第03讲 代词--2022年新七年级英语暑假预习专题讲解（人教版，含解析）
展开第03讲 代词
【学习目标】
考点分布 | 考点内容 | 命题焦点 |
1） 人称代词 2） 物主代词 3） 反身代词 4） 指示代词 5） 不定代词 6） 疑问代词 | 1） 人称代词的基本用法 2） 物主代词的基本用法 3） 疑问代词的基本用法 | 考查重点：人称代词、物主代词和疑问代词的基本用法。 常考题型：选择题、填空题、完形填空 |
【基础知识】
考点01 人称代词
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、动物、事物的名称的词。
| 单 数 | 复 数 | ||
主 格 | 宾 格 | 主 格 | 宾 格 | |
第一人称 | I | me | we | us |
第二人称 | you | you | you | you |
第三人称 | he | him | they | them |
she | her | |||
it | it | |||
人称代词的用法：
- 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。
I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。（I是主语）
We go to school by bus every day. 我们每天乘公共汽车去上学。（We是主语）
- 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或者表语。
Can you help me? 您能帮我一个忙吗？（me是宾语）
Please listen to me carefully. 请认真听我讲。（me是介词宾语）
It’s me. Open the door quickly. 是我，快开门。（me是表语）
- it的用法。
1) 代替前面已经提到的事物。
-Where is your bike? 你的自行车在哪里？
-It’s under the tree. 它在树下。
2) 代替性别不明的婴儿或者动物等。
It’s a lovely baby. Is it a girl or boy? 宝宝真可爱。是男孩还是女孩？
3) 代替不确定的人或事物，比如询问敲门人或者打电话时可以用it。
-Who is it？谁呀？（it指敲门的人）
-It’s me. 是我。
-Hello，may I speak to Sam, please? 您好，我找一下Sam。
-It’s Sam speaking. 我就是。（it指的是接电话的人）
4) 用来表示天气、时间、距离等。
It’s sunny today. 今天是晴天。
It’s half past ten. 现在是十点半。
How far is it from here to the park? 从这里到公园有多远？
- 人称并列时，单数是“你、他、我”的顺序，复数是“我们、你们、他们”的顺序。简单记忆：单数时时213，复数时是123。
You, Mike and I are good friends. 你、Mike和我是好朋友。
考点02 物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
| 单 数 | 复 数 | ||
形容词性 | 名词性 | 形容词性 | 名词性 | |
第一人称 | my | mine | our | ours |
第二人称 | your | yours | your | yours |
第三人称 | his | his | their | theirs |
her | hers | |||
its | its | |||
物主代词的用法：
- 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，在句子中作定语，后面跟名词。
This is my mother. 这是我的妈妈。（my用在名词mother前，作定语）
- 名词性物主代词具有名词性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语或者表语。
These apples are yours. Ours are in the basket. We can eat theirs.
这些苹果是你们的。我们的在篮子里。我们可以先吃他们的苹果。
（yours=your apples ours=our apples theirs=their apples，yours在句子中作表语，ours在句子中作主语，theirs在句子中作宾语。）
考点03 反身代词
人称 | 单数 | 复数 |
第一人称 | myself | ourselves |
第二人称 | yourself | yourselves |
第三人称 | himself herself itself | themselves |
不定人称 | oneself |
|
反身代词的用法：
- 主语和宾语同为一个人的时候，用反身代词。
David hurt himself while he was riding a bike. David在骑自行车的时候伤到了自己。
- 强调语气。
I myself can do it. 我自己能做。
- 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for等借此后面的宾语用反身代词或人称代词作宾语。
No one but myself/me was hurt. 只有我受了伤。
- 和by连用，意指on my own/on your own.
