高考英语一轮总复习专题练习22 Unit 1 science and scientists 新人教版选择性必修第二册

这是一份高考英语一轮总复习专题练习22 Unit 1 science and scientists 新人教版选择性必修第二册，共8页。试卷主要包含了C__，A__，B__，067公顷)的新纪录等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
(2022·湖北省八市联考)
Mst Chinese knw the stry f the mythlgical Chang’e，the Chinese gddess f the mn. It’s a stry abut a wman wh takes an immrtality pill and flies t the mn. It is tld every year during China’s Mid-Autumn Festival, s peple can’t hear the wrd “Change” withut thinking f rmantic images f a mn gddess.
Fr this reasn, China’s missin t the mn was calling ut fr a strng female figure. Therefre, pictures f a 24-year-ld female space cmmander have gne viral n Chinese scial media fr her wrk n the Chang’e-5 lunar explratin prgram with cmments abut hw she is a “frntline sldier in the field f aerspace” that yung Chinese can lk up t.
Ms. Zhu, a 24-year-ld lady f Tujia ethnic grup, is China’s yungest ever space cmmander. She was invlved in the successful launch f the Chang’e-5 lunar prbe n 24 Nvember, in charge f the rcket cnnectr system, described as a key rle.
In Wenchang space launch site, thugh she is nly 1.58 meters and lks “mini”， she is called “big sister” fr her pwerful “cre and energy”．Since senir high, she has dreamed f being a member f a space research team. With her great effrts, she was admitted t an aircraft system and engineering majr f a dmestic university in 2014, making her aerspace dream cme true. T grw int a cmmander, in tw and a half years, she changed five psitins t be familiar with multiple psts and types f wrk, each f which takes great curage and is full f challenges. In a wrking space with n air cnditining and narrw space t accmmdate nly three peple, she wrked fr 60 days until the cmpletin f the “Lng March 5 rcket ges arund” battle.
Her stry has received attentin frm Chinese state-run media as well as verseas media utlets. Hwever, it has nt appeared t have much f an effect n her. Accrding t the media, she declined repeated requests fr interviews as she des nt wish t let fame get in the way f her wrk.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了参与“嫦娥五号”探月工程、目前中国最年轻的女航天指挥员周承钰为实现航天梦想而不断努力的故事。
1．Why des the writer mentin the myth f Chang’e at the beginning f the passage？__A__
A．T intrduce the tpic.B．T give an example.
C．T tell a rmantic stry.D．T spread Chinese culture.
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了嫦娥奔月的神话故事；第二段首句“Fr this reasn, China’s missin t the mn was calling ut fr a strng female figure.”引出文章中心思想：参与中国“嫦娥五号”探月工程的女航天指挥员为实现航空梦而努力的故事。由此可知，文章第一段提到嫦娥奔月的神话是为了引出话题。故选A。
2．What makes peple think f Ms. Zhu as a pineer fr the yuth in aerspace？__D__
A．Her yuth and beauty.
B．Her pictures n the media.
C．Her identity f Tujia ethnic grup.
D．Her perfrmance in the mn-landing prgram.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“fr her wrk n the Chang’e-5 lunar explratin prgram with cmments abut hw she is a ’frntline sldier in the field f aerspace’ that yung Chinese can lk up t”可知，周女士在登月计划中的优异表现让人们认为她是年轻人在航天领域的先锋。故选D。
3．Why did Ms. Zhu reject the media’s invitatin t interviews？__C__
A．Because she was t shy.
B．Because she was nt available.
C．Because she feared her fame might affect her career.
D．Because she cnsidered fame nthing but a burden.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Accrding t the media, she declined repeated requests fr interviews as she des nt wish t let fame get in the way f her wrk.”可知，周女士拒绝媒体采访是因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作。故选C。
4．What can we learn frm Ms. Zhu’s stry？__A__
A．Attitude is altitude.
B．The early bird catches the wrms.
C．Many hands make light wrk.
