高考英语二轮复习4.1.2 细节理解题（2）含答案

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(2018·长沙市高中毕业生五月供题)
Abut Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle plays an imprtant rle in Sctland's capital. During the Wars f Scttish Independence the castle changed hands many times.In 1314 it was retaken frm the English in a sudden night attack by Thmas Randlph，nephew f Rbert the Bruce.
The castle was hme t kings and queens.Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary，Queen f Scts, gave birth t JamesⅥ in the ryal palace in 1566. Frm the 1600s nwards the castle was a military(军事的) base.Later it als held prisners f war. Parts f the castle are still a military base，but it is nw a wrld?famus visitr attractin.
Opening Hurs
The castle pens daily at 9：30 am. Clsing time varies seasnally.
1 April—30 September：it clses at 6 pm.
1 Octber—31 March：it clses at 5 pm.
The castle is clsed n 25th and 26th December. On January 1st it is pen frm 11 am t 5 pm and nrmal hurs start frm January 2nd.
Last admissin is 1 hur befre clsing.
Ticket Types and Prices
Beat the queues and bk ahead nline using ur web stre fr fast?track entry at n extra cst.Members d nt need t queue at the ticket ffice, and simply need t shw their card at Visitr Infrmatin.
Prices
Children under 5 years ld g free.They must be accmpanied by an adult.
Guided Turs
A guided tur is included in yur ticket price—ur guides lve sharing their stries.They are experienced，knwledgeable and are always happy t answer questins，s it's a great way t discver the castle's amazing past.Guided turs take place thrughut the day and the meeting pint is thrugh the Prtcullis Gate past the audi bth by the clck.
【语篇解读】 该文主要介绍了去爱丁堡城堡游览的相关事宜。
1．What can be inferred abut Edinburgh Castle frm the text?
A．It was used as a prisn in the 1 500s.
B．It nw wrks nly as a turist attractin.
C．It was the birthplace f Queen Margaret.
D．It was nce wned by nn-Scttish peple.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一部分的“In 1314 it was retaken frm the English in a sudden night attack by Thmas Randlph, nephew f Rbert the Bruce”可知，爱丁堡城堡曾经被英国人所占领和控制，故选D。
【答案】 D
2．When can visitrs visit Edinburgh Castle n New Year's Day?
A．4 pm～6 pm. B．3 pm～5 pm.
C．10 am～12 am. D．9 am～11 am.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二部分的“On January 1st it is pen frm 11 am t 5 pm and nrmal hurs start frm January 2nd”可知，新年这天可以参观爱丁堡城堡的时间是上午11点到下午5点，结合选项可知选B。
【答案】 B
3.Hw much shuld jbless Jack and his twin grandchildren aged 5 pay in all t visit Edinburgh Castle?
A．￡ 13.20. B．￡ 16.50.
C．￡ 33.00. D．￡ 36.30.
【解析】 细节理解题。结合题干并根据第三部分和第四部分关于门票的事宜可知，应该付的数目是13.2＋9.9×2＝33.00，故选C。
【答案】 C
4．What des the text say abut guided turs f Edinburgh Castle?
A．They cst n extra mney.
B．They are prvided nly at certain times.
C．Questins aren't welcmed during them.
D．They are prvided nly at the Prtcullis Gate.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一部分的“A guided tur is included in yur ticket price”可知，导游的费用包含在票价里，不需要花费额外的钱，故选A。
【答案】 A
B
(2018·太原市一模)
Urban Transprtatin in Canada
Public transprtatin & Transit passes
All cities and mst majr twns in Canada have a public transprtatin system with ne r mre mdes f transprtatin (bus，subway，train，etc.). The bus is the mst cmmn frm f urban transprtatin in Canada. T use public transprtatin，yu must purchase a ticket r a transit pass. Transit passes allw yu unlimited use f public transprtatin fr a specific perid (ne mnth r mre). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if yu plan t use public transprtatin ften.
Transprtatin fr peple with disabilities
Public transprtatin ften has features t assist peple with disabilities. In many cities and twns，there are als transprtatin services available specifically fr peple with limited mbility，such as specially equipped buses.Yu can find ut abut these services in the same way yu wuld learn mre abut ther public transprtatin ptins.
Etiquette n public transprtatin
When taking public transprtatin such as a bus r train，it is imprtant t understand the unspken rules f cnduct in the shared space.Here are a few things t nte：
◆Be plite and respectful t thers arund yu.Fr example, maintain an apprpriate nise level when talking r making a phne call.
◆If yu are carrying a backpack r a large shulder bag in a crwded public transit vehicle，keep it clse t yu，preferably at yur feet t avid hitting peple with it as yu walk by.
◆Avid pushing r tuching thers in rder t make mre rm fr yurself. Smetimes public transit can becme very crwded，but it is imprtant t keep calm and give thers apprpriate persnal space.
