2022届广东省深圳市南山区高三下学期开学考试英语试卷含答案

这是一份2022届广东省深圳市南山区高三下学期开学考试英语试卷含答案，共12页。
1. 全卷分试卷 Ⅰ、Ⅱ，试卷共10页。Ⅰ 卷满分为65分，Ⅱ 卷满分为55分，全卷共120分。考试时间共120分钟。
2. 请用2B铅笔将 Ⅰ 卷答案填涂在答题卡上。Ⅱ 卷答案必须写在答题卷的相应位置上。
Ⅰ 卷选择题（共65分）
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
A
Brecn Beacns YAC has an amazing pprtunity fr budding（崭露头角的）archaelgists（考古学家）f all ages, in Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. Thanks t funding frm the Heritage Lttery Fund, prfessinal archaelgists frm Wardell Armstrng will be investigating an archaelgical mystery and they need yur help.
Rmans?
“The site is a bit f a mystery”, Frank Giecc frm Wardell Armstrng said. “There is a very nice crpmark recrded n the site that has gt lts f peple very excited. Gephysicists（地质物理学家）failed t find anything related t the crpmark. There is anecdtal evidence f Rman material being fund, but nthing is fficially recrded. We hpe t finally answer the questin f what is in this field, during the tw weeks n site. Is there evidence f any Rman ccupatin n the site? Can yu help us find ut?”
Get invlved
This is an pprtunity fr bth adults and children t take part in field walking and trial trenching (small hand - dug test pits fr children). N experience is necessary, training will be prvided by the prfessinal archaelgists frm Wardell Armstrng, and all equipment will be prvided. Vlunteers can attend fr as few r as many days as they wish, but they d need t bk a place.
Fr mre infrmatin, and t bk yur place, please cntact Nrman Kirtlan at sunderlandfrgttenstnes@gmail.cm.
21.Wh is the activity prbably intended fr?
A. Families.B. Experts.C. Officials.D. Rmans.
22.If yu take part in the activity, yu ______.
A. will be charged fr using equipment
B. will be cached by experts in the field
C. shuld have wrked with archaelgists befre
D. shuld spare tw weeks t stay at the site
23.What’s the main purpse f the activity?
A. T seek funding fr archaelgical research.
B. T appeal fr help in prving findings based n anecdtal evidence.
C. T find vlunteers t help slve an archaelgical mystery.
D. T rganize vlunteers t help srt ut data n the Rman ccupatin.
B
Officer Michael Rivers, a pliceman wh was snapped and the image shared n Facebk, as he sat sharing his lunch with a hmeless wman at the side f the rad in Nrth Carlina, in the USA, is praised.
Accrding t Chris Barnes, his wife Cassie tk the pht while she was n her lunch break. She saw the pair sharing a pizza and sft drink while they were having a friendly chat. Mr. Barnes upladed the image with the ntes: “Cassie was ut n her lunch break and bserved the fficer enjying lunch with a hmeless persn.”
Officer Rivers recalled seeing the wman earlier that day. He tld Yah news: “I was leaving the parking lt f Walmart and she was standing by the stp sign. Her shirt read, ‘Hmeless the fastest way f becming a nbdy.’ I hated that she felt that way.” He added: “I always try t talk the hmeless just t see hw they gt int their situatin. Yu knw, because it can happen t any ne f us, at any given mment.”
After he drve away, he circled back t ask if the wman was hungry and if she wanted fd. The fficer said she was hnred by his ffer. He bught them bth pizza and Muntain Dew and when the pair sat dwn t eat, he learned f her family struggles and tld her: “Hey, yu still gt stuff t live fr, yu still gt yur life ahead f yu. It’s never t late.”
Officer Rivers, wh des recruiting fr the Gldsbr PD, hpes t send a message f sympathy fr thers. He added: “When the yunger r newer guys cme in, I let them knw, ‘Hey treating the cmmunity like human beings is the mst imprtant thing in the wrld.’”
“S, if we as plice fficers shw that lve and sympathy t everybdy, n matter their age, financial backgrund r race, the wrld wuld be a better place.”
24.Why did Chris Barnes share the pht n Facebk?
A. Because it was taken by his wife.
B. Because the fficer was his friend.
C. Because the fficer was handsme.
D. Because he was impressed by the fficer’s actin.
25.Why did the fficer cme back fr the hmeless wman?
A. Because she asked him fr fd.
B. Because her situatin was serius.
C. Because he wanted t make a difference fr her.
D. Because he wanted t becme an interact celebrity.
26.What des the fficer want t pass n t his new clleagues?
