2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters课堂检测

这是一份2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters课堂检测，共12页。

( )1.Up t nw, mre than seven millin peple ________ by the drught.
A．are affectedB．are affecting
C．have affectedD．have been affected
( )2.He was s ________ in his wrk that he didn’t ntice that it was already midnight.
A．devtedB．buried
C．ccupiedD．addicted
( )3.The fire lasted nearly tw days, ________ nearly nthing valuable.
A．leftB．t leave
C．leavingD．having left
( )4.The yung man ________ his new car when an accident happened.
A．is drivingB．drve
C．had drivenD．was driving
( )5.At this pint, it suddenly ________ me that I was wasting my time.
A．ccurredB．struck
C．happenedD．thught
( )6.It is said that the new timetable will ________ tmrrw.
A．cme int effectB．have an effect n
C．in effectD．bring int effect
( )7.When the girl studied in England, she lived with a hst family ________ members always helped her.
A．whB．what
C．whseD．that
( )8.My father is the first persn t ________ I will turn fr help when I meet difficulties.
A．whB．whm
C．whichD．that
( )9.The kind cuple treated the girl as if she ________ their wn daughter.
A．wereB．has been
C．had beenD．is
( )10.________ he went, he was warmly welcmed by lcal peple.
A．SmewhereB．Nwhere
C．AnywhereD．Everywhere
【答案】1－5 DBCDB 6－10 ACBAD
第二部分 阅读(20分)
A
(2019浙江省诸暨中学高一上学期期中)
Suddenly anther thught went thrugh Kate’s mind like an electric shck.An express train was due t g past abut thirty minutes later.If it were nt stpped, that lng train, full f passengers, wuld fall int the stream.“Smene must g t the statin and warn the statin-master，” Kate thught.But wh was t g? She wuld have t g herself.There was n ne else.
In wind and rain she started n her difficult way.Sn she was at the bridge that crssed the Des Mines River, a bridge als built f wd, just like the bridge acrss Hney Creek.The strm had nt washed this away, but there was n ftpath acrss it.She wuld have t crss it by stepping frm sleeper(枕木)t sleeper.With great care she began the dangerus crssing, smetimes n her hands and knees, hardly daring t lk dwn between the sleepers int the wild fld waters belw.If she shuld slip, she wuld fall between the sleepers, int the rapidly flwing stream.
At last－she never knew hw lng it had taken her－she felt slid grund under her feet.But there was n time t rest.She still had t run mre than half a mile and had nly a few minutes left.Unless she reached the statin befre the express did, many lives wuld be lst.
She did reach the statin just as the train came int sight.Frtunately the statin-master was standing utside.“The bridge is dwn! Stp the train! Oh, please stp it！” Kate shuted breathlessly.
The statin-master went pale.He rushed int the statin building and came back with a signal light.He waved the red light as the train came int the statin.It was nt a secnd t early.
( )11.What did Kate decide t d?
A．Stp the express train.
B．Check the signal light.
C．Meet the passengers.
D．Visit the statin-master.
( )12.Which f the fllwing wrds best describes Kate’s jurney?
A．Fruitless.B．Well-planned.
C．Pleasant.D．Risky.
( )13.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．The statin-master was unhealthy.
B．Kate’s effrts paid ff.
C．The train arrived later than usual.
D．The train failed t stp.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Kate冒险去火车站向站长报告桥坏了，阻止了火车前行，避免了一场灾难。
11．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“She wuld have t g herself. There was n ne else. ”可知，Kate决定自己去阻止特快列车。
12．D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“With great care she began the dangerus crssing, smetimes n her hands and knees, hardly daring t lk dwn between the sleepers int the wild fld waters belw. If she shuld slip, she wuld fall between the sleepers, int the rapidly flwing stream. ”可知，她小心翼翼地开始危险穿行，有时用手和膝盖，如果她滑倒，可能从枕木之间掉到湍急的小溪里。由此可知她的举动是冒险的。
13．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He waved the red light as the train came int the statin. It was nt a secnd t early.” 可知，当火车进站时，他挥了挥手中的红灯。故可以推断出，他们成功地阻止了火车，故Kate的努力产生作用了。
B
Earthquakes usually happen n the edges f large sectins f the Earth’s plates.These plates slwly mve ver a lng perid f time.Smetimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep mving.Pressure slwly starts t build up where the edges are stuck and, nce the pressure gets strng enugh, the plates will suddenly mve causing an earthquake.