I clean the kitchen by myself. 我自己打扫厨房。
- 祈使句中的一些固定搭配常用到yourself/yourselves。
Look after yourself. 照顾好你自己。
Help yourself. 请自便。
考点04 指示代词
指示代词 | 数 | 用法 |
this/that | 单数 | 后面接单数形式 |
these/those | 复数 | 后面接复数形式 |
指示代词的用法：
- this/these 指空间上较近的事物；that/those指空间上较远的事物。
This is my book. 这是我的书。
That is your book. 那是我的书。
These are my books. 这些是我的书。
Those are his books. 那些是他的书。
- 可以指文中将要讲到的事物或者已经提到的事物，起承上启下的作用。
I got up late. That’s why I missed the school bus. 我起晚了。这就是我为什么没有赶上校车。
I didn’t finish the report on time. This made my boss angry. 我没有准时完成报告。这使我的老板很生气。
- 打电话过程中，介绍自己时，通常用this指代“我”，而不用I；询问对方时用that指代“你”，而不用you。
Hello， this is Mary. Who’s that? 喂，我是Mary。请问您是哪位？
This is Mary. Is that George? 我是Mary。你是George吗？
考点05 不定代词
1 | some | 一些 | 常用在肯定句中，可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 There is some milk in the fridge. 冰箱里还有一些牛奶。 |
any | 一些 | 常用在否定句和疑问句中。 There aren’t any people on the street because of the COVID-19. 因为疫情，街上没有一个人。 | |
no | 没有 | 用在肯定句中表示否定的意思。 I have no class. 我没有课了。 | |
2 | many | 许多 | 修饰可数名词复数。 I have many good friends in China. 在中国我有许多好朋友。 |
much | 许多 | 1) 修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is much time for us. 不用着急，我们还有很多时间。 2) too much 和 much too. ①too much，译为“太多”，修饰不可数名词，置于名词前；也可以修饰动词，置于动词后。 Sam has too much homework to do. Sam有太多家庭作业要做。 Stop eating too much. 停止吃那么多东西。 ②much too，译为“太”，修饰形容词或副词。 The box is much too heavy for Steve. 对于Steve来说，这个箱子太重了。 You are driving much too fast. 你开的太快了。 | |
3 | few | 几乎没有 | 修饰可数名词。 There are few people in the park. 公园里几乎没有人。 |
a few | 有几个，有些 | 修饰可数名词。 I ate a few apples and drank a little water. 我吃了一些苹果，喝了一点水。 | |
little | 几乎没有 | 修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。 | |
a little | 有几个，有些 | 修饰不可数名词。 There is still a little time left. 还有一些时间。 | |
4 | either | 两者中任何一个 | I like either of the two hats. 这两顶帽子中的任何一顶我都喜欢。 |
neither | 两者都不 | I choose neither of the two hats. 两顶帽子我都不要。 | |
any | 三者或三者以上中的任何一个 | I’m afraid I don’t like any one of these hats. 恐怕这些帽子我一顶都不喜欢。 | |
none | 三者或三者以上都不 | The red hat, the blue hat and the yellow hat are beautiful. But none of them are suitable for me. 这个红帽子、蓝帽子和黄色的帽子都很漂亮。但是它们都不适合我。 | |
5 | both | 两者都 | Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 |
all | 三者或者三者以上都 | All five men are good at painting. 这五个男人都很擅长绘画。 | |
6 | another | 三个或者三个以上中任意的另一个 | I don’t like this one, please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 |
other | 其他的 | Ask some other people. 问问其他人吧。 | |
the other | 两个中的另一个 | He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a teacher. 他有两个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是老师。 | |
others | =other+名词复数 | Some of us likes singing, others like dancing. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌，别的人喜欢跳舞。 | |
the others | 所有其余的人或事物 | Two boys will go to the zoo, the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将要去公园，剩下的其他人将要待在家里。 | |
7 | every | 每一个 | 着重于全体，而不是个别的每一个。 Every one of them goes to the same factory. 他们每个人都去了同一个工厂。 |
each | 每一个 | 着重于每个，不强调整体概念。 Each of them goes to a different factory. 他们各自去了不同的工厂。 |
考点06 疑问代词
who | 谁（主格） | Who is he? 他是谁？ |
Whom | 谁（宾格） | Whom did you see in the street? 你在大街上看到了谁？ |
Whose | 谁的 | Whose books are these on the desk? 桌子上的这些书是谁的？ |
which | 哪一个 | Which is bigger, the green one or the yellow one? 哪个更大一点，绿色的还是黄色的？ |
what | 什么 | What happened? 发生了什么？ |
when | 询问时间 | When do you go to Shanghai? 你什么时候去上海？ |
where | 询问地点 | Where will you go this summer holiday? 这个暑假你将去哪？ |
how | How old…? 年龄 How many…? 数量 How much…? 价格 How long…? 多长时间
| How old are you? 你多大了？ How many doctors and nurses went to Wuhan in your province? 在您的省份，有多少医护人员去了武汉？ How much are the mangoes? 芒果多少钱？ How long does it take to get to London by air? 乘飞机去伦敦要多长时间？
|
附：
人称 | 单复数 | 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 | 反身代词 |
第一人称 | 单数 | I | me | my | mine | myself |
复数 | we | us | our | ours | ourselves | |
第二人称 | 单数 | you | you | your | yours | yourself |
复数 | you | you | your | yours | yourselves | |
第三人称 | 单数 | he | him | his | his | himself |
she | her | her | hers | herself | ||
it | it | its | its | itself | ||
复数 | they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
【考点剖析】
考点1、人称代词
1．This is Jack and ________ is Wang Tao’s new friend.
A．we B．he C．she D．it
2．Could you just tell him to call ________ back?
