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第13讲 完形阅读提升（原卷版）-【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册）
【学习目标】
1．掌握高中完形填空和阅读理解的解题思路
2．强化训练高中阅读理解常考的四种文体

【基础知识】
完形填空
完形填空之推理逻辑关系
在解答完形填空时，利用连词and, but, so, yet, or等或although, though, because, since, now that等从属连词或neither ... nor, either ... or, not only ... but also等平行结构，确定正确答案。
完形填空之使用排除策略
在做完形填空时，用尽所有办法仍不能推断出答案时，可以采用排除法。先分别将选项代入原文，观察上下文逻辑、词语等搭配方面是否符合上下文，如不符合就排除。
完形填空之复现关系分析
完形填空中，“词语复现法”是解题的一大技法。根据“所选有所据”的命题原则可知，试题的答案一定会在上下文中或多或少地给予提示。词语的复现可以是上下文中同一词汇重复出现、同源词复现，同/近义/反义词复现等。
完形填空之生活常识利用
大部分完形填空需联系上下文解答，但有的空却只能通过背景常识解答。做题时，联系上下文语境，联系风俗习惯、文化历史等方面的生活常识进行判断。

阅读理解
（一）主旨大意
①如果第一段以人物故事开头，第一段则是引子，中心句应在第二段。
②讲故事类文章的中心一般为文章最后一句。

（1）主题句位于文章或段落的开头：
主题句出现在段首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的写作方法。
【例文1】
People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. "In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better," says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale（呼出） CO2 which plants need to survive and grow better. Plants absorb CO2 through their pores（小孔） during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people need to survive. Singing and talking have good effects on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster.
本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。

【例文2】
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
本段的首句是主题句，点明人在食物的口味上是有所不同的。其后的句子都是在进一步地阐述这个主题。
例Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows（肘）next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.
Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:
……
Q: What is the best title for the passage?
A. Good Tool Design for Women B. Importance of Good Tool Design
C. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection

（2）主题句位于文章结尾。
【例文1】
If you hadn't known them, you would have thought Joe and Jim were quite alike. They were both tall and wore long and fair hair. They both walked with a steady stride （坚定的步伐）. They both spoke in a deep voice that made themselves seem much older than they really were. Both of them wore dark clothes as a rule, and they liked light coloured ties. But that was all the likeness they had. In other things they were sharply different. Joe was considerate and helpful, and everyone liked him. Jim, however, was very selfish and often flared into terrible anger at little things that displeased him. Alike as Joe and Jim were on the surface, they were really very different in nature.
这段文字对乔与吉姆两个人相像和不同的细节进行叙述，最后一句作了归纳总结：这两人表面相似，但实质极不相同。

【例文2】
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

例In the United States, old people who no longer have an income or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities are often forced to give up living alone. They must leave their homes and depend on someone else to give them a place to live and to take care of their physical needs: they must either live with relatives or live in homes for the aged. This loss of independence is a major problem for the aged.
Q: Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
A. Old people in the United States who are poor or sick cannot live alone.
B. Being unable to live alone is a serious problem for old people in the United States.
C. Old people who are poor or sick should live with their relatives, not in homes for the aged.
D. In the United States, old people who are poor or sick are forced to live in homes for the aged.

（3）主题句首尾呼应
【例文】
What causes traffic jams? That’s easy: too many cars. No, wrong. Think again. What causes much of the jamming on our streets are traffic lights.
Think of all the hours in your life wasted as your car journey is stopped by lights to let non-existent traffic through, and then ask yourself this: who is the better judge of when it’s safe to go—you, the driver at the time and the place, or lights programmed by an absent regulator（控制器）？……
……
Not only do traffic lights help to lengthen journeys pointlessly, but also the UK’s large number of 24-hour traffic lights amounts to GPH（严重的全球性危险）. About 30 percent of our CO2 output is from traffic. Professor David Hegg, the influential transport expert, admits that 40 percent of that comes from traffic waiting. Every litre of fuel burnt produces 2.4 kg of our CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Multiply the minutes of forced waiting at controlled lights by the hours in the day and night, by the days in the year, by the number of vehicles, and the environmental effect becomes clear.
Q: The purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. call out to stop the traffic lights
B. complain about the heavy traffic
C. explain how cars pollute the environment
D. call on drivers to give way to other road users
本文讲了人们通常认为交通堵塞是因为车辆太多造成的，而作者认为红绿灯是造成交通堵塞的原因。作者在第一段提出了红绿灯造成了交通堵塞这个观点，然后分析原因，在最后一段的第一句话中再次点明主题，故选A。