Generally befre and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes.The nes that happen befre are called freshcks.The nes that happen after are called aftershcks.Scientists dn’t really knw if an earthquake is a freshck until the bigger earthquake ccurs.
Scientists use seismic waves(地震波) t measure hw big an earthquake is.They use a device called a seismgraph (地震仪)t measure the size f the waves.The size f the waves is called the magnitude.
T tell the strength f an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Mment Magnitude Scale r MMS.Yu usually wn’t even ntice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3.0 n the MMS scale.Here are sme examples f what may happen depending n the scale：
4.0－Culd shake yur huse as if a large truck were passing clse by.Sme peple may nt ntice.
5.0－If yu are in a car, it may shake.Glasses and dishes may rattle.Windws may break.
6.0－Items will fall ff shelves.Walls in sme huses may crack and windws break.Pretty much everyne near the centre will feel this ne.
7.0－Weaker buildings will cllapse and cracks will ccur in bridges and n the street.
8.0－Many buildings and bridges fall dwn.Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up—Whle cities flattened and large-scale damage.
( )14.If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit yur area, what might happen?
A．Yur huse might shake vilently.
B．Peple might feel n shaking at all.
C．The family pht may fall ff the wall.
D．There might be cracks everywhere n the street.
( )15.What des the authr mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A．It’s still hard t tell freshcks frm main earthquakes.
B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength f an earthquake.
C．Peple may ignre freshcks when an earthquake is nt s strng.
D．The earthquake wn’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS.
( )16.The writer explains the cncepts cncerning the earthquake by______.
A．listing examples
B．giving explanatins
C．making cmparisns
D．ffering data
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。
14．C 推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中“5.0—If yu are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windws may break(如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎)．”可知，C项(如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震，全家福可能会从墙上掉下来)有可能发生。
15．A 句义猜测题。根据上文“Generally befre and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The nes that happen befre are called freshcks. The nes that happen after are called aftershcks.” 可知，一般来说，大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震，之后发生的称为余震。可推知直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知画线句子意思为“前震和主震仍然很难区分”。
16．B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“These plates slwly mve ver a lng perid f time. Smetimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep mving. Pressure slwly starts t build up where the edges are stuck and, nce the pressure gets strng enugh, the plates will suddenly mve causing an earthquake(这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边缘会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震)．”主要为解释地震产生的原因，可知作者是通过解释原因的论证方式来解释有关地震的概念。
C
In a natural disaster: a hurricane, fld, vlcanic eruptin, r ther catastrphes.Minutes and even secnds f warning can make the difference between life and death.Because f this, scientists are wrking t use the latest technlgical advances t predict when and where disasters will happen.They are als studying hw best t analyze and cmmunicate this infrmatin nce it is btained.
On September 29,1998, Hurricane Gerges made landfall in Bilxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dminican Republic, Puert Ric, and several islands f the Caribbean badly with heavy rains and winds up t 160 km per hur.Few peple lst their lives alng the Gulf Cast f the United States, althugh hundreds died in the Caribbean.This was a very different result, when a pwerful Gulf Cast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit n Galvestn, Texas, killing at least 6,000 peple.Vastly imprved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end f the 20th century—residents f Galvestn had n advance warning that a strm was appraching, while residents f Bilxi had been warned days in advance, allwing fr extensive safety precautins (预防)．
At the same time that peple in Bilxi were thankful fr the advance warning, sme residents f New Orleans, Luisiana were less satisfied.A day befre Gerges made landfall, frecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a gd chance f striking New Orleans.Emergency management fficials must begin evacuatins (疏散) well befre a strm strikes.But evacuatin csts mney.The mayr f New Orleans estimated that his city’s preparatins fr Gerges cst mre than 50 millin.After Gerges missed New Orleans, sme residents questined the value f the hurricane frecasts in the face f such high csts.