A. Anyne can becme hmeless at any given mment.
B. Plicemen shuld be sympathetic and caring.
C. Plicemen shuld becme heres.
D. Peple shuld learn t draw thers’ attentin.
27.What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. A pliceman seen sharing lunch with a hmeless wman.
B. Hw plicemen help the hmeless.
C. A lucky hmeless wman.
D. Hw t becme a gd mdel fr plicemen.
C
Thunderstrms ften shw up uninvited t Carnival（狂欢节）in Brazil. This year’s attempt t influence the skies tk place in San Pabl by a party’s fficial spnsr, Skal, a Brazilian beer brand. “The fun stps when it rains,” says Pedr Ada my, Skal’s marketing directr. S d beer sales.
An airplane painted with Skal’s lg sprayed（喷洒）water drplets int cluds t make rain fall befre the cluds reached the city. Accrding t its YuTube vide that has been viewed 12 millin times, it is a “missin wrthy f science fictin”.
Whether it’s science r fictin is up fr debate. The use f clud-seeding t increase rainfall dates back t the 1940s. But the United States gvernment stpped funding it in the 1980s due t a lack f “scientific prf f the effectiveness f intentinal weather change”, accrding t the Natinal Research Cuncil. A new paper based n experiments in Idah fund that seeding cluds with silver idide increased snwfall n three ccasins, but the authrs say that mre research is needed t find ut if it can reliably prmte precipitatin（降水）. Paul Artax, a Brazilian physicist, says flatly that clud-seeding is “useless”.
Still, gvernments and firms in many cuntries use the technlgy. Sa Pabl’s water cmpany has signed millin dllar cntracts with MdClima t bring rain, mst recently during a drught in 2014-15. Althugh clud-seeding nrmally uses a chemical such as silver idide t prvide a surface arund which water r ice drplets frm, MdClima says it has invented an “experimental” methd that uses water alne.
Carnival-gers cheered when the first tw days were cludy but dry. Many shared Skal’s vide. But at arund 5 pm n February 24th, the sky darkened and rain pured dwn. Celebrants at ne blck party left the Skal stands and rushed t buy umbrellas and plastic rain capes.
28.Why did Skal supprt clud-seeding?
A. T increase rainfall.B. T prmte its beer sales.
C. T prvide evidence fr a research.D. T highlight the theme f the Carnival.
29.Which is Artax’s attitude tward clud-seeding?
A. Objective.B. Dubtful.C. Cnservative.D. Negative.
30.Why was the US gvernment n lnger in favr f clud-seeding?
A. Its utcme culdn’t be prved.B. It wrked in limited situatins.
C. It needed mre field researches.D. It used an un-ecfriendly chemical.
31.What is the best title f the text?
A. Culd rain ruin fun?
B. Hw d we change weather?
C. Culd we rely n intentinal rain?
D. Hw d we avid clud-seeding pllutin?
D
Clin Chapman, the funder f Ltus Cars, was ne f mtr racing’s mst influential engineers. He summed up his philsphy as “simplify, then add lightness”. A simple, featherweight car might be slwer n the straights than a beefy muscle-machine, he reasned. But it wuld be faster everywhere else. Between 1962 and 1978 Ltus wn seven Frmula One cnstructrs champinships.
It appears t be an uncmmn insight since humans always struggle with subtractive thinking. When asked t imprve smething, they tend t suggest adding new things rather than remving sme, even when additins lead t nt satisfying results. In ne study cnducted by Gabrielle Adams, alng with clleagues at the University f Virginia, participants were asked t change a pattern n a grid（网格）f clured squares t make it balanced. Althugh that culd be dne equally well by adding new squares r by deleting existing nes, 78% chse the additive ptin.
But why peple frget that less is ften mre? One experiment asked participants t redesign and unbalance Leg structure s that it culd supprt a huse-brick. Participants culd earn a dllar fr fixing the prblem, but each piece f Leg they added cut that reward by ten cents. Even then, nly 41% wrked ut that simplifying the structure by remving ne single blck, rather than cmplicating it by adding mre, was the way t maximize the payut. Practice imprved peple’s chances f sptting subtractive slutins, suggesting that many were simply nt thinking f the pssibility, at least at first.
What all this amunts t is evidence fr “additive thinking” entering the list f “cgnitive biases”（认知偏差）. The 2002 Nbel Memrial Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded fr demnstrating that humans are nt thinking lgically as ecnmists d. Instead f thinking a prblem thrugh and cming up with an ideal slutin, they tend t use cgnitive shrtcuts that are fast and—mstly— “gd enugh”.