例 It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.
……
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
Q: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker B. How to Make a Perfect Speech
C. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech D. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech

（4）主题句位于段落的中间
【例文】
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
文段开头先说明如果在夜晚轮胎坏了的时候没有东西可以像手电筒那么有用，随后说明手电筒在很多光线暗的情况下可以带来很多光，接着在后文又对这一主题进行进一步的解释以支撑主题。

例If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you”. It costs ＄395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one.
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method
C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale

（5） 主题句隐含在段意之中
例 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ＿＿＿＿
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.

（二）猜测词义
常用的猜词策略：
（1）利用构词法：转化, 合成, 派生
熟悉常见后缀的含义及派生、合成、转化法的特点，确定所构词的词性和语义。
【例文】
"Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10," Anaclerio said, "and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject."
文中interactive是由前缀inter（相互的）和active（活动的，活跃的）构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。

例With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.

（2）利用定义或释义：
定义解释的形式多种多样，有定语从句、同位语、并列句、英语释义法，有时用that is （to say）, similarly, namely, means，in other words 等引出来，标点符号有：“——”等，以补充说明。
【例文】
It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 脆的
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 牧羊人
They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have back bones. 脊椎动物

（3）利用同义或反义等
同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similar等。
反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义，常用的引出反义词的标志词有instead, but, not等。
【例文】
Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. 易挥发的
The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. 替换
例American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.
Q: What’s the meaning of the underlined word “punctual” in the passage?

（4）利用因果关系
常用的关联词有：because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result, so … that, such … that，therefore等。
【例文】
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 浑浊的
Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. 假的
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 修剪

例All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.

（5）利用对比关系
表示对比和转折关系的词汇主要有but, yet, however, while, though，unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等，标点符号分号（；）有时也可表示对比。
【例文】
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 脏的
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious. 节约的
Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. 天生的
例 Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.

（6）利用同位语解释
【例文】
We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. 快速的
We are on the night shift ——from midnight to 8 a.m.——this week. 夜班

（7）利用上下文提供的信息
【例文】
The weather in Hawaii is always mild. It is pleasant and warm. There is usually a light wind to cool the air. 温和的
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. 生长

（8）利用经验常识猜测词义
通过逻辑推理，有时自身的生活经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义。
【例文】
Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 枯萎

【考点剖析】
考点一：阅读理解应用文
例1．

Island Lobster(龙虾）Company Open
Owners Katie and Thom Werner opened Island Lobster Company earlier this week. It’s located on Peaks Island in the space formerly occupied by Peaks Island House.
The 64-seat establishment is a trap-to-table restaurant The Werners are serving lobsters that they're trapped and hauled in with their own boat. You can see a copy of their menu on their website.
Coals Pizza Opens Today
Coals Pizza is scheduled to open today at 5 pm. Coals is located at 114 Preble Street in the former Portland & Rochester space. This is Coals' only location outside of New York, They specialize in grilled pizza. You can see their full menu online.
Luke's Lobster
The seafood spot, which will soft open for dinner on Wednesday, is a major milestone for the lobster company that first launched in Manhattan in 2009. Started by Cape Elizabeth native Luke Holden, Luke's Lobster debuted in New York City's East Village, and went on to make its mark in 10 cities across the U.S.---plus Japan and China.
Under Construction: Twist
A new food truck called Twist is under development Twist is a collaboration between Melissa Lombardi, a former manager at Woodford F&B and Dan Zarin, the longtime writer of the Breakfast Serial column. Twist will be serving customized ice cream and shakes made to order.
1.What is special in Island Lobster Company?
A. It serves freshly caught lobsters.
B. It is the only location outside of New York.
C. It is a milestone for the lobster company.
D.It serves customized ice cream and shakes
2.Where should you go if you want to have pizza?
A. Peaks Island.
B. Portland & Rochester space.
C. 114 Preble Street.
D. New York City's East Village.
3.Which restaurant has opened a branch in China?
A. Island Lobster Company. B. Coals Pizza.
C. Twist. D. Luke's Lobster.

