人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage达标测试

课时素养检测二

Unit 1　Period 2

Ⅰ.  阅读理解

A

The Yungang Grottoes (石窟) is facing a life or death situation.  The website efaw.   cn reported that Yungang Grottoes,   located on the southern foot of Wuzhou Hill,  16 kilometers west of Datong in Shanxi Province,   has been severely damaged by human activities and natural influences.  “If we do not take action,   the grottoes will be gone forever,  ”a researcher from the Yungang Grottoes Research Institute said. 

The grotto complex (联合体) is made up of more than 51,  000 Buddhist statues,   ranging from 3 centimeters to 17 meters in height.  Most of them were constructed during the Wei Dynasty in the mid-fifth century. 

“Water penetration (渗透) is a major natural destroyer of the grottoes,  ”said Director Yuan Jinghu.  With the downpours directly washing their bodies,   and the accumulated (聚积的) water eating out their basements,  the statues suffer the most in July,  August and September,  when large quantities of rainfall hit the region. 

But weather is not the only source of the damage.  Datong,  the city where the statues sit,  is a longtime industrial city famous for its coal production.  The floating coal dust,  mixed with the sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) produced from coal burning,   is another murder.  Although the government has spent over one hundred million yuan for the construction of a new coal transport route far from the Yungang Grottoes and a large annual sum to maintain the grottoes,   there is still another threat,   in the form of increasing numbers of tourists. 

“Besides the intentional damages,  such as littering and touching too much or improper climbing,  the carbon dioxide that humans breathe out is also harmful to the statues,  ”the director said.  Yuan is concerned for the future of the statues,  and said that as humans,  visitors should understand and respect the statues’ importance.  The statues have lives like human beings,  and if we protect them,   they will live.  If not,  they will die,  and later generations will never have the chance to take a look at such glorious art. 

【语篇概述】文章介绍了现在云冈石窟的现状以及国家为了保护它而采取的一些措施。

1.  The text is mainly about ________.   

A.  the history of Yungang Grottoes

B.  the ways to protect Yungang Grottoes

C.  the situation of Yungang Grottoes

D.  the importance of Yungang Grottoes

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍云冈石窟目前面临的处境。

2.  How many causes of the damage to Yungang Grottoes are mentioned in the text?

A.  2.  　　　　B.  3.  　　　　C.  4.  　　　　D.  5. 

【解析】选B。细节理解题。本文第三、四、五段提到了对石窟造成危害的原因有water penetration,  air pollution,  human activities共3个。

3.  All of the following may contribute to the damage of Yungang Grottoes EXCEPT ________.   

A.  touching too much

B.  throwing rubbish there

C.  improper climbing

D.  taking photos of the statues

【解析】选D。细节理解题。本文最后一段提到了一些行为会对石窟造成伤害,  但未提“taking photos of the statues”。

4.  What can be inferred from this text?

A.  Many people want to destroy the grottoes in Yungang completely. 

B.  The government has taken measures to protect Yungang Grottoes. 

C.  The grottoes in Yungang will disappear forever on the earth soon. 

D.  No people will be allowed to visit Yungang Grottoes in the future. 

【解析】选B。推理判断题。第四段“.  .  .  the government has spent over one hundred million yuan for the construction of a new coal transport route far from the Yungang Grottoes and a large annual sum to maintain the grottoes.  .  .  ”可知政府已经采取了措施。

B

When I started working,  I couldn’t understand why there were some people who seemed to succeed in anything they tried,  while there were others who just couldn’t manage to achieve anything.  After a while,  I became amazed at the biggest difference lying in setting and reviewing goals regularly. 

Then I saw an academic study done by Dr.  David Kohl on goals:

*80% of Americans claim that they don’t have goals. 

*16% of them have goals,  but they don’t write them down. 

*Only 3% actually have written goals,  but they don’t review them regularly. 

*Only 1% have written goals and they review them regularly,  and these are among the highest achievers in the US. 

You need to set goals,  independent of whether you want to achieve more or less.  Goals are not only about achieving more or wanting to take on more in life—a goal starts with a simple desire. 

What do you do with your desires and wants in life?  You could both ignore them and leave them to fade away in your mind,  or listen to yourself and start taking action to get what you want in life. 

On the one hand,  you can wish for a miracle,  try to put the least amount of effort in,  hoping to get the most out,  and do nothing.  On the other hand,  you can get clear on the steps you need to take and take them,  slowly,  one by one until you reach success in that area and you will live with new amazing results in your life. 

Setting goals is the essential part to achieve success in any area.  It begins with a desire,  and then a written goal,  followed by the right attitude and action,  and that is your formula for success.  Keep reviewing your goals and watch how your vision turns into your reality. 

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了设定目标的重要性,  它有助于我们成功。

5.  The underlined word “miracle” in paragraph 5 probably means “________”.   

A.  a lucky thing that you didn’t expect was possible

B.  a strong wish to have or do something

C.  a kind help that is given to a person

D.  a precious time that makes it possible to do something

【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据“try to put.  .  .  most out”(试着投入最少的努力,  希望得到最多的回报),  可知划线词所在的句子意思是“一方面,  你可以祈求奇迹”,  miracle意思是“奇迹”。

6.  Why did the author mention Dr.  David Kohl’s academic study?

A.  To give an example.  　　 B.  To make a comparison. 

C.  To show his topic.     D.  To make a conclusion. 

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据上文“After a while,  .  .  .  regularly.  (过了一段时间,  我惊讶于最大的不同在于定期设定和回顾目标。)”可知作者提到Dr.  David Kohl的学术研究是为了说明他的主题。