D．Diligence makes up fr inability.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中的“T grw int a cmmander, in tw and a half years, she changed five psitins t be familiar with multiple psts and types f wrk, each f which takes great curage and is full f challenges.”可知，周女士为了实现自己的航天梦，付出了很大的决心和努力。A项(态度决定高度。)符合文章主旨。故选A。
B
(2021·烟台市高考诊断性测试)
Every year, the brightest yung scientists frm arund the glbe cme tgether t participate in the wrld’s largest pre-cllege science cmpetitin，the Intel Internatinal Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF)．They demnstrate their knwledge f science and engineering t imprve the way we wrk and live.
One f 2019’s winners Katie Lu, fund a methd fr remving il frm water.This cncept can als be applied t the remval f micrplastics frm ur ceans as well.
Here is what Katie tld reprters：
My experience at the Intel ISEF was amazing! I remember the judging day，walking the exhibit hall and lking at the peple gathered utside waiting t get in.My teacher turned t me and said，“That’s the future right there.”It was s amazing t spend time with all f these participants wh are ging t d amazing things in the future.
My scientific career has taught me nt t fear failure and nt t be afraid t ask fr help.It’s really easy t be verwhelmed (击败)and wnder if what yu’re ding is ging t wrk ut but even if it desn’t wrk ut, it’s OK! Always lk n the psitive side! A failure nw desn’t mean yu’re a failure frever. Failure makes success feel earned when it cmes. Als，asking fr help is gd when yu’re struggling. Yu learn hw t d things a lt faster and mre efficiently.
I’m shcked that sme peple are still skeptical abut climate change.It is real, it is dangerus and it is ne f the mst imprtant issues f ur generatin.Reducing carbn emissins isn’t a “shuld”； it is a “must” t cntinue living n the planet. Additinally, peple aren’t really wrried abut their persnal impact n the earth in terms f littering, verusing plastic r wasting resurces.If we dn’t curb harmful human activity befre it’s t late，it will be a prblem that affects all humans, nt just thse that cntribute.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛2019年的获奖者Katie Lu对于这次参赛经历的回忆及体会。
5．What seems t cncern Katie mst？__C__
A．Ocean explratin.B．The verppulatin n the earth.
C．Envirnmental prblems.D．The shrtage f natural energy.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This well.”以及最后一段中的“I’m shcked that sme peple are still skeptical abut climate change.”可推知，Katie最关注的是环境问题。故选C。
6．What can we learn frm what Katie’s teacher said？__C__
A．N Intel ISEF，n future.
B．All the talents are at the Intel ISEF.
C．The participants will make the future.
D．Katie shuld try t d better than the ther participants.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中老师的话“That’s the future right there.”可知，老师认为这些优秀的参赛者都是未来的希望，能创造未来。故选C。
7．What des Paragraph 5 mainly tell us？__D__
A．The setbacks Katie experienced in her science.
B．The relatinship between failure and success.
C．Seeking help is a shrtcut t ding things well.
D．What Katie has gained frm her scientific career.
解析：段落大意题。第五段首句“My scientific career has taught me ”是该段的主题句。这一段表明了Katie在科学生涯中获得的积极向上、迎难而上的态度。故选D。
8．What des the underlined wrd “curb” in the last paragraph mst prbably mean？__B__
A．Punish. B．Cntrl.
C．Deny. D．Measure.
解析：词义猜测题。根据“peple aren’t ”可知，人类的行为活动对地球造成了不好的影响。由此可推知，画线词应是“控制，抑制”的意思。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·济南五校联考)
Wanda Austin, an internatinally celebrated engineer and aerspace industry(航空航天工业) leader, has been a part f the STEM (Science, Technlgy, Engineering, and Mathematics) industry since her earliest prfessinal days wrking at Rckwell Internatinal.
__1.E__. Raised in a lw-incme neighbrhd in the Brnx, Dr. Austin always favred math in schl abve all else; she fund cmfrt in the fact that math’s answers culdn’t be argued. __2.D__. It wasn’t until she started wrking as an engineering tutr when receiving the higher educatin that she realized what she really wanted t be ccupied in：STEM.
