人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement综合训练题

Unit 1

Learning about Language

一、填空

1.Be sure to review everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and c_________(图表).

2.I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will f_________(流动) next and how fast.

3.His first n_________(小说) has received good reviews since it came out last month.

4.Whatever our c_________(状况)are, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desire.

5.The criminals can not escape the net of justice even if they f_________ (逃跑) to the remotest comers of the earth.

6.They came to the c_________(结论)that not all things can be done by a computer.

7.Our course is based on a specific project, one of  _______________  aims is to improve students' comprehensive ability in English.

8.As you can see, in our class there are 50 students, half of them  _______________(wear) glasses.

9.He messed the project up, but he behaved as though nothing  _______________(happen).

10.Kirk and I grew up being constantly mistaken for each other. As _______________  consequence, we were often unfairly punished or rewarded by our teachers.

11.The article summed  _______________  the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.

12.Since the new president came  _______________  power, great changes have taken place in the country.

13.Winning the Nobel Prize for any scientist is a _______________(remark) achievement.

14.The teacher patted her  _______________(gentle) on the shoulder and then walked out of the classroom.

15.The famous book Frankenstein, written by a British  _______________(novel), is the first work of science fiction.

二.阅读理解

    Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gerard Mourou. It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists——past and present——who actually deserve the prize.

    Jocelyn Bell Burnell

    Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a £2. 3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, " I feel I've done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize."

    Lene Hau

    Hau is best-known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2020 be Hau's year?

    Vera Rubin

    Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.

    Chien-Shiung Wu

    Wu's "Wu experiment" helped disprove the "law of conservation of parity". Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize behind the study.

    Lise Meitner

    Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.

1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?

A.In 1944. B. In 1967. C. In 1974. D. In 1980.

 2.Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text?

A. Donna Strickland.  B. Jocelyn Bell Burnell.

C. Lene Hau.  D. Vera Rubin.

3.What do we know about the five females?

A.The five female scientists did well in chemistry.

B.Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.

C.Lise Meitner's teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work.

D.The five female scientists haven't been awarded Nobel Prize.

三.完形填空

    A little boy almost considered himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because a terrible illness made his leg lame (瘸的) . He    1    played with his classmates; when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always    2    his head without a word.

    One spring, the boy's father got some saplings (树苗) and told his    3    to plant one each person. The father also    4    to buy a favourite gift for whoever grew best. The boy also wanted to get his father's    5    But seeing his brothers and sisters carry water actively, he lost    6    So after watering it once or twice, he never    7    it.

    A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was    8    to find that it appeared greener and stronger than his sisters' and brothers'. His father    9    his promise, and said that he would surely become an outstanding botanist (植物学家) when he    10    up.

    From then on, the little hoy slowly became     11     . One night, he suddenly recalled what the    12    teacher once said: Plants generally grow at night. Then he came to the courtyard and unexpectedly found his father    13    under his tree with a big spoon. Suddenly, he understood his father had been secretly watering his small tree!

    Decades passed. The little boy didn't become a botanist, but he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

       14    is the best nutrition (营养) of  life; even if it is just one spoonful of clear ​   15    , it can make the tree of life lively.

1.A. always B. seldom C. frequently D. sometimes

2.A. lowered B. raised C. kept D. nodded

3.A. daughters B. sons C. children D. neighbours

4.A. demanded B. promised C. agreed D. wished

5.A. gift B. praise C. tool D. help

6.A. touch B. sight C. heart D. face

7.A. looked after B. looked for C. looked around D. looked into

8.A. disappointed B. excited C. worried D. surprised

9.A. changed B. made C. kept D. broke

10.A. grew B. woke C. gave D. stayed

11.A. hopeless B. optimistic C. guilty D. generous

12.A. history B. physics C. chemistry D. biology

13.A. working B. resting C. sleeping D. singing

14.A. Help B. Love C. Work D. Promise

15.A. sand B. soup C. soil D. water

答案以及解析

一、

1.答案：charts

解析：句意:一定要复习本节中的所有内容,包括表格、图和图表。

2.答案：flow

解析：句意:我帮助其他科学家预测火山熔岩下一步将流向何处以及流动的速度。

3.答案：novel

解析：句意:自从上个月出版以来,他的第一部小说收到了好的评论。

4.答案：circumstances

解析：句意:不管在什么情况下,我们仍然有着梦想、希望和渴望。

5.答案：flee

解析：句意:罪犯就是跑到天涯海角,也逃不出法网。

6.答案：conclusion

解析：句意:他们得出结论,计算机并不能做所有的事。

7.答案：whose

解析：句意为:我们的课程是基于一个特定的项目,它的目标之一是提高学生的英语综合能力。逗号后是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰aims,所以应用关系代词whose。