The different views n the early warnings fr Hurricane Gerges shw sme f the cmplexities (复杂) related t predicting disasters.Disaster predictin is a prcess f prviding scientific infrmatin t the gvernment fficials and ther decisin makers wh must respnd t thse predictins.
( )17.What is the purpse f disaster predictin accrding t the passage?
A．T find ut the cause f disasters.
B．T save peple lives and reduce damage.
C．T prevent natural disasters happening.
D．T apply advanced technlgy t disaster predictin.
( )18.Which f the fllwing areas suffered the mst severe damage?
A．Puert Ric.
B．New Orleans.
C．Bilxi, Mississippi.
D．Galvestn, Texas.
( )19.The city residents f New Orleans were unsatisfied because ______.
A．their preparatins were made in vain
B．the hurricane warning arrived rather late
C．the frecast hurricane did nt hit the city
D．they suffered frm a heavy hurricane attack
( )20.What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．The different ways f disaster predictin.
B．Technlgical advances in disaster predictin.
C．The benefits and preparatins f disaster predictin.
D．The imprtance and uncertainty f disaster predictin.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，但目前预测技术还有局限。
17．B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，灾难预测的目的是为了挽救人民的生命和减少财产损失。故选B。
18．D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，加尔维斯敦，德克萨斯遭受了最严重的破坏。故选D。
19．A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，新奥尔良的城市居民不满意是因为飓风Gerges并没有光临新奥尔良，而他们却花了巨资预防和疏散。故选A。
20．D 主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，尽管它是为了挽救人民的生命财产，但目前预报技术还有局限。故选D。
第三部分 完形填空(15分)
(2020山东省潍坊市高一上学期阶段考)
LAnna and Kris’ kids were playing utside n a sunny Saturday.Suddenly LAnna heard a huge sund. She __21__utside t see a wide mud, sand, and rck thundering dwn the hill.She phned Kris __22__and Kris sped back hme.But traffic had cme t a __23__.Kris had t run.
Suddenly, he heard a wman screaming fr help.As he __24__the sund thrugh mud, he nly saw an arm reaching up, hlding a by.Kris kept her talking while __25__the wd, metal trapping the mther and child.Finally, he was able t __26__the baby.By this time, ther citizens had made it t the site.With thers taking the __27__in rescuing the wman, Kris cntinued his way hme.
Sn, he heard a(n) __28__man(呻吟) frm the ruins again.The man buried was abut twice Kris’ weight and, __29__, he’d have t wait fr mre help.Hearing a helicpter abve, Kris climbed up n the rf, and led a rescuer t the trapped man. Once the rest f the helicpter crew arrived, Kris left t find his __30__.Hurs later, Kris reached hme.His truck was gne, and s were LAnna and the thers.He __31__cars and huses nearby t find ther survivrs and then walked back t the rescue team.Nt lng after he arrived, his truck came int __32__.LAnna pulled ver and ran t him.He hugged her tightly and spke __33__, “Let’s g hme.”
Over the next several weeks, 43 bdies were __34__. Just nine survivrs were luckily pulled frm the mud, all f them n that day.Kris was __35__by the Red Crss fr his heric deeds.
