高考英语二轮复习4.3.6 说明文含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习4.3.6 说明文含答案，共8页。
  4-3-6说明文A(2018·兰州市诊断考试)When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't__1__，__2__your child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things__3__！ Many people believe that they can__4__two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is__5__．The reality is that multitasking__6__poor job performance.New hand-held__7__such as smartphones，iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and__8__attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task__9__， such as listening in the classroom or doing homework.“__10__， the brain actually__11__ kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing__12__because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr.Edward Hallowell.__13__the appearance of hand?held devices and social networking sites，teachers have noticed a difference in__14__performance，critical thinking skills and how information is__15__．“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr.Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and__16__to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的), to tune out and switch__17__to Facebook or using their cell phones__18__working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long__19__，multitasking affects grades.One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do__20__on tests, resulting in lower grades.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孩子们同时做多项任务对学业所造成的负面影响。1．A.play　　　　　　　　 B．understandC．use                   D．work【解析】 根据下文中的“The reality is that multitasking__6__poor job performance.”可推知，同时做很多事情并没有什么效果。work“有效，起作用”。【答案】 D2．A.only if                       B．even thoughC．so that                         D．no wonder【解析】 根据语境可知，空处上下句之间存在逻辑上的让步关系，even though“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。【答案】 B3．A.at once                       B．right awayC．in no time                      D．at random【解析】 根据下文中的“Many people believe that they can__4__two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情。at once“同时”。【答案】 A4．A.advocate                     B．dealC．perform                       D．prefer【解析】 根据语境可知，许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情。perform“做，执行，履行”。【答案】 C5．A.impossible                        B．importantC．impatient                           D．impolite【解析】 根据下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr.Edward Hallowell认为同时做多项任务是不可能的。故A项正确。【答案】 A6．A.results in                           B．results fromC．exists in                             D．exists from【解析】 根据语境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同时做多项任务的结果很不好。result in“导致，造成”。【答案】 A7．A.designs                             B．discoveriesC．equipment                            D．evidence【解析】 根据空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此处表示新的便携式装备，故C项正确。下文第13空后的“hand?held devices”也是信息提示。【答案】 C8．A.attract                       B．drawC．pay                           D．share【解析】 根据下文中的“leading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任务容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。【答案】 D9．A.at hand                    B．on timeC．on schedule                  D．at times【解析】 根据空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，这些都是手头要做的事。at hand“在手边”。【答案】 A10．A.Uncertainly                  B．UnfortunatelyC．Universally                     D．Undoubtedly【解析】 根据第一段最后两句可知，Dr.Edward Hallowell并不赞成多任务行为，因此当大脑给这种行为以肯定或鼓励时，他认为是不幸的。【答案】 B11．A.remains                      B．rewardsC．regards                         D．reflects【解析】 根据空后的“even though”可知，空处与worse形成对比，由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为。reward“奖赏，报答”。【答案】 B12．A.better                         B．wellC．bad                             D．worse【解析】 根据上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕。【答案】 D13．A.Since                          B．BeforeC．When                            D．While【解析】 结合空后现在完成时的运用可知，此处应用连词since“自从……之后”引导时间状语从句。【答案】 A14．A.accidental                     B．accurateC．accessible                        D．academic【解析】 根据上文的“teachers”可推知，老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异。academic“学术的，学业的”。【答案】 D15．A.produced                      B．processedC．possessed                        D．promoted【解析】 根据下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，这些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式。process“处理”。【答案】 B16．A.tend                          B．attendC．intend                           D．pretend【解析】 根据空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a‘difficult to understand’ topic”可知，孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题，他们的注意力往往会分散。tend to do sth.“往往会发生某事”。【答案】 A17．A.out                          B．onC．off                             D．over【解析】 根据语境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西。switch over to“转向”。【答案】 D18．A.except for                     B．rather thanC．more than                        D．apart from【解析】 根据语境可知，孩子们去玩手机或Facebook，而不是更努力地学习。