第04讲 定语从句-【暑假自学课】2022年新高一英语暑假精品课（新外研版2019必修1）

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区别关系代词和关系副词的判定。
掌握非限制性从句的用法。
【基础知识】
定语是什么？
基本概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份
C, 指代先行词
定语从句三步曲：
第一找出先行词；
第二找出定语从句
第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句
【考点剖析】
考点一：关系代词
考向1：关系代词基本用法
指人时可以用wh，也可用that。
The man wh/that lives next t us is a pliceman.
D yu knw the girl wh/that is in red?
指物时可以用which，也可用that。
I like music that/which I can dance t.
What d yu think f the mvie that/which was shwn last night?
活学活用：
I lve singers . Singers write their wn sngs.
改写：
wh在从句中用作主语。
He is the man . I met the man yesterday.
改写：
wh在从句中用作宾语。
I like music. I can dance t music.
改写：
that在从句中用作宾语。
I prefer a sandwich. A sandwich is really delicius.
改写：
that在从句中用作主语。
注意：1）that 和wh 在句中做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。
I like music (that) I can dance t.
He is the man (wh) I met yesterday.
2）定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致.
I prefer mvies that are scary.
I like a sandwich that is really delicius.
I lve singers wh are beautiful.
I have a friend wh plays sprts.
Whse可以指人，也可以指物。
whse 在定语从句中作定语。
She is a beautiful girl whse hair is brwn.
There is a desk whse legs are brken.
难点：whse: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
“whse + 名词 = the + 名词 + f which”。
N1 + whse +N2 = N1, the N2 f which
活学活用：
Lk ut ! Dn't get t clse t the huse _______ rf is under repair.
Lk ut ! Dn't get t clse t the huse，the rf_______ is under repair.
A. whse B. which C. f which D. what
2、Recently I bught an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasnable.
Recently I bught an ancient Chinese vase, and _______ was very reasnable.
A. which price B. the price f which C. its price D. the price f whse
关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
I like the bk that/which/省略 my mther bught yesterday.
D yu knw the girl wh/whm/that/省略 we talked abut just nw?
5.先行词是主句内容或物，只能用as的情况。
例1．【单句填空】
用as\that\which填空。
1. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift.
2. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift it.
3. ______ is knwn t all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybdy in the ffice.
考向2：关系代词的特殊用法
考点1：先行词是人，只能用wh,不能用that的情况。
指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用wh.
We shuld help anyne wh is in need.
非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用wh.
I’m Li Hua, wh is studying in Lndn during the summer vacatin.
考点2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。
介词+which
There are tw chairs in the rm, bth f which are brken.
非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用which
They wn the game, which we hadn’t expected.
考点3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或wh的情况。
（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 nly、any、few、little、n、all、ne f等修饰时。
1) I will tell him all that yu tld me at the ball.
2) The nly thing that we culd d was t wait.
3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
（2）先行词为all、much、little、nne、few、ne、smething、anything,everything等不定代词时。
The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street t the plice.
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was lking pleasantly at the children and bks that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is n lnger the ne that it was 5 years ag.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the bks that yu bught fr me ?
考点二：关系副词
关系副词有when,where, why三个， 在定语从句中一般作状语。
关系副词的作用
考点精讲：
考向1：关系副词的基本用法
when 在定语从句中作时间状语。
I will never frget the day when I jined the League.
where 在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the place where he was brn.
why 在定语从句中作原因状语。
We dn’t knw the reasn why he came late.
注意：关系副词=介词+关系代词
When=介词+which
I still remember the day ________________________I came t the schl fr the first time.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天
The time _____________________________we get tgether finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了
注意：Gne are the days when...
Why =fr+which
The reasn why
Please tell me the reasn________________________yu missed yur flight.
请告诉我你误机的原因
The reasn ___________________________yu were punished is unknwn t us.
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道
Where=介词+which
Is this the place ________yu visited?
Is this place ___________yu visited?
Is this the place _________yu lived?
A, where B, which C, the ne D, ne
考向2： 关系副词的特殊情况
A. 一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
1. I’ve cme t the pint where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
2. The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
难点：如果定语从句分别修饰pint, situatin, part, cnditin和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
活学活用：
1.We are trying t reach a pint ____ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---D yu have anything t say fr yurself?
---Yes, there’s ne pint ____ we must insist n .
A. why B. where C. hw D. /
3.Great changes are taking place in the city ______they live.
4.The reasn ___________he refused the invitatin is quite clear.
B. ccasin“时机”作先行词时，常用关系副词when。
ccasin“场合”作先行词时，常用关系副词where。
Occasins are quite rare when I have the time t spend a time with my kids.