( )B．wandered
C．jumpedD．brke
( )B．accidentally
C．cautiuslyD．deliberately
( ) B．stp
C．cnclusinD．pint
( )B．appreciated
C．analyzedD．fllwed
( ) asideB．taking ff
C．pulling awayD．giving ut
( ) B．free
C．cmfrtD．treat
( ) B．advantage
C．pprtunityD．risk
( )B．awkward
C．annyingD．painful
( )B．therefre
C．mreverD．anyway
( )B．shelter
C．familyD．belngings
( )B．checked
C．mvedD．repaired
( ) B．sight
C．existenceD．play
( ) peace B．n purpse
C．by chanceD．with relief
( )B．delivered
C．recveredD．cured
( )B．emplyed
C．prmtedD．greeted
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Kris在灾难发生后赶往家里的途中救助了很多人，在发现家人不在的情况下自己还加入营救队去救更多的幸存者。他的英雄事迹被红十字会赞扬。
21．A 根据“LAnna and Kris’ kids were playing utside n a sunny Saturday. Suddenly LAnna heard a huge sund.”可知，LAnna的孩子们在外面玩，当她听到巨响，她害怕孩子们有危险发生，于是赶紧冲出去(rushed)查看。wandered徘徊；jumped 蹦跳；brke打碎。
22．A 根据“and Kris sped back hme ”可知，她马上(immediately)给丈夫打电话。accidentally偶然；cautiusly谨慎地；deliberately 故意地。
23．B 根据“Kris had t run.” 可知，发生灾难后，交通瘫痪(cme t a stp)，丈夫不得不跑回家。
24．D 根据第二段“Suddenly, he heard a wman screaming fr help. As he __24__the sund thrugh mud, he nly saw an arm reaching up”可知，他听到一名女士的求助声，他寻着(fllwed)声音走去只看到举着男孩的一双手。recrded记录；appreciated感激；analyzed分析。
25．C 根据空后的“the wd, metal trapping the mther and child”可知，Kris边与她说话边把困住他们的木头、石块拽到一边(pulling away)。setting aside 留出，驳回；taking ff 起飞；giving ut分发。
26．B 根据空前的“metal trapping the mther and child”可知，金属困住了妈妈和孩子，最终Kris使孩子自由了。feed 喂养；free使……自由；cmfrt 安慰；treat治疗。
27．A 根据“With thers taking the __27__in rescuing the wman, Kris cntinued his way hme. 可知，有其他人带头来营救那个女士，Kris就继续往家里赶去。take the lead 带头。
28．D 根据“man(呻吟)frm the ruins again”可知，灾难发生后从废墟里当然传出的是痛苦的(painful)呻吟声。frightening可怕的；awkward 尴尬的；annying讨厌的。
29．B 根据“The man buried was abut twice Kris’ weight and, __29__, he’d have t wait fr mre help.” 可知，被困住的男子比Kris重一倍胖，Kris一个人救不了，因此(therefre)他不得不等待更多的帮助。hwever 然而；mrever 而且；anyway 不管怎样。
30．C 根据第二段中的“With thers taking the __27__in rescuing the wman, Kris cntinued his way hme. ”可知，Kris正在赶往自己的家寻找家人(family)。partners 伙伴；shelter 避难所；belngings所属物。
31．B 他查看(checked)汽车、房屋，看看是否有幸存者。replaced 代替；mved移动；repaired修理。
32．B 根据“his truck came int __32__. LAnna pulled ver and ran t him” 可知，他的妻子开着卡车出现。cme int sight 出现。
33．D 根据前面的“LAnna pulled ver and ran t him. He hugged her tightly”可知，终于看到妻子安然无恙，他如释重负(with relief)。in peace 和平地；n purpse故意地；by chance偶然地。
34．C 根据“Over the next several weeks, 43 bdies were __34__.”可知，有43具尸体被发现(即找到)(recvered)。received 收到；delivered 运送；cured 治愈。
35．A Kris因为自己的英雄事迹被红十字会认可(recgnized)。emplyed 雇用；prmted 提升；greeted 问候。
第四部分 语法填空(15分)
The pwerful Hurricane Barry weakened but remained a weather nightmare n Tuesday.It 36.________ (strike) parts f Arkansas with at least six inches f rain and caused flash flding that drwned 37.________animal shelter and killed a puppy.