考点二：阅读理解说明文
例2．
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals,trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact,the opposite is true:trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition“depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all.
Simard talks about“mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down“mother trees”with no awareness of these highly complex“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
“We didn’t take any notice ofit,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
24.The underlined sentence“the opposite is true”in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees　　　.
A.struggle for survival
B.protect their own wealth
C.depend on each other
D.provide support for dying trees
25.“Mother trees”are extremely important because they　　　.
A.look the smallest in size in the forest
B.pass on nutrition to young trees
C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D.know more about the complex“tree societies”
26.The underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refers to　　　.
A.how“tree societies”work
B.how trees grow up.
C.how young trees survive
D.how forestry industry develops
27.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Old Trees Communicate Like Human being
B.Protect Young Trees In Need
C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D.Trees Contribute To Our Society

考点三：阅读理解记叙文
例3．
One Sunday,Nicholas,a teenager,went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon,when he was planning to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far,he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it,Nicholas was lost,all alone!He didn’t have food,water,a phone,or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didn’t,his body temperature would get very low,which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis,Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself,like a blanket,to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening,Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last,Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled in his cave and slept.
The next day,Nicholas went out to look for help,but he couldn’t find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,because without shelter,he could die that night.On Tuesday,Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow,Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls’survival show Man vs.Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode of Man vs.Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas’amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
24.What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?
A.He got lost.　　　　　　　 B.He broke his face.
C.He hurt his eyes. D.He caught a fever.
25.How did Nicholas keep himself warm?
A.He found a shelter. B.He lighted some matches.
C.He kept on skating. D.He built a snow cave.
26.On Tuesday,Nicholas　　　.
A.came to his shelter safely
B.was saved by a searcher
C.got stuck in the snow
D.stayed where he was
27.Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he　　　.
A.did the right things in the dangerous situation
B.watched TV program regularly
C.played some tips for survival
D.was very hard-working

考点四：阅读理解议论文
例4．
Life can be so wonderful,full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges,setbacks and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances,we generally still have dreams,hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem,because when we go to change the way we do things,up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and what we’re seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering,the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think it’s easier to just give up.But we’re never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us.It’s the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that,you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because you’re dropping“you”.
So,if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck,how do we break these patterns?
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today’s challenges.
While,deep down,we know we can do it,our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can’t. That isn’t a reason to stop,it’s just the mind,that little man or woman on your shoulder,trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It’s all about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little,or large,release from the jail of your mindand you’ll be on your way.
28.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should　　　.
A.live a simple life
B.take carefully when we choose to change
C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances
D.be content with what we already have
29.What is the key to breaking the old patterns?
A.To concentrate on every detail.
B.To decide and take immediate action.
C.To listen to those close to us.
D.To think twice before we act.
30.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A.Far away from your punishment.
B.Realization of your dreams.
C.Freedom from your tension.
D.Reduction of your expectations.
31.What does the author intend to tell us?
A.It’s easier than we think to get what we want.
B.It’s harder than we expect to follow a new course.
C.It’s impractical to change our way of thinking.
D.It’s important to learn to accept sufferings in life.