8.答案：wearing

解析：句意为:如你所见,我们班有50名学生,其中一半戴眼镜。此处“half of them +非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构;wear与其逻辑主语half of them之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词。故填wearing。

9.答案：had happened

解析：句意为:他把计划搞砸了,但他表现得好像什么事也没发生。as though在此引导方式状语从句,从句要用虚拟语气;根据主句时态为一般过去时可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,从句应用过去完成时。故填had happened。

10.答案：a

解析：句意为:柯克和我从小到大一直被误认为是对方。因此,我们经常受到来自我们老师的不公平的惩罚或奖励。as a consequence意为“结果”,为固定短语。故填a。

11.答案：up

解析：句意为:这篇文章总结了在电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭方面取得的新成就。sum up为固定搭配,意为“总结;概述”。故填up。

12.答案：to

解析：句意为:自从新总统上台以来,这个国家发生了巨大的变化。come to power意为“上台;执政”,为固定搭配。故填to。

13.答案：remarkable

解析：句意为:对任何一位科学家来说,获得诺贝尔奖都是一项非凡的成就。设空处作定语,修饰名词achievement,应用形容词。故填remarkable。

14.答案：gently

解析：句意为:老师轻轻地拍了拍她的肩膀,然后走出了教室。设空处修饰动词patted,应用副词。故填gently。

15.答案：novelist

解析：句意为:著名的《科学怪人》由一名英国小说家创作,是第一部科幻小说。设空处前有不定冠词a及British 修饰,根据设空处前的written by可知,设空处指“小说家”。故填novelist。

二.

答案：1-3 CCD

解析：1.细节理解题.根据 Jocelyn Bell Burnell 段落中的 then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, 可知射电脉冲星 (radio pulsars) 最初在1967 年被发现,其发现被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年.故选C项.

2.细节理解题.根据 Lene Hau 段落中的 Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, 可知莱娜·豪经常位居诺贝尔奖预测名单榜首,她最有可能获诺贝尔奖.故选C项.

3.推理判断题.根据第一段总述中 It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists-past and present-who actually deserve the prize. 可知唐娜·斯特里克兰是五十五年来第一个获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性,而文中介绍的五位女科学家都应该获得这个奖,但由于各种原因未能获奖.故选D项.

三.

答案：1-5 BACBA 6-10 CADCA 11-15 BDABD

解析：1.根据上句 A little boy almost considered himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because a terrible illness made his leg lame. 可知,一个小孩因为腿瘸而认为自己是世界上最不幸的孩子,说明他:自卑,很少和同学一起玩.故选B项.

2.根据上文可知小男孩很自卑,再由空后的 his head without a word 可知,当老师提问他的时候,他总是低着头一言不发.故选A项.

3.根据空后的 to plant one each person 和后文的  But seeing his brothers and sisters  可知,这位父亲告诉他的孩子们每人种一棵.故选C项.

4.根据下文的 His father ___ his promise 可知,这位父亲还作出了承诺,给种得最好的那个孩子买礼物.故选B项.

5.根据上句 The father also ___ to buy a favourite gift for whoever grew best. 可知,父亲答应给种得最好的孩子买礼物,这个男孩也想要礼物.故选A项.

6.根据空前的 But seeing his brothers and sisters carry water actively 可知,当看到哥哥和姐姐们这么积极地抬水,他就失去信心了. lose heart 意为 "失去信心". 故选C项.

7.根据 he lost ___ 和 So after watering it once or twice  可知,在浇了一两次水之后(浇水的目的是照顾树苗),他便不再照顾它了.故选A项.

8.根据空后的 it appeared greener and stronger than his sisters' and brothers' 可知,他很少照料的树看起来比姐姐和哥哥的树还要绿和强壮,因此他感到很惊讶.故选D项.

9.根据语境可知,他的父亲遵守诺言. keep one's promise  意为 "遵守诺言". 故选C项.

10.根据下文的 Decades passed. The little boy didn't become a botanist 可知,父亲告诉孩子当他长大的时候他一定会成为一名出色的植物学家.故选A项.

11.根据上文的 when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always ___ his head without a word 可知,男孩从得到鼓励后开始慢慢变得乐观起来,这与开头悲观的情绪形成对比.故选B项.

12.根据空后的 Plants generally grow at night. 可知植物通常在晚上生长,这是生物老师说的,故选D项.

13.根据空后的 under his tree with a big spoon 和下句的 his father had been secretly watering his small tree  可知,当他来到院子里,他看到父亲正在树下用大勺子干活.故选A项.

14.根据全文可知是父亲对罗斯福的爱帮助他成长.故选B项.

15.根据上文的 his father had been secretly watering his small tree 可知,此处是说,即使只是一勺子水,它也能让生命之树充满活力.故选D项.