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2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第3讲 词句猜测题课件
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这是一份2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第3讲 词句猜测题课件，文件包含2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第3讲词句猜测题课件pptx、2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第3讲词句猜测题doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共47页， 欢迎下载使用。
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解文章中，常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲，但又没有附加注释，需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章。
词义猜测题是基本上每年必考的阅读理解题型。词义判断是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速判断所指定的某一个生词或短语含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。
词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)The underlined wrd “...” in clsest in meaning t ________.(2)What des the underlined wrd “...” prbably mean?(3)The underlined wrd “...” culd best be replaced by “________”．(4)Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “...”？(5)By saying “...”， the authr means ________.(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as ________.
1．根据定义、释义或同位语猜测词义(1)科技说明文等文章中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。(2)需要猜测的单词或短语后面有时会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。(3)文章下文中常以某种特定方式对前文进行解释，如利用r, that is (t say), in ther wrds, namely等词语。
(4)用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：Taylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn.One girl called 911．Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse，wh brught a defibrillatr，an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk.Luck stayed with them：Paris’s heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillatr后面出现了同位语“an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。
2．根据构词法猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或合成两个单词的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如：A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness，uneasiness，r wrry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
3．根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because，s，thus，therefre，as a result f，since，s that，等。例如：My sn culd nt fllw the teacher’s directins，he tld me，and thus，Scla was disrupting the class.Didn’t he knw my sn did nt speak English yet?
试题：What des the underlined wrd “disrupting” prbably mean?A．Breaking. B．Fllwing.C．Attending. D．Disturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课堂”。故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。
4．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，r，like，as well，similarly，t，als，either等。
例如：The fine selectin f the majr wrks was dne in clse cllabratin(合作) with the Muse Nacinal Reina Sfia in Madrid，Spain，and with cntributins frm ther institutins like the Salvadr Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Flrida.试题：What des the underlined wrd “cntributins” refer t?A．Artwrks. B．Prjects.C．Dnatins. D．Dcuments.
分析：画线单词cntributins前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了“the fine selectin f the majr wrks”(精选的重要作品)，后面说cntributins来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出cntributins应该属于wrks的范畴，同时文中明确表示cntributins是来自museum的。故选A项。
5．根据转折、对比或反义关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，hwever，while，unlike，instead (f)，n the ther hand，rather than，n the cntrary等。
例如：In the evening，rides are usually at a mre relaxed and unhurried pace，with glden light streaming acrss the grassy delta and the animals cming ut t eat and drink.Sedate thugh they are，rides at this time f day are still very impressive.试题：What des the underlined wrd “sedate” prbably mean?A．Wild and rmantic. B．Slw and peaceful.C．Hungry and thirsty. D．Active and excited.
分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们__________，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由thugh可知，前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“at a mre relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选B项，sedate意为“不慌不忙的”。
6．根据上下文进行推测有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：真题体验典例2中的25题。
一、(2020·全国Ⅱ卷C)When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind.But sme eclgists and fashin (时装)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠)．
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.“It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild.“The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种)．It’s destrying the envirnment.It’s them r us，” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana.He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it.Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
1．What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?A．Bmed. B．Became mature.C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.【解题示范】 第一步：迅速扫读文章，找出画线词在文章中的出处。
第二步：利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。根据第五段 “The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.”可知，皮毛交易使海狸鼠在数十年中得到控制，但是海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代后期崩溃了，这种和猫一样大的动物疯狂繁殖。从文章中but 可以体会到，in check 和multiplied 的意思相反，那么cllapse在这里就表示“崩溃，(价格、货币等)暴跌”的意思了，crash也有此意。故选D。
二、(2020·全国Ⅲ卷B)When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard.But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars.Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：“Thanks fr nt using real apes(猿)! ”
The creative team behind“Apes” used mtin-capture(动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image(图像)．In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule.In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately.One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year.Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants”，“The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper”， have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried；it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns.And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
25．What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A．Listing cmpletely. B．Directing prfessinally.C．Prmting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
【解题示范】 第一步：迅速扫读文章，找出画线短语在文章中的出处。第二步：从文本前后找出同义关系词进行选择确定答案。首先可以确定，画线短语是处在一个以非营利组织为主语的语言环境中，这个组织监控电影中对动物的处理方法，正在keeping tabs n今年的2,000多部作品，有很多电影激起了积极分子的怒火，因为在电影中对动物处理不当。由此可知，这个短语和前面的mnitrs是同等义的关系，是“密切关注”的意思。故选D。
判断替代词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it，ne，they，this，that，these，thse，which等)或代动词(d，des，did等)具体替代什么。
1．代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2．代动词d, des, did一般用来替代前文中出现的一个动词短语，以避免重复。
3．设问形式常有：(1)What des the underlined wrd “this/it/them/which...” refer t?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in t “________”．(3)What des the underlined wrd “d/des/did”in Paragraph... mean/refer t?