【真题演练】
江苏省南通市2020-2021学年度上学期高二期中考试模拟试题
阅读理解　(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
A
It was late August when I got a call from a grandmother.She lives in Seeley Lake，Montana，and she has heard we have air purifiers(净化器) with high­efficiency particulate air(HEPA) air­cleaners that can help with smoke.She needs one for the baby’s room.I explained we didn’t have any and told her how to purchase one.
She coughed and went silent with disappointment before asking how much they cost.Almost every person I talk to in Seeley Lake has this cough.“The family doesn’t have much money，” she said，but she promised to order a filter for the child.Small filters—ones that can clean a bedroom of up to 75 square feet—cost about 70 each.
The next day，the wildfire that had been burning for weeks in the Lolo National Forest，northeast of town，moved closer to the woman’s neighborhood，and the county sheriff’s office evacuated(疏散) the area.I wondered whether the air­cleaner would be there when the family returned home.I knew the smoke would be.
As an air­quality specialist with the Missoula City­County Health Department in Montana，my job is to understand air pollution，control it as much as possible，and help people protect themselves from its effects.I focus on smoke management：issuing permits for outdoor burns and updating residents about what to expect from the smoke when wildfires send it our way.
Never had we seen so many wildfires so close to home for so many weeks.There are six classes on the Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality Index(指数)：good，moderate，unhealthy for sensitive groups，unhealthy，very unhealthy，and dangerous.Seeley Lake’s air reached a dangerous class in 18 days last summer.
Last year was troubled by wildfires around the country.The fires that struck Northern California alone killed 44 people and caused more than 9 billion in damage.But this isn’t just a recent problem，nor is it limited to the West.Wildfires hit 49 states in 2017，including a swath from Florida to Virginia.More than 9 million acres burned nationwide，compared with the yearly average of 6.5 million acres.
21．Why did the grandmother make a call to the author?
A．To prevent the wildfire.
B．To help her make a move.
C．To ask for an air purifier.
D．To get information about air pollution.
22．How did the woman feel about the author’s reply?
A．Angry. B．Hopeful.
C．Excited. D．Disappointed.
23．Compared with the yearly average，the burned acres nationwide in 2017 rose by .
A．about 49% B．about 38%
C．about 72% D．about 52%

B
We often seek food after focused mental activity，like preparing for an exam.Researchers guess that too much thinking consumes a lot of energy from the brain.So the brain，sensing that it may soon require more calories to keep going，apparently leads to bodily hunger，and even though there has been little physical movement，we eat.
The researchers note that tiring activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate(乳酸盐) circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head.
Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel，researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel­rich blood during exercise could feed a worn­out brain and reduce the urge to overeat.
Thirty­eight healthy college students were invited to determine their fitness and metabolic(新陈代谢) rates and to report what their favorite pizza was.Afterward，they sat quietly for 35 minutes before being given as much of their favorite pizza as they wanted.At a later date，the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes making selections from college and graduate­school entrance exams.
Next，half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes，before being given pizza.The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill(跑步机) two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking，repeated five times.These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza，too.But by and large，they did not overeat.
When the researchers factored in(将……作为因素考虑) the calories burnt on running，they determined that those students actually consumed 200 fewer total calories after their brain workouts than the resting students.
The researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner.They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running，although the researchers say they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat，it should also increase blood sugar and lactate，feeding the brain and weakening hungers call.
24．What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A．We eat for more physical movements.
B．A busy brain can make one hungry.
C．Energy from the brain can’t be used up.
D．An exam results in caloric consumption most.
25．What can a physical movement do?
A．Increase blood flow.
B．Increase the amount of blood sugar.
C．Urge one to eat more.
D．Make the brain tired.
26．What does the underlined phrase “gorge on” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Eat. B．Purchase.
C．Taste. D．Obtain.

C
“Hope has proved a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we’ve done so far，”said Dr Snyder，a psychologist.
In research with 3,920 college students，Dr Snyder found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first term was a more accurate predictor of their college grades than were their S．A.T.scores or their grade point averages in high school.“Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them，” Dr Snyder said.“When you compare students with equal learning ability and past school achievements，what sets them apart is hope.”
In seeking a way to assess hope scientifically，Dr Snyder went beyond the usual belief that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.“This idea is not concrete enough; it fails to clarify two key components of hope，” Dr Snyder said.
“Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals，whatever they may be.”
Despite the wisdom in the old saying “where there’s a will，there’s a way，” Dr Snyder has found that the two are not necessarily connected.In a study of people from 18 to 70 years old，Dr Snyder discovered：only about 40% of people are hopeful in the technical sense of believing they typically have the energy and means to accomplish their goals; about 20% of the people believed in their ability to find the means to attain their goals，but said they had little will to do so; another 20% have the opposite pattern，saying they had the energy to motivate themselves but little confidence that they would find the means; the rest had little hope at all，reporting that they typically had neither the will nor the way.
“It’s not enough just to have the wish for something，”said Dr Snyder.“You need the means，too.On the other hand，all the skills to solve a problem won’t help without the willpower to do it.”
27．What does Dr Snyder think can best predict a freshman’s academic performance?
A．His S．A.T.scores.
B．His high school grades.
C．His level of hope.
D．His family background.
28．The underlined word “concrete” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”．
A．clear B．pure
C．universal D．popular
29．What did Dr Synder say about the old saying “where there’s a will，there’s a way”？
A．It is quite realistic.
B．It is not inspiring to students.
C．It is totally wrong.
D．It is not always true in reality.
30．What can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．No Pains，No Gains
B．Hope Emerges as Key to Success
C．Will Gets It Going
D．Where There’s a Will，There’s a Way