Heavy rains were falling.The Humane Sciety f Clark Cunty issued an SOS after flding drwned its recently rebuilt shelter.“SOS！We are flded.It’s n the 38.________(build)! ”the fficial said in a Facebk pst.“We need help! Can any f yu keep a dg 39.________tw at yur huses? Help！Help！Help！” Vide frm the scene shwed wet dgs wandering lse in the shelter, the flr cvered in water.Many ffered their hmes and yards 40.________the animals.A shrt time 41.________(late), the fficial psted an update n Facebk 42.________(say) fster hmes (寄养家庭)have been fund fr all 72 dgs.“We are s blessed! Peple frm all ver have cme t 43.________ (we)’s really 44.________ (impress)．”the pst said.After the rainfall, a ray f sunshine shne brightly in the states 45.________ the strm burst last week.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记述文。飓风袭击了阿肯色州，洪水淹没了当地的动物庇护所，各地的人们得知后纷纷踊跃捐款并自愿成为寄养家庭。
36．struck 考査时态。根据上下文语境可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，因此要用一般过去时。
37．an 考查冠词。“animal shelter”是单数可数名词。根据语境可知此处表示“一处，一个”，且 animal以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。
38．building 考查名词。此处表示“建筑物”，故用build的名词形式。
39．r 考查连词。此处表示“在你们家里养一到两只狗”，因此要用连词r，表示“或者”。
40．t 考査介词。此处表示“许多人把他们的家和院子提供给了动物”。 ffer sth.t sb.意为“给某人提供某物”。
41．later 考查副词。此处表示“一小段时间以后”，因此填 later，表示“以后”。
42．saying 考查非谓语动词。通过分析可知这里用非谓语动词作定语，修饰“an update”，它与say之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词形式。
43．ur 考查代词。句意：我们真幸运！各地的人都来救我们了。根据后面的名词 rescue可知，这里要用形容词性物主代词。
44．impressive 考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，表示“印象深刻的”。
45．where 考查定语从句。此为限制性定语从句，先行词是“the states”，且从句缺少状语，因此要用关系副词 where来引导。
第五部分 写作(40分)
第一节 单词拼写(5题，共5分)
46．A landslide is a kind f ________(灾害) which means a terrible large amunt f earth and rcks falling dwn a cliff r the side f a muntain.
47．________(干旱) is the direct cause f reductin in crp prductin this year.
48．Peple with rich ________(智慧) can make sensible decisins and give gd advice based n their experience and knwledge.
49．Yu’d better place yur phne within yur reach in case f an ________(紧急情况)．
50．Withut ________(电) human life wuld be quite different tday.
【答案】46.disaster 47.Drught 48.wisdm
49．emergency 50.electricity
第二节 完成句子(15分)
51．The pandemic has ________ ______ ur daily lives.
疫情极大地影响了我们的日常生活。
52．The rescue team ______ ______ ______ lk fr the victims.
救援队努力搜救遇难者。
53．We need t ______ ______ ______ details.
我们需要注意细节。
54．They ______ ______ ______ ______ questins.
他们轮流问问题。
55．______ ______ ______ electric cars n the rad is increasing.
路上的电动汽车数量在增加。
【答案】51.greatly affected 52.made effrts t
53．pay attentin t 54.take turns t ask
55．The number f
第三节 书面表达(1题，共20分)
假设你是北京市某中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对北京市遭沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社写一封信，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。
1．过去家乡树木成林：如今人们毁林种地建房；
2．气候变化，土地沙漠化；
3．植树造林，人人有责。
注意：
1．词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editr，
I’m a student at a middle schl f Beijing._____________________________________ ________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
Dear_Editr，
I’m a student at a middle schl f Beijing. I’m writing t express my great cncern fr the envirnment in my hmetwn. My hmetwn used t be a beautiful place. Thick frests and green grass culd be seen everywhere. Hwever, in rder t build huses and grw mre crps, peple there cut dwn many trees. As time went by, the frests were seriusly destryed. Besides, because f climate changes it rains little nw. As a result, sandstrms ccur frequently, frm which peple suffer a lt. T prevent the prcess f desertificatin, I hpe all the peple can take gd care f the frests and plant mre trees. Then ur living cnditins will be imprved little by little.
I’m lking frward t hearing frm yu.
Yurs，
Li_Hua