牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Welcome to the unit教学设计

Unit 4  Living with technology

Welcome to the unit & Reading (II)

I. Learning objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. master the following core vocabulary: capacity, finance, crime, urge, pose, demand, alternative;

2. understand the core vocabulary in the text;

3. use the core vocabulary in new context;

4. grasp and apply the skills of the tip: Understanding words in context;

5. analyse some complex sentences in the text.

II. Key competence focus

1. Master and use the core vocabulary in new context;

2. Grasp and apply the new reading skills.

III. Predicted area of difficulty

1. How to use the core vocabulary in new context;

2. How to understand some complex sentences in the text.

IV. Teaching procedures

T greets the class.

T: Class begins, boys and girls! Good morning/afternoon!

Step 1 Building core vocabulary

1. capacity

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) This book is within the capacity of younger readers.

2) Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others.

3) The factory is working at full capacity to make machines for farmers.

4) His mental capacity never really got beyond that of an adolescent.

5) A capacity crowd of 76,000 people was at Wembley football stadium for the event.

Answers:

1) a 2) e 3) c 4) a 5) b

2. finance

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) She refused to answer questions about her personal finances.

2) Finance for education mainly comes from taxpayers.

3) He majored in finance at Claremont Men’s College in California.

4) The band was financed by a famous financier.

5) Regional finance support can’t be separated from the regional economy.

Answers:

1) c 2) a 3) d 4) e 5) b

3. crime

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) It’s a crime the way he bullies his children.

2) Mr. Steele has committed no crime and poses no danger to the public.

3) It would be a crime to travel all the way to Australia and not stop in Sydney.

Answers:

1) c 2) a 3) b

4. urge

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) He urged that we should start going to Hilton.

2) Motoring organizations are urging drivers not to travel by road if possible.

3) She urged her horse to jump the fence but failed.

4) Since the pre-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs.

Answers:

1) b 2) c 3)a 4) d

5. pose

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.

2) Winter poses particular difficulties for the elderly.

3) The artist asked her to pose for him to draw a pretty picture.

4) The prisoner posed as a prison officer in order to escape.

Answers:

1) d 2) c 3) a 4) b

6. demand

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort.

2) Demand for skilled workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones.

3) The workers’ demands for higher pay were refused by the employers.

Answers:

1) c 2) b 3) a

7. alternative

T: Match the underlined words with their right definitions.

1) You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.

2) One of the alternatives open to you is to resign.

3) There was no car to rent, so we found an alternative means of transport.

Answers:

1) b 2) b 3) a

【设计意图：此节关于核心词汇学习，核心词汇使用机率高、往往词义多样且词性复杂，本节避尽量枯燥讲解，要求学生将例句中核心词汇与简明的定义对应，让学生在学习新词汇的同时不知不觉地运用“从文理中猜词释义”的技巧。为Step 3 Understanding the word(s)in context埋下伏笔】

Step 2 Understanding the core words in the text

T: We’ve learnt the core vocabulary of this text. Now let’s find out the core words in the text and understand their meaning in context.

1. “Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.” (Last sentence in Para.2.)

Answers:

1. The word capacity is objective, which is a noun, meaning “ability to do sth.”.

2. Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, natural language processing and art, to name but a few. (First sentence in Para. 4)

2. The word “finance” is a noun and should be a field of money management.

3. How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? (Lines 41-42 Para 5)

3. The word “crimes” is a noun, acting as an object, meaning “illegal actions, for which one may be punished by law”.

4. As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. (Lines 42-44 Para. 5)

4. The word “urging” in the sentence serves as predicate, meaning “trying hard to persuade sb. to do”. The word “posed” is past participle as attributive, meaning “created or presented”.

5. Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. (Line 47 Para. 6)

5. The word “demand” serve as predicate, meaning “require or need”.

6. It is a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face. (Lines 4-6 BP47)

6. The word “alternative” is noun, serving as object and meaning “choice”.

【设计意图：这一步承上一步 core word vocabulary, 重在实战运用，让学生在训练新词汇的同时不知不觉地运用“从文理中猜词释义”的技巧。为Step 3 Understanding the word(s)in context埋下伏笔】

Step 3 Understanding the word(s)in context

1. B2P47 T Let’s go to Exercise B2 to understand the words “coin”, “spell” in each sentence. Before we do it, let go through the Tip in the box together.