32.Why is Chapman’s case mentined in paragraph 1?
A. T prve his philsphy.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T supprt the argument.D. T prvide an example.
33.What were the participants asked t d in Adam’s study?
A. T balance a pattern.B. T plus new squares.
C. T delete riginal squares.D. T change a pattern’s clur.
34.What can we knw abut subtractive thinking fr paragraph 3?
A. It can make things mre cmplex.
B. It is a shrtcut t gaining a frtune.
C. It can be facilitated thrugh practice.
D. It is a cmmn way t tackle prblems.
35.What des the authr try t cnvey thrugh the text?
A. Less is ften mre.B. Think less and act mre.
C. Additive thinking is a shrtcut.D. Ecnmists think mre lgically.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are Yu a Prisner f Perfectin
D yu struggle fr a gal that is beynd yur reach? ___36___ Are yu setting yurself up fr failure and shame when yu can’t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectin is the first step tward releasing this self - created anchr that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are ften the hidden drives f perfectin. We believe that if we fashin a perfectly plished persnality, flash ur intelligence, and perfect ur humur, then n ne can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and apprval.
___37___ Pliticians wh display a desperate need t be right and refuse t acknwledge mistakes r uncertainty are ften driven by a secret shame. They fear that shwing vulnerability（弱点）will expse them t the accusatin that they’re weak. They stick t a desire t be right, perfect, and plished, even when it’s bvius that the emperr has n clthes.
Perfectinism keeps us leaning tward the future. We’re cnstantly evaluating urselves in rder t be better. ___38___ Hwever, if we can’t relax and enjy lighter mments, then we becme prisners f ur perfectinism. We get painfully self - cnscius and take urselves t serius. Sadly, we deprive（剥夺）urselves f the simple pleasure f enjying the mment and being urselves.
___39___ We realized that failing at any enterprise desn’t mean that we are a failure. Withut failures, we’ll never learn frm ur mistakes; we’ll never mve frward in ur lives. Thse wh succeed have made cuntless mistakes. The imprtant thing is t learn frm ur errr, frgive urselves and mve n.
Being human, perfectin is impssible. ___40___ Releasing urselves frm the desire t prtect ur image, we’re freed t sail gracefully thrugh ur success and failures --- and enjy ur precius life.
A.D yu hld an idealized visin that is impssible t realize?
B.A cure t perfectinism is t make rm fr ur human shrtcmings.
C.D yu fear that thers will be hrrified by what yu judge abut yurself?
D.The additin t staying perfect prtects us frm any sign f being imperfect.
E.There’s nthing wrng with wanting t d ur best and self - crrecting alng the way.
F.Peple wh are addicted t perfectin are ften islated, even if they seem utging and ppular.
G.By accepting urselves as we are and ding ur best, we begin t rid f the shame that drives perfectinism.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It had been a lng business trip. We had already had multiple flight delays, s I was pleased when we ___41___ barded the plane n schedule. The flight attendants shut the dr, ___42___ the passengers, and sn after, I heard the sund f the engines firing, which seemed quite ___43___ t me.
It is cmmn in Atlanta that we had t wait a bit n the ___44___ fr ur turn. And then finally we started mving slwly. ___45___, when we did s fr abut ten minutes, suddenly the plane stpped. An annuncement came that we’d have a delay, and we’d be in a hlding pattern（等待航线）fr a little while.
That “little while” ___46___ 90 minutes at last. It was almst 40 degrees and we were ___47___ in the small plane with almst n air cnditining. It seemed like a(n) ___48___! S when the plane tk ff in the end, all the passengers culdn’t help cheering.
Waiting is nt smething that cmes easily t me. I’m mre like the sprts car with the engine ___49___ waiting at the crssing. The mment the traffic light turns greens, I will rush ut urgently.
But nw, as I’ve reached my advanced age, I’ve ___50___ smething: When I have t stay in a “hlding pattern”, it will be wise t accept that with ___51___ and a gd attitude.
Smetimes thse “hlding patterns” are fr my ___52___. They teach me smething cnnect with smene, r make me wait until things are ___53___. Smetimes thse “hlding patterns” seem very lng and ___54___ just like the ne n the ht airplane but I shuld trust everything will be OK. I shuld knw what I can d is just have ___55___ with the difficult time.