2020-2021江苏省常州市武进区奔牛高级中学高二上学期10月月考英语试卷
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Bill Geske was diagnosed with cancer six years ago, his life was turned upside down.
After being__1___to the emergency room with severe stomach pain, doctors found a tumor in his left kidney and__2___spots on his lungs. For treatment, Geske had the kidney removed and at the time the spots were__3___. However, a few months later, he learned from doctors that the cancer had indeed__4___.
The situation wasn't good, and doctors estimated his __5___to be no more than two years. __6___the emotional and physical pains, his personal and family life suffered.
"We have a family business. We have two children who were thrown into the middle of this chaos __7___ ,and they've had to grow up very fast and handle the business, which they knew__8___about." he said.
But__9___all the chaos, there has been one constant: his wife Diane.
Whether it was accompanying him to every doctor's __10___ or cooking his favorite meal, Diane always made sure her husband knew he had her full __11___ .
"I really see what love is. My wife __12___so much suffering. I'm so __13___ to have her fight with me and not against me." Geske said.
The Geskes__14___ that their road has been far from easy—they call it "cruel" in fact —and sometimes they__15___to the stresses of the illness.
But Diane has__16___ to learn how to cope with the more difficult times."If he's in a mood or having a __17___ day, I just leave him alone for a while" she said. She also said making time to focus on herself and a life outside of their relationship help keep their __18___strong.
While too many couples grow __19___ when one of the partners suffers from a serious illness like cancer, the Geskes grow together. The people that are there for you on your__20___ nights are the ones worth spending your brightest days with.
1. A. limited B. rushed C. followed D. invited
2. A. similar B. common C. unusual D. soft
3. A. remained B. left C. survived D. disappeared
4. A. spread B. arisen C. declined D. disappeared
5. A. interval B. survival C. tolerance D. reservation
6. A. Free from B. Apart from C. Other than D. Rather than
7. A. intentionally B. temporarily C. unexpectedly D. willingly
8. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
9. A. through B. beneath C. towards D. beside
10. A. amusement B. adjustment C. arrangement D. appointment
11. A. support B. anxiety C. envy D. complaint
12. A. bears B. escapes C. sacrifices D. possesses
13. A. regretful B. lucky C. desperate D. determined
14. A. deny B. predict C. advocate D. admit
15. A. look up B. give in C. come over D. hold on
16. A. failed B. offered C. grown D. intended
17. A. successful B. normal C. special D. terrible
18. A. bond B. mind C. demand D. position
19. A. firm B. apart C. united D. together
20. A. coldest B. loneliest C. darkest D. longest