Please describe an ccasin where yu met with real difficulties.
考向3. the way用做先行词，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which/that/省略
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1. The way _________________he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.
2. The way _________________he explained t us was quite simple.
3. What surprised me was nt what he said but _____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
The way ______he answered the questins was surprising.
A, / B, which C, that D, in which
考向4： 关系副词的选择技巧：一断，二找，三放
先判断句子是否是定语从句，若是， 断开主句从句部分。
找先行词指什么：人，物或其他。
放先行词于从句作什么成分，以判断应选关系代词或关系副词。 如果后面从句不完整，缺主语，宾语或定语时，就用关系代词。如果后面从句是完整的，不缺主语，宾语或定语，作状语时就用关系副词。
例2．【单句填空】
The reasn __________he did it is nt clear.
The reasn __________he gave t the teacher is unbelievable.
I will never frget the day_________I met.
I will never frget the day ___________we spent tgether.
考点三：非限制性从句
判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
I lst all the mney yu lent me yesterday.
I lst all the mney, withut which I had t walk hme.
例3．【单句填空】
1.Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, is nt gd fr the health.
2.But Sarah, has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
3.My cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reprter.
考点四：介词+关系代词which/whm
This is the watch (which/that) I am lking fr.
The babies (whm/wh/that)the nurse is lking after are very healthy.
He lves his parents deeply, all f whm are very kind t him.
IV. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法
关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可用介词+关系代词（whm/which）引导定语从句
1. D yu like the bk ___________she spent $10?
2. D yu like the bk ___________she paid $10?
3. D yu like the bk ___________ she learned a lt?
4. D yu like the bk ______________ she ften talks?
5. He built a telescpe ______________ he culd study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree utside, _____________ stands ur teacher.
7. China has a lt f rivers, the secnd lngest ___________ is the Yellw River.
8. The twer _____________ peple can have a gd view is n the hill.
9. The man ____________ I spke n the phne last night is very gd at writing.
10. He paid the by $10 fr washing ten windws, mst ________ hadn’t been cleaned fr at least a year.
11. He gave me sme nvels _____ ______ I am nt very familiar.
12. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first gt t Paris.
练习：
1)The plane in ______we flew t Canada was really cmfrtable.
A, which B, whm C, that
The man with ________yu talked just nw is my neighbr.
A, wh B, whm C, that
(3）Wind pwer is an ancient surce f energy ___ we may return in the near future.
A n which B by which C t which D frm which
(4） By nine 'clck ,all the Olympic trch bearers had reached the tp f Muntain Qmlangma . _____ appeared a rare rainbw sn.
A f which B n which C frm which D abve which
总结：介词的判定方法
A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配
Mr. Smith bught a new huse n which he spent all his mney.
B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定
There was n way in which it culd be bught back t the earth. ( in this way)
C.根据所表达的意思确定
The gas with which dctrs can save the patients is called xygen.
The gas withut which we can nt live is called xygen.
拓展： the way用做先行词
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1. The way _________________he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.
2. The way _________________he explained t us was quite simple.
高考题链接：
3. What surprised me was nt what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
The way ______he answered the questins was surprising.
A, / B, which C, that D, in which
【真题演练】
定语从句专练
1.I had a cncert ticket fr a shw that I culdn't attend it.
2.Senir family members, especially parents, shuld create an atmsphere ________ children can be encuraged t pur ut their heart happily.
A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which
3.Learning anther language is like stepping ut f a dr, ______I can lk back and see mre clearly my wn language.
A．By whichB．thrugh whichC．whichD．n which
4.Yu may think f giving up study, in ____________ case just think it ver befre making the decisin.
A. thatB. whichC. whseD. where
5.________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each ther by tuching nses, but this is nt a plite way f greeting in ther cultures.
A. AsB. ItC. WhichD. What
6.G fr a walk in the cuntryside, yu can enjy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmsphere.
A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what
7.I think yu've gt t the pint________ a change is needed, therwise yu'll fail.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which
8.Swimming is gd fr teenagers, ________ sme experts say will help them t stimulate their ptential and prmte their brain develpment.
A. whichB. whyC. WhmD. what
9.Sales directr is a psitin________ cmmunicatin ability is just as imprtant as sales.
A. whichB. whereC. whenD. why
10.Children, in my pinin,____creative ability is unbelievably rich, shuld be trained in that area.
A. whichB. whatC. whD. whse
11.Cmmunicatin technlgy has entered the 5G era,________will surely bring great changes t ur life.
A. whenB. whatC. whichD. where
12.My mther is the busiest persn in the family, which always has a lt f husewrk t d.