41.A. actuallyB. happilyC. instantlyD. deliberately
42.A. settledB. cmfrtedC. linedD. investigated
43.A. disgustingB. sharpC. certainD. beautiful
44.A. runwayB. platfrmC. pavementD. rad
45.A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. InsteadD. Hwever
46.A. turned intB. made upC. ran ut fD. led t
47.A. limitedB. trappedC. expectedD. frbidden
48.A. dreamB. failureC. disasterD. adventure
49.A. breaking dwnB. runningC. lsing cntrlD. dying
50.A. cnfirmedB. deservedC. experiencedD. realized
51.A. gratitudeB. painC. kindnessD. awe
52.A. tasteB. rightC. benefitD. excitement
53.A. in a messB. in streC. in placeD. in cmmn
54.A. unbearableB. frighteningC. discuragingD. strange
55.A. curageB. cnfidenceC. patienceD. curisity
Ⅱ 卷（主观题共55分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The UNESCO Glbal Ge park（地质公园）cnsists f six lcal cmmunities, each with their wn featured ___56___(attractin) ranging frm mini farms t gelgical gardens. These cmmunities were lking fr ways t develp sustainable ecturism in this rural area.
Very recently, the Ge park acquired an ___57___(abandn) church building and will transfrm it int a new Ge park Centre ___58___ will serve nt nly as a cmmunity and visitr centre, but als ffer a range f services and facilities. It is intended that such services and facilities will cntribute t the lng term ___59___(finance) sustainability f the Ge park and create sustainable emplyment pprtunities.
As an utdr labratry fr lcal schls, the Ge park fcuses n ___60___ fun, interactive, discvery learning style, aiming t build pride in the cmmunities. They als wrk with universities ___61___ adult educatin centers cvering a wide range f subjects including lcal gelgy, archaelgy and architecture. The gelgical garden serves ___62___(explain) key events in the earth’s histry (creature evlutin, climate change, plate structure thery etc.), and ___63___(be) a ppular picnic spt. They use kite phtgraphy, gephysical surveys and seismmeters（地震仪）t make learning ___64___(excite). The new Ge park Centre ___65___(annual) prvides hands-n learning as well as specialist talks and demnstratins.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
世界卫生组织（Wrld Health Organizatin）在首个关于全球青少年运动趋势的研究报告中称，全球大约有80%的青少年缺乏锻炼。假若你是李华，请根据以下要点准备一篇英语发言稿，在你校的升旗礼上发言，内容包括：
1. 中学生缺乏运动的原因；
2. 给你校同学推荐一项运动，并说明理由。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear fellw students,
___________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was in my rm, unwilling t head t the cmmunity theatre with “my brther” Henry. He was just adpted by my parents recently. I was nt in the md fr being n stage with him.
“Kristie, cme here,” my mm called. Fllwing her vice, I fund her utside the bathrm, hlding a wet bk. She gave the bk a shake. “Henry’s bk was in the bathtub. Did yu put it there?” She glared at me, smething she never did befre Henry came t ur hme. I didn’t wet his bk n purpse. Tears f hurt cluded my eyes. Wrse still, she prmised t buy him a new cpy. My heart ached. Henry was stealing my mther’s lve. He was ruining my life.
Meanwhile, Henry was just nearby, absrbed in wrking n a cmplicated rpe knt（绳结）as usual. Why did a by like him d the girly wrk? Far frm manly!
Sn, it was time t have t set ff t the cmmunity theatre. As Henry walked ahead f us t the car, my mm tk me aside and said in a lw vice, “It’s the first time fr Henry t be nstage. Be kind t him, Hney.” I ndded but sighed. Being kind didn’t use t be hard. But after Henry mved in, everything felt different. The theatre used t be a special place fr my parents and me. With Henry invlved, it didn’t seem s special any mre.
Finally, it was ur stage time. My heart beat wildly. I frgt my annyance at Henry fr a while. As we kids lined up, ready t act ut ur shrt play, I realized hw lsely I had tied the drawstring（束带）n my skirt. Sure enugh, my skirt began t drp. Laughter frm the audience culd be heard, and even thugh I was wearing shrts under my skirt, I culd feel my face burst int flames. Hwever, my hands were full. If nly smene culd help me ut!
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Right then, Henry sensed my embarrassment. ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After the perfrmance, I fund Henry and tapped him n the gratefully _________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
1~3ABC4~7DDBA8~11BDAC12~15BACA
第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
16~20ADEBG
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
21~25ABDAD26~30ABABD31~35ACCAC
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
36. attractins; 37. abandned; 38. which/that; 39. financial; 40. a
41. and; 42. t explain; 43. is; 44. exciting; 45. annually
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
略
第二节（满分25分）
略