判定指代三步法第一步：确定代词在文中所指代的内容；弄清代词指代的是前文中的人、物还是一件事，要用单数还是复数。第二步：掌握代词的含义、用法；(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/ne/thse指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/wh等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步：替换核实再比较。(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题体验】中第21题。由标题My Favurite Bks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以J Usmar的口吻进行写作的。故C选项正确。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷C)In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that.Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety.In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach.As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage.Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
21．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A．Develping a serius mental disease.B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【解题示范】 第一步：迅速扫读文章，找出画线词在文章中的出处。第二步：根据第二段的第一句话“His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that.”他再次访问乌兹别克斯坦的结果比那要多得多，可推知that指代上一段的最后一句话，“A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.”也就是他去那里的目的，即写一篇关于the Aral Sea消失的文章。故选D。
句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后，寻找意义吻合是解题的关键。
第一步：在原文中定位画线句；第二步：查找画线句前后的关键信息句；第三步：仔细阅读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，合理推断画线句的句意；第四步：归纳总结，仔细比对选项，确定答案。
(2021·全国甲卷C)Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing.I lved it.I sn made friends with the lcal skaters.We spke ur wn language.And my favrite：Safe.Safe meant cl.It meant hell.It meant dn’t wrry abut it.
Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam(横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up：Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.9．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe！” prbably mean?A．Be careful！ B．Well dne!C．N way！ D．Dn’t wrry!
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解文章中，常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲，但又没有附加注释，需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章。
词义猜测题是基本上每年必考的阅读理解题型。词义判断是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速判断所指定的某一个生词或短语含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。
词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)The underlined wrd “...” in clsest in meaning t ________.(2)What des the underlined wrd “...” prbably mean?(3)The underlined wrd “...” culd best be replaced by “________”．(4)Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f the wrd “...”？(5)By saying “...”， the authr means ________.(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as ________.
1．根据定义、释义或同位语猜测词义(1)科技说明文等文章中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。(2)需要猜测的单词或短语后面有时会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。(3)文章下文中常以某种特定方式对前文进行解释，如利用r, that is (t say), in ther wrds, namely等词语。
(4)用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：Taylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn.One girl called 911．Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse，wh brught a defibrillatr，an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk.Luck stayed with them：Paris’s heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillatr后面出现了同位语“an electrnic device(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk”(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。
2．根据构词法猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或合成两个单词的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如：A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness，uneasiness，r wrry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
3．根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because，s，thus，therefre，as a result f，since，s that，等。例如：My sn culd nt fllw the teacher’s directins，he tld me，and thus，Scla was disrupting the class.Didn’t he knw my sn did nt speak English yet?
试题：What des the underlined wrd “disrupting” prbably mean?A．Breaking. B．Fllwing.C．Attending. D．Disturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课堂”。故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。
4．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，r，like，as well，similarly，t，als，either等。
例如：The fine selectin f the majr wrks was dne in clse cllabratin(合作) with the Muse Nacinal Reina Sfia in Madrid，Spain，and with cntributins frm ther institutins like the Salvadr Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Flrida.试题：What des the underlined wrd “cntributins” refer t?A．Artwrks. B．Prjects.C．Dnatins. D．Dcuments.