13.I have a pet cat, which name is Lucky. She has white hair and tw big eyes.
14.Between the tw parts f the cncert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice­cream.
A. whenB. where
C. thatD. which
15.In the dark street, they wasn’t a single persn, _______ she culd turn fr help.
A. t whmB. whmC. t whichD. which
16.We live in this sciety nw __________ actually smene is always helping.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. what
17.We will always remember the mment _______ my classmate Li Chng crssed the finish line.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. whse
18."The thirst fr knwledge is the strngest __________ there is a barrier," says the president f the ltalian Unin f the Blind．
A. whichB. whereC. sinceD. unless
19.Between the tw halves f the ftball game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can have a rest．
A. whenB. whereC. whichD. that
20.After graduating frm cllege，I tk sme time ff t g travelling，______ turned ut t be a wise decisin.
A. thatB. which
C. whenD. where
21.I can’t help but remember the precius child ______ smile has brught me cuntless hurs f jy thrughut the years.
A. whseB. whC. whmD. f which
22.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely t be the nly planet life has develped gradually.
A. that B. where C. whichD. whse
23.There was a lng wait at the receptin desk, ______ everyne was checking in.
A. whyB. whichC. whmD. where
24.The 2020 China Internatinal Fair fr Trade in services, ______ theme is “Glbal Services, Shared Prsperity”, attracted wrldwide attentin.
A. itsB. whseC. whichD. where
25.Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
【过关检测】
1.Prince William tk a visit t the Frbidden City n March 2, emperrs nce lived.
2.We have a living rm,tw bedrms with wnderful balcnies and a kitchen, my mm always cks great delicius fd.
3.Lking at the spt the bird had risen,I saw tw eggs.
4.The heart-warming stry began in September last year a wman asked the primary schl in her neighbrhd t accept her six-year-ld sn.
5.Water rafting, curage plays an imprtant rle, is a breathtaking utdr sprt.
6.He wrked in a car factry fr fur years,after he funded his wn cmpany in his hmetwn.
7.If the earth is pisned,the water,the fd and the animals will be pisned, means that we wh pisn the earth will be pisned t.
8.There,lying in the muddy river bed was a little dg abut tw mnths ld, frnt legs were tightly tied with rpes.
9.The stadium is very splendid and attractive in appearance, may be imagined.
10.Nw their talks have reached a key stage ne side must give in t the ther.
11.He wrte a lng letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
12.We are hping fr supprt frm Mr Webster,withut supprt we can’t make it.
13.Sme f the teachers at the cllege asked Dr Naismith t invent a game can be played indrs.
14.Sierra Lene is a cuntry basic health facilities are lacking and many peple are struggling with pverty.
15.Thse mtrcycles, a huge umbrella is fixed,are a huge threat t peple walking in the street.
16.I’m srry nt t have replied t yur letter earlier,fr ,I must say,I aplgize.
17.Almst every teenager will experience a perid in their life they aren’t cntent with their parents.
18.Once there lived a rich man wanted t d smething fr the peple f his twn.
19.We’ve reached the Nullabr Plain stretches fr 1,000 km and is cmpletely flat.
20.Withut thinking t much abut it,I went t the Student Affairs Office, I knew I culd find clthes in the “Lst and Fund” bx.
语法填空
In China, fd deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless f wind r rain. ____1____ they make ur life mre cnvenient, this can cme at ____2____ cst fr them. On fd delivery service platfrms, the time limit is calculated by an algrithm （算法）.But it desn't cnsider real-life ____3____（ situatin）, such as red lights and speed limits. Fr deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. S they speed up and ften break traffic rules, ____4____ （put） nt nly their wn lives at risk, but als the lives f thers. Many peple sclded and asked the platfrms t imprve the regulatins n delivery. ____5____ respnse, Eleme annunced it wuld add a buttn t the app, ____6____ allws custmers t extend the time limit. But this created mre ____7____（ heat） debate, as sme felt the cmpany was distracting attentin. The Shanghai Custmer Cuncil cmmented that the mve was nt reasnable, adding that the prblems shuld ____8____（settle） between the cmpanies and their emplyees. Als, even with the ability ____9____（ allw） mre time fr delivery, sme users felt this wuld nt _____10_____ （full） address the prblems.
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系
代词
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
which
物或主句内容
主语、宾语
wh
人
主语或宾语
whm
人
宾语
whse
人或物
定语
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
定语从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用
as,不能用which
He is nt such a fl as he lks.
Dn’t read such bks as yu can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有
“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也
可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从
句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
They wn the game, as we had expected.
They wn the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well knwn, he is a famus film star in the1980s.
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语