A．me B．I C．my D．mine
考点2、物主代词
1．The girl is new here. What’s ________ name?
A．she B．she’s C．her D．hers
2．—Lucy, is this ________watch?
—No, it isn’t. ________ is on my desk.
A．your; Mine B．yours; Mine C．your; My D．yours; My
考点3、反身代词
The Greens enjoy ________ very much in Sydney, Australia.
A．they B．them C．their D．themselves
考点4、指示代词
________ is an English book and ________ is a Chinese book.
A．This; that B．that; this C．this; it D．it; that
考点5、不定代词
1．—Would you like ________ juice?
—No, thank you. I can’t drink ________ more.
A．some; any B．some; some C．any; some D．any; any
2．________ Mary and her brother got hurt in the traffic accident.
A．All B．Both C．Each
3．May is very happy because she has made quite ________ friends in her new school.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
4．Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and ________ is noisy.
A．another B．the other C．other
考点6、疑问代词
1．—________ is the pen?
—It’s orange.
A．What color B．What day C．Where D．How
2．—________ don’t you like tigers? —Because they are very scary.
A．What B．Why C．How D．When
【真题演练】
1．My brother likes basketball. I often play with ________ after school.
A．us B．her C．him D．them
2．—Where’s your sister, Sam?
— ________ is on the way to meet her friends.
A．You B．They C．She D．He
3．Mr. Li is our Chinese teacher. We all like ________.
A．her B．him C．us
4．— Is this your book, Betty?
— Yes, it’s ______.
A．mine B．yours C．his D．hers
5．Last Sunday I went for a picnic with my classmates and we enjoyed ________.
A．our B．us C．ourselves
6．______ is a book and ______are boxes.
A．Those; these B．This; these C．That; that D．These; this
7．I don’t feel lonely. I have ______ friends here.
A．a few B．few C．little
8．— Tom, is this the sock you are looking for?
— Yes, it is. But where is _____ one?
A．Other B．the other C．others D．another
9．—________ do you want?
—Blue.
A．How much B．What color C．What
10．—________ is your little sister?
—She’s ten.
A．How many B．How much C．How far D．How old
11．—________ are these shoes?
—They are $30.
A．How much B．How old C．How many
【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1．Lucy is my friend. ________ is from Beijing.
A．She B．He C．It D．Who
2．My friend Lanlan is a nice girl. We all like ________ very much.
A．him B．them C．her D．you
3．—Do you know the girl over there?
—Yes. ________ name is Jennifer Smith.
A．Her B．His C．My D．Your
4．This is not __________ notebook. __________ is blue.
A．my; My B．mine; Mine C．my; Mine
5．Look, the boy is enjoying ________ in the swimming pool.
A．he B．himself C．him D．his
6．Mom, ________ my good friends, Mike and Bob.
A．this is B．it is C．these are D．he is
7．________ are my cousins. ________ is my brother over there.
A．Those, This B．This, That C．These, That D．That,This
8．—Are there ________ children in the park?
—Yes, there are.
A．some B．much C．any D．little
9．I have plenty of time but I don’t have ________ money.
A．some B．much C．many D．a
10．They still need ________ people to help them finish the work.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
11．—How many students are there in the classroom?
—__________. They are all in the lab.
A．Some B．None C．All D．Neither
12．--- Which would you like, milk or orange juice?
--- is OK.
A．Both B．Every
C．All D．Either
13．There are many students in the classroom. Some are reading books. _____ are writing.
A．Other B．The other C．Another D．Others
14．This pair of shoes is too expensive. Please show me ________ pair.
A．other B．another C．this D．the other
15．I lost my red watch, and I must find ________. Can you help me?
A．it B．one C．them D．they
16．—Is this Ann’s kite?
—Yes, ________ looks very nice. I want to buy ________.
A．it; it B．it; one C．one; it
17．—________ is it now?
—It’s 8.
A．What time B．When C．What D．Where
18．—________ is your father?
— He is a teacher.
A．Who B．What C．How D．Where
19．—________ books are there on the desk?
—About thirty.
A．How many B．How much C．How often
20．— ________ do you usually come to school?
—By bike.
A．How B．What C．How often D．When
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
21．This is ________ (I) mother.
22．Helen isn’t at home by ________(she). Her sister is with her.
23．Millie’s dress is different from ________ (I).
24．— Is that John’s ball?
— No, it’s mine. ________ (he) is under the chair.
25．My sister’s favorite sport is volleyball, but ________ (my) is soccer.
26．Mr. Green’s classes are very interesting. He often tells _______ (we) some stories.
27．How much are ________ (this) socks?
28．Mary lost ________ (she) keys in the classroom.
29．My bike is broken. May I borrow ________ (you)?
30．Those sweaters are nice. I’ll take ________ (it).
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