T: Now pick out the sentences in B2, in which the meaning of “coin” or “spell” is the same in the sentences in the text.

1) Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined in the mid-1950s, the theory had been explored by Alna Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science. (second sentence in Para. 2)

T: In the text, “coined” is a verb, which is the same with sentence c. Both of them can be replaced by “invented or created”. In sentences a and b, coin must be money made of metal. So the choice is “c”.

2) Stephen Hawking for example, warned, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” (Last sentence in Para. 5)

T: “Spell” in the three sentences is a verb. In sentence a, the object of the “spell” is “name”, so “spell” must be “to write or speak each letter in the correct order”. In sentence b, the object is “disaster”, whose meaning is the same with the word “spell” given in the text. They are “to have (sth) as a result”. So the choice is “b”.

【设计意图：此项将B2与课文中词汇有机结合在一起，既帮助学生掌握“从上下文中猜词义”的技巧，又帮助学生深度理解课文，一举两得。】

2. T: Now use the tips to guess the underlined words in the sentences from the text. (optional)

1) Then in 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems. (Last sentence in Para. 3)

What does the word “which” refer to?

A. The computer program.   B. AlphaGo.

C. The story of Ke Jie.       D. That Ke Jie was defeated by AlphaGo.

Answer: 1) D

2) With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. (3rd sentence in Para. 5)

What can conclude from the underlined words?

A. Humans are going to be replaced by robots.

B. Robots are closer to humans in intelligence.

C. Humans will always benefit from robots.

D. The dividing line between humans and robots is clearer.

2) B

3) While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.

Which is the best definition of the underlined word “promise”?

A. show signs or make (sth.) seem likely

B. make a promise (to sb.)

C. written or spoken declaration that one will give or do or not do sth.

D. indication that sth. may be expected to come or occur

3) A

4) As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.

Which can replace the underlined word “posed”?

A. sat or stood  B. pretended   C. created   D. position

4) C

【设计意图：此项利用新学的猜词释义技巧来理解课文中词汇，既帮助学生运用“从上下文中猜词义”的技巧，又帮助学生深度理解课文，一举两得。】

Step 4 Understand the complex sentences

T: Thanks to the length and complex grammatical structure, some sentences in the text are hard to understand. However, if you can find out the main body of the sentence, it will be much easier for you to understand the whole sentence. Now let’s try some sentences.

1. It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true. (Last sentence in Para. 1)

1. The main body of the sentence is: It may seem like…and…dreams may…come true. Here “given” leads conditional adverbial clause. The word “given” means “assuming, supposing, on condition that”.

2. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. (Last sentence in Para.2)

2. The main body of the sentence is:… AI has the capacity…. The infinitive phrase “to analyse…” modifies “capacity”. The present participial phrase is adverbial, modifying “to analyse”.

【设计意图：影响阅读质量还有长句，长句语法结构复杂，但抽出句子主干，句子就容易理解了，此节帮助学生掌握阅读长句的技巧，也有助于深度理解课文。】

V. Homework

1. Watch the micro lesson: Understanding words in context. (Optional)

2. Finish B1 on Page 47.

Answers: 1) analyse 2) network 3) to name but a few 4) pose 5) warnings 6) fall victim to 7) are urged/ have been urged 8) Apparently

2. Fill in the blanks with the given words, using their proper forms. (optional)

1) It’s terrible for him to use his intelligence for ________ (crime) purposes.

2) The fund has been used largely ________ (finance) the construction of federal prisons.

3) Rising unemployment is ________ (pose) serious problems for the government.

4) Memory loss and ________ (capability) for decision making are the symptoms of this disease.

5) This information is only raw data and will need further ________ (analyse).

6) The boss is greedy and only pays chicken feed for a very ________ (demand) job.

7) The government does not want to go to war unless all other ________ (alter) have failed.

8) Looking at all the frightening faces, she felt a sudden urge ________ (run) away.

Answers:

1) criminal 2) to finance 3) posing 4) incapacity 5) analysis 6) demanding 7) alternatives 8) to run

【设计意图：本课重点是核心词汇，此项练习针对核心词汇中的“Vocabulary Web”，有助学生课外复习巩固这些词汇。】