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.

9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。

[例2]　This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.

这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。

[造句]　他的健康状况最近开始恶化。

His health has begun to decline recently.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I don't know why the boy declined to answer (answer)a question.

②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.

③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year to 5 million.

[小片段填空]

With his bonus on the decline，he decided to stay at home and declined to have(have)a holiday.

　claim v．声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领 n．声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔

[教材P51]　When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.

当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。

[例1]　Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.

如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西了。

[例2]　You should be able to claim the cost from the car insurance.

你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。

[造句]　 你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的大衣。

You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换

①As the victim in the accident，I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered.

②Scientists claimed to have made (make)a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

③It is claimed that he had seen aliens with his own eyes.

→ He claimed to have seen aliens with his own eyes．

　lead to 引起，导致；通向

[教材P51]　This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.

这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。

[例1]　Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.

技术变革必然会导致失业。

[例2]　This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.

这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。

[造句]　这可能会导致巨大的压力。

This can lead to significant stress.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I want to know what led you to take(take)up acting as a career.

②The new evidence led to the high official being arrested(arrest)．

[小片段填空]

His lack of confidence led to a lot of suffering.And the success of his father led him to believe all the roads lead to Rome.So he told himself to be confident and just do it.

　rate n．速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用v.评估

[教材P51]　Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.

许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。

[例1]　The disease has spread at an alarming rate.

这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。

[例2]　The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.

轿车以每小时40英里的速度行驶。

[造句]　他正以每小时70英里的速度行驶。

He is driving at the rate of seventy miles an hour.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①I may be away on business next week，but at any rate I'll be back by Friday.

②At this rate(照这样下去)，we'll soon be bankrupt.

③At any rate(不管怎么样)，we must go there.

　ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭；失去工作(或地位等)；破产

[教材P51]　Its once­great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.

它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。

[例1]　The scandal brought about his ruin.

那件丑闻使他身败名裂。

[例2]　The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.

农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。

[造句]　 这些寺庙已破败不堪。

The temples have fallen into ruin.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①Years of fighting has left the area in ruins.

②The whole city lay in ruins (ruin)after the earthquake，which made them lie awake all night.

③They let the house go to rack and ruin(变得一团糟)．

　abandon vt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃；停止(支持或帮助)；舍弃；逃离n.放任；放纵

[教材P52]　But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.

但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。

[例1]　I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.

我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。

[例2]　The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。

[造句]　 这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。

The baby was abandoned by its mother.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①They discovered some valuable goods in the abandoned (abandon)house.

②Snow forced many drivers to abandon (abandon)their vehicles.

③He abandoned himself(he) to despair.

[小片段填空]

 One winter morning we came upon an abandoned puppy on the street.I wondered who it was that abandoned such a cute puppy.

　dismiss v．摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职； 使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定

[教材P52]　Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.

虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。

[例1]　Three workers were dismissed for being lazy.

三个工人因怠惰而被解雇。

[例2]　 The rich man didn't mind at all dismissing a servant from his place.

那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。

[造句]　这个男的被解雇了。

The man was dismissed from his job.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①She tried to dismiss him from her mind.

②His boss dismissed him from his job for making too many mistakes.

③Do not come back.This is your final dismissal(dismiss)．

Sentence Patterns

　whatever引导让步状语从句

[教材P51]　Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.

不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。

句式分析：句子中whatever the reasons 是整个句子的让步状语从句。

[例1]　Whatever you do，don't look for a pay increase when you know the company is going through some difficulty.

不管你做什么，在知道公司遭遇困境时不要指望加薪。

[例2]　Whatever you want to chat about，we'll do it tonight.

不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。

[造句]　 不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。

Whatever you are doing，do something else when you want to smoke.

[翻译1]　无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。

Whatever the result is，we should accept it with a smile，because we have tried our best.

[翻译2]　无论距离有多远，我们都感觉彼此很亲近。

 However far away we are，we feel close to each other.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Whenever I'm unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up.

②As young people，we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work，no matter how ordinary it is.

③Wherever they looked，they saw nothing but ruins after the terrible earthquake.

④Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.

　leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语

[教材P52]　Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.

同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。

句式分析：此句中的us 是leave 的宾语，thinking about...是us 的补足语。

[例1]　If you leave the water running when you don't use it，you are wasting.

如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你是在浪费。

[例2]　Don't leave the light on when you are not in the room.

当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。

[造句]　别让她在雨中等你。

Don't leave her waiting for you outside in the rain.

[翻译1]　使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。

What disappoints me is that she leaves me to finish the work by myself.

[翻译2]　把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规则。

You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①Hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the books lying(lie)open on the table.

②You'd better leave the door open (open)to let in fresh air.

③He had to go home，leaving the work unfinished (finished)．

④You should leave the lawyer to settle(settle)the problem.

⑤If the clothes don't fit you，please leave them where they were(请放回原处)．

[教材P50]　The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.

分析：这句话的主语是the fact，the fact 指的是(或者说内容是)Maya society was technologically primitive，这句话的宾语是its achievements，all the more incredible and mysterious 起补充说明作用。

译文：玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Your letter got buried(bury)under a pile of papers.

2．The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to/with what was actually said.

3．I'm writing to apply(apply)for the position as a student volunteer.

4．The number of robberies in the area is in decline.

5．She claimed(claim)damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.

6．Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

7．The city is now in ruins(ruin)．

8．Don't leave him waiting(wait)outside in the rain.

9．Yesterday's match was abandoned(abandon)because of bad weather.

10．Whatever decision he made I would support it.

Ⅱ.短语填空

fall into ruin；make a discovery；correspond to；take back；apply...to...

1．In science，it is important to be the first person to make a discovery．

2．His expenses do not correspond to his income.

3．How can I apply theory to practice?

4．They let the palace fall into ruin．

5．I apologize to you，now I will take back what I said.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

Many people show an 1.increasing(increase)interest in Maya civilisation.Extending south from Mexico into Central America，it 2.has been surrounded(surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.Firstly，the Maya built 3.impressive(impress)palaces and temples.Secondly，Maya people have 4.a good understanding of mathematics and astronomy.Thirdly，the calendar they made is very accurate.Above all，they have a true writing system，5.which contained more than 800 characters，some signs representing animals，people and objects and 6.others representing syllables.Sadly，Maya civilisation began to mysteriously decline.Many factors contribute 7.to its collapse.For one thing，Maya people reduced their ability 8. to deal(deal)with natural disasters by changing the landscape.For another，fewer tropical cyclones were likely 9.to have led(lead) to a series of droughts，and each 10. lasted(last) for a couple of years.Whatever the reasons，the rise and fall of Maya civilisation leaves us many things to think about.