7.  It can be inferred from the passage that ________.   

A.  everyone has goals which will make them succeed

B.  people will never forget their goals

C.  it is very easy to insist on their goals

D.  very few people can review their goals now and then

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据“Then I saw an academic study.  .  .  in the US.  (然后我看到David Kohl博士做的关于目标的学术研究: 80%的美国人声称他们没有目标。16%的人有目标,  但他们不会写下来。只有3%的人有书面目标,  但他们不会定期回顾。只有1%的人写过目标,  并定期回顾,  他们是美国成就最高的人之一。)”可知,  很少有人能不时回顾自己的目标。

8.  From the author’s point of view,  ________.   

A.  we can’t live without goals

B.  setting goals is not an easy thing for most of us

C.  it is possible for us to succeed if we set and review goals

D.  desires always make us succeed

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Setting goals is the essential part to achieve success in any area.  (设定目标是在任何领域取得成功的关键。)”可推断出,  从作者的角度来看,  如果我们设定和回顾目标,  我们是有可能成功的。

Ⅱ.  完形填空

阅读下面短文,  从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

With his leg lame and his teeth uneven,  the boy thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world.  He seldom played with his classmates,  and when asked to answer questions,  he always 　1　 his head without a word.   

One spring,  his father brought home some saplings (树苗).  　2　 of his children would plant a sapling and he promised,  “Whoever 　3　 his sapling best shall get a gift.  ” The boy certainly wanted to get the gift.  　4　 seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees,  he came up with an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon.  So watering it once or twice,  he never 　5　 it.   

Several days later,  he was 　6　 to find it not only didn’t die,  but also grew so many fresh 　7　.  Compared with those of his brothers and sisters,  his appeared greener.  His father kept his 　8　,  bought the boy a gift and said he would become an outstanding 　9　 after growing up.   

From then on,  the boy slowly became 　10　 and confident.  One evening,  he suddenly remembered his biology teacher once said that plants 　11　 grow at night.  Why not go to see the tree?  

When he came to the courtyard,  he found his father working near the tree!  Immediately he 　12　: Father had been secretly 　13　 his tree!  He returned to his room,  tears in his eyes.   

Decades passed.  The boy didn’t become a botanist.  Instead,  he became the U.  S.  　14　.  His name was Franklin Roosevelt.   

　15　 is the best nourishment (滋养品) of life.  Even though it is just a bucket of water,  it can make the tree of life grow well!  

1.  A.  held　　　B.  raised　C.  lowered D.  covered

【解析】选C。lower one’s head “低下头”。小男孩自卑,  与之相符的是低头逃避回答问题。

2.  A.  Both B.  Each C.  One D.  None

【解析】选B。根据第三段中的“Compared with those of his brothers and sisters.  .  .  ”可知父亲让每个孩子种一棵树。

3.  A.  likes  B.  protects

C.  watches  D.  grows

【解析】选D。父亲承诺树种得最好的人可以获得礼物,  故选grows。

4.  A.  But B.  So C.  Or D.  And

【解析】选A。小男孩也想得到父亲的礼物,  但是当看到兄弟姐妹都在细心呵护小树时,  便失去了信心,  选择了放弃,  表示转折。

5.  A.  contributed to B.  attended to

C.  got used to   D.  turned to

【解析】选B。根据So watering it once or twice,  he never ________it.  可知,  小男孩因此给它浇一两次水,  他从来没有照顾过它。contributed to有助于;  attended to照顾,  关心; got used to习惯于; turned to求助于。 

6.  A.  amused B.  frightened

C.  disappointed D.  surprised

【解析】选D。小树的成长和小男孩的心理预期相反,  所以他感到惊讶,  故选surprised。amused愉悦的,  感到有趣的;  frightened恐惧的;  disappointed失望的;  surprised感到惊讶的。

7.  A.  roots B.  branches

C.  leaves D.  seeds

【解析】选C。根据“Compared with those of his brothers and sisters,  his appeared greener.  ”可知,  与他的哥哥姐姐的树相比,  他的树看起来更绿,  故可知,  树长出树叶,  因此变绿了。

8.  A.  opinion B.  balance

C.  agreement D.  word

【解析】选D。keep one’s word “信守诺言”,  和前文父亲promised相呼应。

9.  A.  teacher B.  gardener

C.  botanist  D.  president

【解析】选C。根据文章倒数第二段中“The boy didn’t become a botanist.  ”可知,  父亲说小男孩会成为植物学家。botanist植物学家。

10.  A.  satisfied B.  upset

C.  independent  D.  optimistic

【解析】选D。第一段中说小男孩不与同学交往,  也不回答问题,  表明他悲观、不开朗、不自信。 种树事件是他第一次有好运气,  第一次成功,  无疑对他起到积极的作用,  此前精神低落的状态逐渐改变。另外结合confident一词,  应选optimistic。satisfied满意的;  upset沮丧的;  independent独立的;  optimistic乐观的。

11.  A.  hardly B.  generally

C.  recently  D.  probably

【解析】选B。根据“once said”和后句“Why not go to see the tree? ”可知,  小男孩回想起来生物老师说过植物一般在晚间生长(此为常识),  故选generally。

12.  A.  doubted B.  admitted

C.  wondered D.  understood

【解析】选D。看到眼前的景象,  小男孩立刻明白了,  是父亲在暗中帮助他给树浇水。

13.  A.  cutting B.  watering

C.  decorating D.  fertilizing

【解析】选B。根据上文内容,  可知这里的意思是他的父亲一直在悄悄给小树浇水。

14.  A.  lawyer B.  doctor

C.  president  D.  teacher

【解析】选C。根据“His name was Franklin Roosevelt.  ”可知,  他成了美国总统。

15.  A.  Love B.  Water

C.  Disability  D.  Father

【解析】选A。小男孩和小树的共同点是都得到了关爱。