rather than“而不是”。【答案】 B19．A.run                           B．walkC．journey                          D．distance【解析】 in the long run为固定短语，意为“从长远来看”，符合语境。【答案】 A20．A.hardly                       B．successfullyC．poorly                         D．mildly【解析】 根据空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差。【答案】 CB(2018·兰州市高考实战模拟考试)What is the difference between “entertainment” and “hobbies”？ Well，entertainment__21__ to be more or less passive (被动的), while hobbies are more__22__．Watching TV or maybe a DVD continues to be the most__23__form of home entertainment in the USA.According to US government statistics, watching TV was the leisure activity (休闲活动) that__24__most time (2.8 hours per day)，making up about half of all leisure time for those aged 15 and over.__25__， such as visiting friends or chatting online，was the next most__26__ leisure activity, accounting for nearly three?quarters of an hour per day.Men were more likely than women to be__27__ spectator sports (观赏性体育)—21 per cent__28__ with a figure of 16 per cent for women.Not__29__，on an average day, adults aged 75 and over spent 7.8 hours on leisure activities, more than any other age group.Because of the__30__of work and managing a household，35 to 44-year-old spent__31__4.3 hours on leisure activities，less than any other age group.__32__spent reading for personal interest and playing video games or using a computer for leisure__33__greatly by age group.Individuals aged 75＋ averaged 1.0 hour of reading per weekend day and 26 minutes playing games or using a computer for leisure.__34__，people aged 15 to 19 read for an average of only five minutes per weekend day，__35__spending 1.0 hour playing games or using a computer for leisure.This pattern is already beginning to__36__．Just a few years ago, computer games and visiting social networking sites like Facebook or MySpace were almost only a(n)__37__activity.Now，__38__， more and more adults are finding that__39__such games can be a wonderful way of__40__after a hard day's work.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国人的家庭娱乐休闲方式。21．A.manages                     B．startsC．tends                          D．promises【解析】 此处是将“娱乐”与“爱好”进行对比，娱乐趋向于(tends to)“被动”，而爱好更“主动(active)”。【答案】 C22．A.active                       B．pleasantC．familiar                        D．mysterious【解析】 参见上题解析。【答案】 A23．A.special                      B．funnyC．popular                        D．complex【解析】 由下文的“making up about half of all leisure time”可知，来自美国政府的数据显示看电视“占用(took up)”了15岁或以上人群一半的休闲时间，因此看电视或看DVD是最受美国人“欢迎的(popular)”家庭休闲方式。【答案】 C24．A.saved                      B．foundC．set up                        D．took up【解析】 参见上题解析。【答案】 D25．A.Traveling                  B．AnalyzingC．Socializing                   D．Sightseeing【解析】 “拜访朋友”和“在线聊天”都是“社交(Socializing)”活动。【答案】 C26．A.common                   B．originalC．normal                       D．correct【解析】 由下文的“nearly three?quarters of an hour per day”可知，“社交活动”是紧随“看电视”之后的又一种最“常见的(common)”休闲活动。【答案】 A27．A.tired of                      B．proud ofC．worried about                   D．interested in【解析】 21 per cent 与16 per cent 这两个数字形成“对比(compared)”，相较于女性，男性对观赏性体育更“感兴趣(interested in)”。【答案】 D28．A.mixed                  B．comparedC．connected                 D．involved【解析】 参见上题解析。【答案】 B29．A.luckily                  B．suddenlyC．surprisingly                D．naturally【解析】 75岁或以上的老人用在休闲活动上的时间是每天7.8小时，这一点也不“令人惊讶(surprisingly)”。【答案】 C30．A.future                  B．tastesC．demands                  D．way【解析】 由下文的“less than any other age group”可知，由于工作和处理家庭事务方面的“需求(demands)”，35岁到44岁的人群用在休闲活动上的时间每天“只有(only)”4.3小时。【答案】 C31．A.only                    B．evenC．still                       D．ever【解析】 参见上题解析。【答案】 A32．A.Money                    B．TimeC．Effort                       D．Energy【解析】 由下文的数据“1.0 hour，26 minutes, five minutes”可知，本段是指人们用在阅读和电脑游戏上的“时间(Time)”因年龄层次而有所 “变化(varied)”。【答案】 B33．A.spread                    B．variedC．increased                    D．existed【解析】 参见上题解析。【答案】 B34．A.In a word              B．As a resultC．For example              D．In contrast【解析】 本段对75岁以上的人群和15至19岁的人群用在阅读和电脑上的时间进行了对比，故此处用In contrast。【答案】 D35．A.when                   B．whileC．though                     D．unless【解析】 15至19岁的人群每天的阅读时间只有5分钟，“而(while)”他们会花费1个小时玩游戏或电脑。【答案】 B36．A.return                   B．continueC．change                     D．develop【解析】 上文指出成年人用在游戏或电脑上的时间较年轻人少，但由下文的“more and more adults are finding that __39__such games can be a wonderful way”可知，这种模式如今正在发生“改变(change)”。【答案】 C37．A.youth                    B．privateC．adult                       D．public【解析】 由上文的时间对比可知，几年前，玩游戏或上社交网络被认为是“年轻人(youth)”的活动。【答案】 A38．A.besides                 B．howeverC．therefore                  D．otherwise【解析】 由人们观念的变化可知，“以前成年人用在游戏和电脑上的时间少”和“越来越多的成年人发现‘玩(playing)’电子游戏是种不错的‘放松(relaxing)’方式”之间是转折关系，故用however。【答案】 B39．A.collecting                  B．winningC．playing                       D．organizing【解析】 参见上题解析。【答案】 C40．A.learning                  B．workingC．recovering                  D．relaxing【解析】 参见第38题解析。【答案】 D