专题11-Unit 4 V-ing作宾语-单元语法精讲+自我检测【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

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专题11 Unit 4 V-ing作宾语-单元语法精讲+自我检测
【语法精讲】
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，有一般式和完成式，主动式和被动式，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语、状语和宾补。
常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。
eg:①I can’t imagine marrying her.
②She managed to escape being punished.
以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
eg:①I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
一些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语。
【巧学妙记】
【巧学妙记】巧记跟动名词的动词：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想；
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,
admit, delay/put off, fancy;
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate;
forbid, imagine, risk,
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape.














☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。
☛Mary is considering changing her job. 玛丽正在考虑换工作。
3）一些动词既能跟不定式又能跟V-ing作宾语
1. (1) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）
(2) remember to do sth.记着去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
(3) stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
(4) regret to do sth. 对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;
regret doing sth对已做的事情表示后悔
(5) mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do(不能帮忙做…)
can’t help doing (禁不住做…)
can't help but do sth忍不住做某事，不禁做某事，不得不干…
☛I forgot to close the door before I left the room. 在我离开房间前，忘记关门。
☛I forgot having closed the door. 我忘记关门。
☞I didn’t mean to hurt you.我本无意伤害你。
☞Doing morning exercises means getting up early. 做早操意味着早起床。
4) 动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。常见的含有介词的动词短语：be/get used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于……), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。此外，介词后跟动名词的结构：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；have fun (in) doing sth.
It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 　今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.
我现在与学生们打交道和我过去航海一样开心。

(1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。
We had no choice but to wait.
我们除了等待之外别无选择。
I could do nothing except agree.
我除了同意，什么都做不了。
(2)but后总跟省略不定式符号to的短语：do nothing but...只能……； cannot help but...禁不住……；cannot but...不得不……；cannot choose but...只得……

(1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。
We had no choice but to wait.
我们除了等待之外别无选择。
I could do nothing except agree.
我除了同意，什么都做不了。
(2)but后总跟省略不定式符号to的短语：do nothing but...只能……； cannot help but...禁不住……；cannot but...不得不……；cannot choose but...只得……
②He gave up smoking three years.
【自我检测】
I. 单项选择。
1. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget                     B. forgot                    C. forgetting                  D. to forget
2. _____ this report _____ in such a short time was quite a difficult exercise.
A. Getting, done               B. Get, done
C. To get, to do                D. Getting, to do
3. I regret _______what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.
A. to say                          B. saying
C. to be saying                  D. said
4. Michael never dreamt of ___ for him to be sent abroad very soon.
A. being a chance B. there’s a chance
C. there to be a chance D. there being a chance
5. In order not to be disturbed ,I spent three days in my study.
A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. lock
6. As we all know, it was _____ that resulted in the terrible car accident.
A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless
C. because she was careless D. she was so careless
7. Farmland ___ quickly, so they are considering _____ a programme to solve the problem.
A. is getting lost,starting B. is lost,to start
C. is losing, starting D. loses, to start
8. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.
A. to watch                 B. to watching            C. watching                  D. watch
9. The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. cause          B. being caused           C. to be caused             D. to have caused
10. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell            B. smelling                  C. smelt               D. to be smelt
11. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded           B. recording           C. to be recorded          D. having recorded
12. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue                         B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken          D. warnings were given to tourists
13. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied        B. to study           
C. to be studying      D. to have been studying
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carried out              B. carrying out        C. carry out                 D. to carry out
15. I’ve worked with child before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected                 B. to expect                   C. to be expecting         D. expect
16. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered       B. Suffering            C. To suffer                 D. Suffered
17. I shall never forget _______ the Alps for the first time. It was really beautiful.
A. to see                           B. seeing
C. saw                              D. being seeing
18. In the whole interview, he tried to avoid _______ their questions.
A. to answer                      B. answering
C. to have answered           D. having answered
19. He was lucky and narrowly missed _______.
A. to injure                        B. injuring
C. to be injured                  D. being injured
20. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see                     B. to be seen                  C. seeing                      D. seen
21. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins                    B. having begun              C. beginning                 D. begun
22. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with                                         B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it                                         D. to do what with it
23. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke                    B. smoking                    C. to smoke               D. smoked
24. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ___ ?
A. to be buying            B. to buy                       C. for buying             D. bought
25. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat              B. seating            C. seated        D. to be seating
26. Victor apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able                                        B. him not to be able 
C. his not being able                                        D. him to be not able
27. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing, disappeared                                    B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing                                   D. seized, disappearing
28.To mean ______ something and ______ something actually are two different things.
A. to do, to do           B. doing, doing          C. to do, doing          D. doing, to do
29. It remains ______ whether the cancer will respond to treatment.
A. seen                     B. to be seen             C. seeing                  D. to see
30. After describing the planned improvements, she went on ______ how much they would cost.
A. to explain              B. explaining             
C. to be explaining     D. having explained
31. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering               B. to be watering       C. to water               D. being watering
32. ______ out more about university courses, write to this address.
A. Finding                 B. To find                 C. To be finding        D. Find
33. After driving all night we got to Amy’s place, _______ that she was away.
A. only to discover    B. only discovering    
C. only discovered     D. only having discovered
34. _____ this report ______ in such a short time was quite a difficult exercise.
A. Getting, done        B. Get, done              C. To get, to do         D. Getting, to do
35. They must be at home—there’s a light _______ in the bedroom.
A. to shine                B. to be shining         C. shining                 D. having shined
36. A few days after the interview, I received a letter ______ me the job.
A. offered                 B. offering                C. to be offering        D. having offered
37. ______ that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him.
A. Knowing              B. To know              C. To be knowing      D. Known
38. My wife had a long talk with Sally, ______ why she didn’t want the children to play together.
A. explained              B. explaining             
C. to explain              D. having explained
39. —Do you have your windows ______ every month?
—Not always. Sometimes I clean them myself.
A. cleaning                B. to clean      C. cleaned          D. having cleaned
40. When he got up to speak, the minister had eggs ______ at him.
A. to throw               B. throwing               C. thrown                 D. threw
41. A railway station is no place for a child ______ alone at night.
A. leave                    B. leaving                  C. to be leaving         D. to be left
42. I’ll write down his telephone number ______ forget it.
A. so as not to          B. so as to not           C. not so as to           D. so not as to
43. When you’re ill, ______ to get well again is often half the battle.
A. wanting                B. want                    C. to be wanting        D. having wanted
44. Should people do what they think is right even when it means ______ the law?
A. breaking               B. to break                C. having broken      D. to have broken
45. After being ill I didn’t feel like ______ but I managed ______ something down.
A. eating, to force      B. to eat, to force      C. eating, forcing      D. to eat, forcing
46.—They’ll get their money back.
—I should hope so too, after ______ like that.
A. being treated         B. to be treated          C. treating                D. treated
47. This kind of beauty cream is said ______ able to smooth away wrinkles.
A. to be                   B. being                    C. having been          D. to have been
48. When you’re waiting for an operation, you feel like there’s a cloud ______ over you.
A. having hung          B. hanging                C. hangs                   D. being hung
49. If she catches someone ______ her diary, she’ll be angry.
A. read                     B. reading                 C. reads                    D. to read
50. Don’t leave her ______ outside in the rain—ask her in.
A. wait                     B. waiting                 C. to wait                 D. to be waiting
II. 语法填空。
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.