【过关检测】
阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
The best London hotels near Oxford Street
An expert guide to the top London hotels near Oxford Street—eight minutes' walk or less— including the best hotels for their family-friendly services and budget accommodation.
The London EDITION
Soho, London, England
This place is just off Oxford Street in leafy Fitzrovia. It will suit those who want more than a bed for the night. The multi-functional lobby makes a great entrance, though it's the restored ceiling, old not new, that really grabs the attention. The picture- lined restaurant is an equally successful space. The rooms are a bit like being inside a luxurious cigar box, with their wood-panelled walls and artful fur sofa covers that add a feeling of warmth.
The Langham, London
Marylebone, London, England
An advert from the late 19th century declares that the Langham is situated in the "most healthy, convenient and fashionable position in London."Today this still holds true; the hotel is right in the centre of London. This is one of London's oldest grand hotels. Everything feels as if it has been running the way it should for a long time. Expect enormous vases of fresh flowers in public areas, oriental furnishings and marble baths in the rooms. This is also home to Michel Roux Jr's Roux, which does tasty French cuisine.
The Grazing Goat
Marylebone, London, England
The hotel is located on New Quebec Street, a quiet road lined with clothing shops Street, a quiet road lined with clothing shops and beauty salons about three minutes' walk from Oxford Street. There's something of a village feel to this area of London that is difficult to correspond with the tourist groups moments away—but it's most welcome. Rooms have Egyptian cotton beds, Aesop toilets and walls in the color of moss green and steel blue. The food menu offers seasonal British foods with the latest trendy ingredients.
1. In the London EDITION, customers are most like to be attracted by its __________.
A. multi-functional lobby B. restored ceiling
C. luxurious cigar box D. wood-panelled walls
2. What do The Langham, London and The Grazing Goat have in common?
A. They are old grand hotels. B. They serve delicious French cuisine.
C. They offer fresh flowers in their bedrooms. D. They are located in Marylebone, London.
3. Which hotel gives customers the feeling of being in the rural area?
A. The London EDITION. B. The Langham, London.
C. The Grazing Goat. D. All the above.

B
Francisco Fernandez died after falling off a motorbike. The 45-year-old was a beloved community figure. But with a public-facing job and a spot on his lung, he was considered a possible COVID-19 carrier. A doctor ordered his family to bury him quickly, against Philippine tradition, and all eight people who lived with him were put under a 14-day quarantine(隔离)in their crowded home.
Yet when Anthony Cortez, the doctor who had ordered the rushed burial and quarantine, arrived to check on the Fernandez family, none of them expressed anger. Instead, faces lit up and the kids waved eagerly.
Cortez, the only community doctor in Bambang, has overseen their medical care for years. They trust him, and he makes them laugh. The family gathered outside to have their temperatures taken by the doctor. When the kids tried to give Cortez high fives for not having a fever, the 56-year-old, in a surgical mask, face shield, and rubber gloves, showed "air fives" instead. For the 56 000 people living in Bambang, Cortez is their primary caregiver and the first responder.
When the first coronavirus(冠状病毒)case in the Philippines was confirmed on January 30,the town's response fell to Cortez. He and Mayor Pepito Balgos decided to take action based on science that, if necessary, would go beyond national restrictions. Cortez and Balgos are sharply aware of the threat the virus poses to Bambang, which sits in a valley surrounded by mountains. Anyone going south to Manila or north toward the rest of the country ends up passing through Bambang.
Cortez quickly set up a system of contact tracing. Using information from the town's 25 villages, he made a list of all the people who had traveled to other countries, and placed them under strict home quarantine. Anyone with symptoms would be moved to a center set up in the mountains. So far that center has remained empty.
"It is safer to assume that everybody is positive," he explained.
1. What is Cortez' reaction to the death of Francisco Fernandez?
A. Expressing his sympathy. B. Drowning himself into mourn.
C. Showing professional sensitivity. D. Following the tradition.
2. On what basis does Cortez take strict measures to protect Bambang?
A. Its geographic character. B. Its lack of medical staff.
C. Its large population. D. The demand of the nation.
3. What can be inferred about the contact tracing system by Cortez?
A. It is totally a waste of effort. B. It is complained about by local people.
C. It is praised by higher authorities. D .It is effective as a protective means.
4. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A novel. C. A magazine. D. A biography.