分析：画线单词cntributins前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了“the fine selectin f the majr wrks”(精选的重要作品)，后面说cntributins来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出cntributins应该属于wrks的范畴，同时文中明确表示cntributins是来自museum的。故选A项。
5．根据转折、对比或反义关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，hwever，while，unlike，instead (f)，n the ther hand，rather than，n the cntrary等。
例如：In the evening，rides are usually at a mre relaxed and unhurried pace，with glden light streaming acrss the grassy delta and the animals cming ut t eat and drink.Sedate thugh they are，rides at this time f day are still very impressive.试题：What des the underlined wrd “sedate” prbably mean?A．Wild and rmantic. B．Slw and peaceful.C．Hungry and thirsty. D．Active and excited.
分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们__________，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由thugh可知，前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的“at a mre relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选B项，sedate意为“不慌不忙的”。
6．根据上下文进行推测有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：真题体验典例2中的25题。
一、(2020·全国Ⅱ卷C)When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind.But sme eclgists and fashin (时装)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠)．
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.“It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild.“The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种)．It’s destrying the envirnment.It’s them r us，” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana.He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it.Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
1．What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?A．Bmed. B．Became mature.C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.【解题示范】 第一步：迅速扫读文章，找出画线词在文章中的出处。
第二步：利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。根据第五段 “The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.”可知，皮毛交易使海狸鼠在数十年中得到控制，但是海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代后期崩溃了，这种和猫一样大的动物疯狂繁殖。从文章中but 可以体会到，in check 和multiplied 的意思相反，那么cllapse在这里就表示“崩溃，(价格、货币等)暴跌”的意思了，crash也有此意。故选D。
二、(2020·全国Ⅲ卷B)When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard.But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars.Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：“Thanks fr nt using real apes(猿)! ”
The creative team behind“Apes” used mtin-capture(动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image(图像)．In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule.In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately.One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year.Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants”，“The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper”， have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried；it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns.And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
25．What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A．Listing cmpletely. B．Directing prfessinally.C．Prmting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
【解题示范】 第一步：迅速扫读文章，找出画线短语在文章中的出处。第二步：从文本前后找出同义关系词进行选择确定答案。首先可以确定，画线短语是处在一个以非营利组织为主语的语言环境中，这个组织监控电影中对动物的处理方法，正在keeping tabs n今年的2,000多部作品，有很多电影激起了积极分子的怒火，因为在电影中对动物处理不当。由此可知，这个短语和前面的mnitrs是同等义的关系，是“密切关注”的意思。故选D。
判断替代词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it，ne，they，this，that，these，thse，which等)或代动词(d，des，did等)具体替代什么。
1．代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2．代动词d, des, did一般用来替代前文中出现的一个动词短语，以避免重复。
3．设问形式常有：(1)What des the underlined wrd “this/it/them/which...” refer t?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in t “________”．(3)What des the underlined wrd “d/des/did”in Paragraph... mean/refer t?
判定指代三步法第一步：确定代词在文中所指代的内容；弄清代词指代的是前文中的人、物还是一件事，要用单数还是复数。第二步：掌握代词的含义、用法；(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/ne/thse指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/wh等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步：替换核实再比较。(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题体验】中第21题。由标题My Favurite Bks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以J Usmar的口吻进行写作的。故C选项正确。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷C)In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that.Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety.In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach.As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage.Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
21．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A．Develping a serius mental disease.B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【解题示范】 第一步：迅速扫读文章，找出画线词在文章中的出处。第二步：根据第二段的第一句话“His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that.”他再次访问乌兹别克斯坦的结果比那要多得多，可推知that指代上一段的最后一句话，“A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.”也就是他去那里的目的，即写一篇关于the Aral Sea消失的文章。故选D。
句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后，寻找意义吻合是解题的关键。
第一步：在原文中定位画线句；第二步：查找画线句前后的关键信息句；第三步：仔细阅读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，合理推断画线句的句意；第四步：归纳总结，仔细比对选项，确定答案。
(2021·全国甲卷C)Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing.I lved it.I sn made friends with the lcal skaters.We spke ur wn language.And my favrite：Safe.Safe meant cl.It meant hell.It meant dn’t wrry abut it.
Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam(横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up：Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.9．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe！” prbably mean?A．Be careful！ B．Well dne!C．N way！ D．Dn’t wrry!
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