Austin began wrking at Aerspace as ne f the few female engineers, a trend that hasn’t changed much between her start at the cmpany in 1982 and nw. __3.C__. The success in the GPS satellite Air Frce cmmunicatins and the Pentagn’s glbal netwrk f strategic cmmunicatins, all led t her eventual prmtin t CEO and President f Aerspace.
__4.A__. Her mst recent cmmitment is t mtivate the next generatin f learners t study STEM disciplines, as she hpes t serve as a rle mdel fr yung wmen and minrities lking t g dwn similar paths. And she’s started prgrams t strengthen STEM learning fr everyne.
Austin’s advice fr aspiring engineers is arund smething yu might nt expect. __5.B__. T her, it is just as imprtant t study as it is t be able t talk abut the impact f the STEM wrk t thse utside f the disciplines.
A．Dr. Austin pays great attentin t the educatin
B．She highlights the virtue f strng cmmunicatin
C．Still, she achieved a series f impressive perfrmances
D．The passin drve her undergraduate and graduate studies
E．Her lve fr STEM began lng befre the start f her career
F．Dr. Austin is never ne t shy away frm a difficult challenge
G．Maybe her initiatives will be enugh t inspire the next generatin f STEM leaders
语篇解读：本文是记叙文，主题是“人与社会”。文章介绍了国际知名的工程师和航空航天工业方面的领袖人物Wanda Austin的学习经历、所取得的成就等。
解析：
1．空前一段提到了Austin在STEM方面的成就，空后讲述在从事专业领域前，她与STEM的渊源，故E项“Her lve fr STEM began lng befre the start f her career”承接上下文，符合语境。故选E。
2．空前提到“Dr. Austin always favred math in schl abve all else；she fund cmfrt in the fact that math’s answers culdn’t be argued.”，D项是这一内容的顺承，符合语境，且D选项中的“undergraduate and graduate studies”与空后的“the higher educatin”呼应。故选D。
3．由后一句可知，此处叙述Dr.Austin在公司中工作出色，取得了一系列成就，与空前一句谈到的“Austin是公司为数不多的几个女性工程师之一”形成轻微的转折关系，故C项符合语境。故选C。
4．根据本段中的“Her mst recent cmmitment is t mtivate the next generatin f learners t study STEM disciplines... g dwn similar paths.”“strengthen STEM learning fr everyne.”可知，本段强调Dr.Austin为教育付出了很多，A项能概括段落内容。故选A。
5．根据空后的“it is just imprtant t abut the impact f the STEM wrk t thse utside f the disciplines.”可知，Dr.Austin认为学习知识和沟通一样重要，所以她也很重视沟通，B项符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022·广东省梅县东山中学高三上学期期中考试)
Chinese scientists have achieved a recrd rice yield f almst 23 metric tns per hectare frm an __1.experimental__ (experiment) field f hybrid rice in Hunan Prvince.
On Tuesday, Yuan Lngping, a scientist at the Chinese Academy f Sciences __2.wh__leads the natin’s research in hybrid rice, prudly annunced a recrd prductin f 1,500 kilgrams per mu (0.067 hectares)．__3.Cmpared__(cmpare) with ther high-yield hybrid varieties in the market, the average yield fr the third-generatin strain is 10 t 20 percent higher, The 90-year-ld scientist was rejicing like a child while making the annuncement at a news cnference, saying “I am mre than excited and __4.extremely__ (extreme) satisfied with the results. The results are f __5.significance__ (significant) t nt nly China, but the entire wrld. Yuan’s achievement is a majr cntributin t __6.the__glbal fight against hunger.
Fr China, mre rice prductin means greater fd security. The achievement wuld nt have been pssible __7.withut__Yuan and his team. Since the 1960s, Yuan, then a fresh university graduate, has devted himself whlly t research n hybrid rice. In the last 60 years, he __8.has_taught__(teach) generatins f students.
Yuan said he still has a clear mind and hpes t wrk __9.until__he turns 100. There are lts f scientists like Yuan in every field，__10._s__China is t enjy its lng-term prsperity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平对全球抗击饥饿做出的重大贡献。
1．考查形容词。句意：中国科学家在湖南省的一个杂交水稻试验田获得了每公顷近23吨的水稻产量。名词field前用形容词修饰。故填experimental。
2．考查定语从句。句意：周二，中国科学院的科学家袁隆平领导了国家杂交水稻研究，他自豪地宣布了亩产1 500公斤(0.067公顷)的新纪录。分析句子结构可知，本句先行词为a scientist，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词wh引导定语从句。故填wh。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他市场高产杂交品种相比，第三代应变的平均收益率高出10～20%。cmpare与其逻辑主语the average yield fr the third-generatin strain之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Cmpared。
4．考查副词。句意：我非常兴奋，对结果非常满意。形容词satisfied前用副词修饰。故填extremely。
5．考查名词。句意：这些成果不仅对中国具有重要意义，而且对整个世界都具有重要意义。固定结构be f＋抽象名词，相当于be＋形容词。故填significance。
6．考查冠词。句意：袁隆平的成就对全球抗击饥饿做出了重大贡献。名词glbal fight against hunger是特指具体事件，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
7．考查介词。句意：没有袁隆平和他的团队，这一成就是不可能的。分析句意可知，这里是“没有”的意思。故填withut。
8．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的60年里，他教过几代学生。根据时间状语In the last 60 years，可知要用现在完成时。故填has taught。
9．考查连词。句意：袁隆平说，他仍然头脑清醒，希望工作到100岁。分析句意可知，这里是“直到”的意思。故填until。
10．考查连词。句意：在各个领域都有很多像袁隆平这样的科学家，所以中国将享有长期的繁荣。本句前半句是解释原因，后半句中国繁荣是结果，所以用连词s。故填s。
Ⅳ.应用文写作
(2021·重庆市第八中学高三下新高考“二诊”)
假如你是李华。你们学校正在进行科技节的活动，你所在的学生会组织了一场介绍屠呦呦以及她的成就的讲座。请根据以下内容，用英文写一则通知，邀请感兴趣的学生来参加讲座。
1．通知的目的；
2．讲座的主题以及举办时间及地点；
3．简要介绍屠呦呦及她的成就：
(1)1930年出生于浙江省宁波市；1951年考入北京大学医学部药学系；
(2)1955年毕业于北京大学医学部药学系；
(3)2015年10月，因发现青蒿素这一治疗疟疾的新药物而获诺贝尔医学奖。屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的中国科学家。
4．邀请感兴趣的同学来参加讲座。
参考词汇：北京大学医学部药学系Peking University Health Science Center；青蒿素artemisinin；疟疾malaria；诺贝尔医学奖Nbel Prize in Medicine
注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
Ntice
Dear students，
Attentin, please. _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all.
Thank yu.
Students’ Unin
参考范文：
Ntice
Dear_students，
Attentin,_please. In rder t braden students’ hrizn, the Students’ Unin will hld a lecture in the science festival, intrducing the great scientist Tu Yuyu as well as her achievements. The lecture will be given in the new-built gymnasium frm 9：00 a.m. t 11：00 a.m. n Mnday, September 24.
Brn in Ningb, Zhejiang Prvince in 1930, Tu Yuyu was admitted int Peking University Health Science Center in 1951，and she graduated in 1955. Tgether with her clleagues, Tu fund artemisinin, an effective cure fr malaria. Due t making such a great cntributin t the wrld, she was awarded with the 2015 Nbel Prize in Medicine, becming the first Chinese scientist wh gt the prize.
Anyne wh is interested in knwing mre abut the great scientist is welcme t attend the lecture.
That’s_all.
Thank_yu.
Students’_Unin