◆Have yur prf f payment accessible in case yu are asked t shw it.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了加拿大的公共交通方式和交通卡、公共交通为残疾人提供的服务及在公共交通工具上应注意的一些礼仪。
5．What is the advantage f using transit passes ver buying tickets?
A．Safer trips. B．Lnger service hurs.
C．Lwer csts. D．Mre use f transprt.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Transit passes allw yu unlimited use f public transprtatin fr a specific perid (ne mnth r mre). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if yu plan t use public transprtatin ften”可知， 交通卡可以在特定时间段内无限次使用， 因此如果经常使用公共交通工具的话， 使用交通卡(transit passes)会更便宜， 故选C项。
【解析】 C
6．Hw des the transprtatin system help peple with disabilities?
A．By running special transprt services.
B．By ffering fewer transprtatin ptins.
C．By limiting their mbility n city buses.
D．By prviding free rides in twns and cities.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In many cities and twns, there are als transprtatin services available specifically fr peple with limited mbility, such as specially equipped buses” 可知，交通系统可以为残疾人提供特殊的交通服务，故选A项。
【答案】 A
7．What is cnsidered implite n public transprtatin?
A．Lwering yur speaking vice.
B．Placing backpacks at yur feet.
C．Staying clse t ther passengers.
D．Having yur prf f payment at hand.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Avid pushing r tuching thers in rder t make mre rm fr yurself”及“it is imprtant t keep calm and give thers apprpriate persnal space”可知， 在公共交通工具上要避免触碰到他人， 为他人留出适当的个人空间， 因此C项(和其他乘客靠得很近)是不礼貌的， 故选C项。
【答案】 C
C
(2018·南昌市NCS2018607项目一模)Traditinally, rbts have been hard，made f metal and ther rigid material: But a team f scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed t build an entirely sft rbt－ne that draws inspiratin frm an ctpus(章鱼)．
Described in science jurnal Nature，the “Octbt” culd pave the way fr mre effective autnmus rbts that culd be used in search, rescue and explratin.“The Octbt is a minimal system which may serve as a fundatin fr a new generatin f cmpletely sft，autnmus rbts，”the study's authrs wrte.
Rbts built fr precise，repetitive mvements in a cntrlled envirnment dn't d s well n rugh terrains(地形) r in unpredictable cnditins.And they aren't especially safe arund humans，because they're made ut f hard and heavy parts that culd be ptentially dangerus t their users.
S researchers have been wrking n building sft rbts fr decades.They've taken inspiratin frm nature，lking t animals frm jellyfish t cckraches, which are ften made up f mre flexible matter.
But creating a cmpletely sft rbt remains a challenge.Even if engineers build a silicne(硅酮) bdy，it's still a grand challenge t cnstruct flexible versins f essential parts，such as a surce f pwer.
“Althugh sft rbtics is still in its early stage，it hlds great prmise fr several applicatins，such as search?and?rescue peratins and explratin”，Barbara Mazzlai and Virgili Mattli f the Italian Institute f Technlgy's Center fr MicrBiRbtics，wrte in a cmment.“Sft rbts might als pen up new appraches t imprving wellness and the quality f life.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。美国哈佛大学的科学家受到章鱼的启发，制造了软件机器人；这种机器人可以用于搜救、探险等行业，比常规机器人更安全；虽然软件机器人的开发和研究尚处在早期阶段，但是这种机器人必将更有利于人体的健康。
8．What's the special feature f “Octbt”？
A．It's sft. B．It's made f metal.
C．It's very small. D．It lks like an ctpus.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后一句中的“The Octbt is a minimal system which may serve as a fundatin fr a new generatin f cmpletely sft, autnmus rbts”可知，“Octbt”是一种可以用作软件机器人基础部件的微型系统；据此可知，“Octbt”的特点是柔软，故A项正确。
【答案】 A
9．What's the disadvantage f traditinal rbts?
A．They're hard t cntrl.
B．They're t heavy t mve.
C．They can't predict cnditins.
D．They can't behave well all the time.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，此外，由于沉重的金属部件，传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害；据此可知，传统机器人并非总是很好地运行，故D项正确。
【答案】D
10．One f the biggest challenges is t build Octbt's________．
A．silicne bdy B．cmplex cmpnents
C．precise mvements D．flexible pwer surce
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的第二句“Even if engineers build a silicne(硅酮) bdy，it's still a grand challenge t cnstruct flexible versins f essential parts，such as a surce f pwer”可知，即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体，但是建造柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，比如动力来源；据此可知，制造软体机器人最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源，故D项正确。
【答案】 D
11．What's the pssible applicatin f “Octbt”？
A．Medical research. B．Life rescue.
C．Machine peratin. D．Huse cleaning.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Althugh sft rbtics is still in its early stage, it hlds great prmise fr several applicatins, such as search?and?rescue peratins and explratin”可知，尽管软体机器人技术还处于早期阶段，但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务，故B项正确。
【答案】 B
Adult(16～59 years)
￡ 16.50
Child(5～15 years)
￡ 9.90
Special(60＋years and unemplyed)
￡ 13.20