C
The eastern Siberian landscape is not normally like hell. In winter it is blanketed in snow: in summer, its forests are lush(苍翠繁茂的).This year, however, the region is on fire, as are large parts of the Arctic Circle.
The fires began in June, caused by an extremely hot and dry early summer. It was the hottest June on record globally. In the regions that are burning, temperatures peaked at 8-10℃ warmer than the average from 1981 to 2010.This has dried out the landscape, producing tinder(易燃物) for natural forest fires.
So far, hundreds of above-ground fires have been recorded by satellites in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. It is estimated that fires within the Arctic Circle have produced more than 100m tonnes of carbon dioxide in a year. That is a lot. But burnt vegetation can regrow within a decade, and in doing so reabsorbs much of the released carbon dioxide. It is what is happening below ground that most worries ecologists and climate scientists.
Global warming will melt Arctic permafrost(永久冻土),releasing large amounts of stored greenhouse gases. But if fires in the region become more common, that could have even bigger consequences. Wildfires will release much faster and bigger amounts of carbon, rather than melting permafrost. The fires also produce black carbon which, if dropped on the Arctic sea ice by favourable winds, will darken its surface, making it more likely to absorb sunlight and melt. This decreases the reflectivity of the region and further increases Arctic warming.
Smog from the fires is blanketing much of Siberia."What is scary about the Arctic fires is that they are driven by climate change, and there's very little you can do," says Thomas Smith. Few natural fires this big have ever been successfully managed. The only way to deal with the spread of these fires is to slow the rate of global warming. Don't hold your breath.
1. What do we know about the wild fires in the Arctic Circle?
A. They are common yearly phenomena. B. They come earlier than usual this year.
C. They result from extreme weather. D. They destroy Siberian landscape.
2. What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Hundreds of above-ground fires. B. 100m tonnes of carbon dioxide.
C. Burnt plant life within a decade. D. Satellite distribution in the Arctic.
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A. The causes of fires. B. The consequences of fires.
C. The working principles of global warming. D. The characteristics of Arctic warming.
4. Which word best describes the author's attitude toward the Arctic fires?
A. Objective. B. Indifferent. C. Optimistic. D. Worried.

D
MIT researchers have developed a way to incorporate(融入)electronic sensors into fabrics, allowing them to create shirts or other garments that could be used to monitor vital signs such as temperature and heart rate. The sensor-embedded garments can be customized to fit close to the body of the person wearing them.
"We can have electronic parts or lab-made electronics embedded within the textiles that we wear every day, creating comfortable garments," says Dagdeviren, a professor at MIT. His group set out to create garments more similar to the clothes we normally wear, using a fabric that has removable electronic sensors in it.
"In our case, the textile is not electrically functional. It's just a passive element of our garment so that you can wear the devices comfortably during your daily activities," Dagdeviren says."Our main goal was to measure the physical activity of the body all from the same body part, without requiring any fixture or any tape."
The electronic sensors consist of long flexible strips(细条）.These channels have small openings that allow the sensors to be exposed to the skin. For this study, the researchers designed a shirt with 30 temperature sensors and an accelerometer that can measure the wearer's movement, heart rate, and breathing rate. The garment can then transmit(传 输）this data wirelessly to a smart phone.
This kind of sensing could be useful for personalized telemedicine, allowing doctors to remotely monitor patients."You don't need to go to the doctor or do a video call," Dagdeviren says."Through this kind of data collection, I think doctors can make better assessments and help their patients in a better way."
Last summer, several of the researchers spent time at a factory in Shenzhen, China, to experiment with mass-producing the material used for the garments." From the outside it looks like a normal T-shirt, but from the inside, you can see the electronic parts which are touching your skin," Dagdeviren says.
1. Why do MIT researchers make sensor-embedded garments?
A. To create garments with medical functions. B. To satisfy customers' personal need for fashion.
C. To complete their academic tasks. D. To transform patents for benefits.
2. What is the main function of the electronic sensors?
A. Monitoring wearers' behavior. B. Making the skin fully exposed.
C. Adjusting wearers body temperature. D. Collecting and transmitting health information.
3. What do the researchers expect of the garments in the future?
A. They will bring convenience to patients. B. They could be in mass-production soon.
C. They might lead the new fashion. D. They may take the place of doctors.
4. What can we infer about wearing a sensor-embedded garment according to Dagdeviren?
A. It's fashionable. B. It's skin-friendly.
C. It's eco-friendly. D. It's awkward.

完形填空
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetland which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused has driven away a number of birds. 5 the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to the plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watching D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued