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2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断题课件
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这是一份2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断题课件，文件包含2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断题课件pptx、2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断题doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1．It can be inferred/cncluded frm the text that ________.2．What can we infer/learn ．We can learn frm the passage that ________.4．The that ________.
第一步：定位关键细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，即推理的依据；第二步：正确理解推断——对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语境，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【特别提醒】 (1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为推理的结论。(2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。
(2021·全国乙卷B) Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member.That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne(using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it)．
Hw attached are yu t yur landline？Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?A．It remains a family necessity.B．It will fall ut f use sme day.C．It may increase daily expenses.D．It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【解题示范】 第一步：确定题干中的关键信息：infer, the last paragraph。第二步：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，再进行推理判断：Hw attached are yu t yur landline？Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries？(你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)，可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B。
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：
1．What’s the writer’s attitude ．What is the authr’s pinin ．What des the authr think/feel
1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切忌用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。
2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favrable赞同的，有利的；psitive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supprtive支持的；apprval赞成，正式批准；reasnable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。
(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapprval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。(3)表示中立、客观的态度bjective 客观的；neutral 中立的； indifferent 漠然的。
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse，” says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”And what des Nick think？“Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it？Yes, I think I wuld.”
What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in-law?A．Psitive. B．Carefree.C．Tlerant. D．Unwilling.
【解题示范】 第一步：根据题干确定题型，由题干可知本题是考查观点态度。第二步：甄别选项细研干扰项，B项脱离原文而进行主观臆断，C、D两项用自己的观点代替作者的观点。第三步：确定答案，定位到原文，寻找相关信息：“Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it？Yes, I think I wuld.”可知正确选项为A。
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问形式常有：
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in rder t ________.(2)The purpse f the text is t ________.(3)What is the main purpse f the passage?(4)The writer f the stry wants/intends t tell us that ________.2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer the first paragraph t ________.(2)The writer uses the example ________.(3)The authr writes the last paragraph in rder t ________.
通常可依据文体特点来推断作者写作意图：1．记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。2．应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。
3．说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。4．议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that.Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety.In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach.As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage.Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
What is the purpse f this text?A．T intrduce a bk.B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.C．T remember a writer.D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.分析，可知正确选项为A。
考点4 语篇出处或读者对象题
文章来源题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者针对的读者对象是什么人。设问形式常有：(1)This passage wuld prbably/mst likely be fund in ________.(2)The passage is prbably taken frm/ut f ________.(3)The passage is prbably intended fr ________.
1．利用内容判断文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品：advertisement(3)文章中有click here, dwnlad, uplad, link, muse, surf等网络标志语等网络用语：website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍：travel guide
(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍：magazine/jurnal/entertainment sectin(6)科普知识：science reprt(7)文化教育类文章：educatin sectin
2．利用内容判断文章类别(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement(3)活动介绍：ntice/annuncement(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science reprt/study reprt3．确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节内容判断读者对象。
(2019·全国卷ⅠC)As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces.At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置)that gets arund this prblem：a smart keybard.This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key.The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with.Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch”fur times using the smart keybard.Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates.The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts.The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1．It can be inferred/cncluded frm the text that ________.2．What can we infer/learn ．We can learn frm the passage that ________.4．The that ________.
第一步：定位关键细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，即推理的依据；第二步：正确理解推断——对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语境，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【特别提醒】 (1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为推理的结论。(2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。
(2021·全国乙卷B) Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member.That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne(using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it)．
Hw attached are yu t yur landline？Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?A．It remains a family necessity.B．It will fall ut f use sme day.C．It may increase daily expenses.D．It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【解题示范】 第一步：确定题干中的关键信息：infer, the last paragraph。第二步：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，再进行推理判断：Hw attached are yu t yur landline？Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries？(你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)，可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B。
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：
1．What’s the writer’s attitude ．What is the authr’s pinin ．What des the authr think/feel
1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切忌用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。
2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favrable赞同的，有利的；psitive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supprtive支持的；apprval赞成，正式批准；reasnable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。
(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapprval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。(3)表示中立、客观的态度bjective 客观的；neutral 中立的； indifferent 漠然的。
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse，” says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”And what des Nick think？“Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it？Yes, I think I wuld.”
What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in-law?A．Psitive. B．Carefree.C．Tlerant. D．Unwilling.
【解题示范】 第一步：根据题干确定题型，由题干可知本题是考查观点态度。第二步：甄别选项细研干扰项，B项脱离原文而进行主观臆断，C、D两项用自己的观点代替作者的观点。第三步：确定答案，定位到原文，寻找相关信息：“Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it？Yes, I think I wuld.”可知正确选项为A。
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问形式常有：
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in rder t ________.(2)The purpse f the text is t ________.(3)What is the main purpse f the passage?(4)The writer f the stry wants/intends t tell us that ________.2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer the first paragraph t ________.(2)The writer uses the example ________.(3)The authr writes the last paragraph in rder t ________.
通常可依据文体特点来推断作者写作意图：1．记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。2．应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。
3．说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。4．议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that.Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety.In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach.As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage.Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
What is the purpse f this text?A．T intrduce a bk.B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.C．T remember a writer.D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.分析，可知正确选项为A。
考点4 语篇出处或读者对象题
文章来源题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者针对的读者对象是什么人。设问形式常有：(1)This passage wuld prbably/mst likely be fund in ________.(2)The passage is prbably taken frm/ut f ________.(3)The passage is prbably intended fr ________.
1．利用内容判断文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品：advertisement(3)文章中有click here, dwnlad, uplad, link, muse, surf等网络标志语等网络用语：website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍：travel guide
(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍：magazine/jurnal/entertainment sectin(6)科普知识：science reprt(7)文化教育类文章：educatin sectin
2．利用内容判断文章类别(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement(3)活动介绍：ntice/annuncement(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science reprt/study reprt3．确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节内容判断读者对象。
(2019·全国卷ⅠC)As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces.At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置)that gets arund this prblem：a smart keybard.This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key.The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with.Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch”fur times using the smart keybard.Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates.The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts.The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
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